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Clark, A. M.; Courtman-Stock, J. (1976). The echinoderms of southern Africa. Publ. No. 766. British Museum (Nat. Hist), London. 277 pp.
6324
Clark, A. M.; Courtman-Stock, J.
1976
The echinoderms of southern Africa
Publ. No. 766. British Museum (Nat. Hist), London. 277 pp
Publication
This is a key to the Echinoderms of South Africa (except the Holothurians). The area is limited to Capricorn (South-east) and to Walvis bay (South-west). After all the surveys done by H.L. Clark (1923) and Mortensen (1933a, of the Asterozoa), only a small number of new taxa have been discovered. The number of species included is ca. 280.
South Africa
Bathyal, Continental slope
Fauna and Flora, Faunistic inventories, Checklists, Catalogues
Faunistic guides, Identification guides
Systematics, Taxonomy
RIS (EndNote, Reference Manager, ProCite, RefWorks)
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Allostichaster capensis (Perrier, 1875) (additional source)
Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828) (additional source)
Amphipholis strata Mortensen, 1933 (basis of record)
Amphiura (Amphiura) atlantica Ljungman, 1867 (basis of record)
Amphiura incana Lyman, 1879 represented as Amphiura (Amphiura) incana Lyman, 1879 (additional source)
Amphiura linearis Mortensen, 1933 represented as Amphiura (Amphiura) linearis Mortensen, 1933 (basis of record)
Amphiura uncinata Koehler, 1904 represented as Amphiura (Amphiura) uncinata Koehler, 1904 (basis of record)
Annametra occidentalis (AH Clark, 1915) (additional source)
Anseropoda Nardo, 1834 (additional source)
Anseropoda grandis Mortensen, 1933 (additional source)
Anseropoda habracantha H.L. Clark, 1923 (basis of record)
Anseropoda novemradiata (Bell, 1905) (basis of record)
Antedon magnicirra Bell, 1905 accepted as Crotalometra magnicirra (Bell, 1905) (source of synonymy)
Antedon sclateri Bell, 1905 accepted as Glyptometra sclateri (Bell, 1905) (source of synonymy)
Aspidodiadema africanum Mortensen, 1939 (basis of record)
Asteracanthion africanus Müller & Troschel, 1842 accepted as Marthasterias africana (Müller & Troschel, 1842) (source of synonymy)
Asterias capensis Perrier, 1875 accepted as Allostichaster capensis (Perrier, 1875) (source of synonymy)
Asterina exigua (Lamarck, 1816) accepted as Patiriella exigua (Lamarck, 1816) accepted as Parvulastra exigua (Lamarck, 1816) (source of synonymy)
Asteroceras spinigerum Mortensen, 1933 accepted as Astroceras spinigerum Mortensen, 1933 (basis of record)
Asteronyx loveni Müller & Troschel, 1842 (basis of record)
Asteroschema capensis Mortensen, 1925 accepted as Asteromorpha capensis (Mortensen, 1925) (basis of record)
Asterostegus tuberculatus Mortensen, 1933 (basis of record)
Astroboa nigra Döderlein, 1911 accepted as Astroboa nuda (Lyman, 1874) (source of synonymy)
Astroboa nuda (Lyman, 1874) (additional source)
Astrocladus africanus Mortensen, 1933 (basis of record)
Astrocladus euryale (Retzius, 1783) (additional source)
Astrocladus hirtus Mortensen, 1933 (basis of record)
Astroconus capensis Mortensen, 1933 accepted as Astrodendrum capensis (Mortensen, 1933) accepted as Astrodendrum capense (Mortensen, 1933) (basis of record)
Astropecten pontoporeus Sladen, 1883 accepted as Astropecten irregularis pontoporeus Sladen, 1883 (basis of record)
Astropecten pontoporeus Sladen, 1883 accepted as Astropecten irregularis pontoporeus Sladen, 1883 (source of synonymy)
Astropyga radiata (Leske, 1778) (additional source)
Astrothorax papillata (H.L. Clark, 1923) accepted as Astrothorax waitei (Benham, 1909) (basis of record)
Astrothorax waitei (Benham, 1909) (basis of record)
Austrofromia schultzei (Döderlein, 1910) accepted as Fromia schultzei Döderlein, 1910 (source of synonymy)
Austrofromia schultzei (Döderlein, 1910) accepted as Fromia schultzei Döderlein, 1910 (basis of record)
Benthopecten pedicifer (Sladen, 1889) (additional source)
Brisaster capensis (Studer, 1880) (basis of record)
Brisinga cricophora Sladen, 1889 (additional source)
Caenopedina capensis H.L. Clark, 1923 (basis of record)
Calliaster baccatus Sladen, 1889 (basis of record)
Carpopeltis maillardii (Montagne & Millardet) Chiang, 1970 (basis of record)
Ceramaster trispinosus H.L. Clark, 1923 (basis of record)
Chaetodiadema africanum H.L. Clark, 1925 (basis of record)
Chondraster elattosis H.L. Clark, 1923 (additional source)
Cladaster macrobrachius H.L. Clark, 1923 (basis of record)
Clypeaster eurychorius H.L. Clark, 1925 (basis of record)
Coelopleurus floridianus A. Agassiz, 1872 accepted as Coelopleurus floridanus A. Agassiz, 1872 (basis of record)
Coelopleurus interruptus Döderlein, 1910 (basis of record)
Coelopleurus maillardi (Michelin, 1862) (basis of record)
Comatella africana Gislén, 1938 accepted as Comatulidae incertae sedis africana (Gislén, 1938) (basis of record)
Coronaster volsellatus (Sladen, 1889) (additional source)
Cosmasterias felipes (Sladen, 1889) (additional source)
Crossaster penicillatus Sladen, 1889 (additional source)
Crotalometra magnicirra (Bell, 1905) (additional source)
Cryptopelta aster (Lyman, 1879) (additional source)
Culcita schmideliana (Bruzelius, 1805) (additional source)
Decametra durbanensis AM Clark, 1951 (basis of record)
Dermechinus horridus (A. Agassiz, 1879) (additional source)
Dictenophiura anoidea H.L. Clark, 1923 accepted as Ophiura (Dictenophiura) anoidea H.L. Clark, 1923 (basis of record)
Diplopteraster multipes (M. Sars, 1866) (additional source)
Echinocardium Gray, 1825 (additional source)
Echinocardium capense Mortensen, 1907 (basis of record)
Echinocardium cordatum (Pennant, 1777) (additional source)
Echinocyamus elegans Mazzetti, 1893 (basis of record)
Echinolampas crassa (Bell, 1880) (basis of record)
Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) (source of synonymy)
Echinometra mathaei (Blainville, 1825) (additional source)
Echinostrephus molaris (Blainville, 1825) (additional source)
Echinothrix calamaris (Pallas, 1774) (additional source)
Echinothrix desori (L. Agassiz in L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846) accepted as Echinothrix calamaris (Pallas, 1774) (source of synonymy)
Echinus gilchristi Bell, 1904 (basis of record)
Ellipsechinus lukunter (Linnaeus, 1758) accepted as Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) (source of synonymy)
Embryometra mortenseni Gislén, 1938 (basis of record)
Eudiocrinus Carpenter, 1882 (additional source)
Eurypatagus parvituberculatus (H.L. Clark, 1925) (additional source)
Gislenometra perplexa AH Clark, 1947 (basis of record)
Glyptometra sclateri (Bell, 1905) (basis of record)
Goniodiscus sebae Müller & Troschel, 1842 accepted as Culcita novaeguineae Müller & Troschel, 1842 (source of synonymy)
Gorgonocephalus pustulatum (H.L. Clark, 1916) (basis of record)
Henricia abyssalis (Perrier, 1894) (source of synonymy)
Henricia ornata (Perrier, 1869) (additional source)
Henricia retecta A.M. Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976 (original description)
Hippasteria strongylactis H.L. Clark, 1926 accepted as Hippasteria phrygiana strongylactis H.L. Clark, 1926 accepted as Hippasteria phrygiana (Parelius, 1768) (basis of record)
Hygrosoma petersi (A. Agassiz, 1880) accepted as Hygrosoma petersii (A. Agassiz, 1880) (basis of record)
Hymenaster gennaeus H.L. Clark, 1923 accepted as Hymenaster rex Perrier, 1885 (additional source)
Hymenaster lamprus H.L. Clark, 1923 (additional source)
Hymenaster latebrosus Sladen, 1882 (additional source)
Keraiaphorus maillardi Michelin, 1862 accepted as Coelopleurus maillardi (Michelin, 1862) (source of synonymy)
Kionocidaris striata Mortensen, 1932 (basis of record)
Lamprechinus nitidus Döderlein, 1905 accepted as Trigonocidaris nitidus (Döderlein, 1905) (basis of record)
Leiocidaris pistillaris (Lamarck, 1816) accepted as Prionocidaris pistillaris (Lamarck, 1816) (source of synonymy)
Linckia miliaris (Muller & Troschel, 1840) accepted as Linckia laevigata (Linnaeus, 1758) (source of synonymy)
Lovenia elongata (Gray, 1845) (additional source)
Luidia africana Sladen, 1889 accepted as Luidia sarsi africana Sladen, 1889 accepted as Luidia sarsii africana Sladen, 1889 (additional source)
Luidia savignyi (Audouin, 1826) (additional source)
Luidiaster hirsutus Studer, 1884 accepted as Cheiraster (Luidiaster) hirsutus (Studer, 1884) (additional source)
Macrophiothrix aspidota (Müller & Troschel, 1842) (additional source)
Macrophiothrix demessa (Lyman, 1861) (additional source)
Macrophiothrix longipeda (Lamarck, 1816) (additional source)
Macrophiothrix mossambica J.B Balinsky, 1957 accepted as Macrophiothrix demessa (Lyman, 1861) (source of synonymy)
Cargados Carajos for Oligometra serripinna occidentalis AH Clark, 1911 
Kenyan Exclusive Economic Zone for Sperosoma biseriatum Döderlein, 1901 
Madagascar for Astrophiura permira Sladen, 1879 
Mauritian Exclusive Economic Zone for Coscinasterias calamaria (Gray, 1840) 
Mauritian Exclusive Economic Zone for Diadema savignyi (Audouin, 1809) 
Mauritian Exclusive Economic Zone for Dichrometra afra AH Clark, 1912 
Mauritian Exclusive Economic Zone for Eucidaris metularia (Lamarck, 1816) 
Mauritian Exclusive Economic Zone for Macrophiothrix longipeda (Lamarck, 1816) 
Mauritian Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiocoma scolopendrina (Lamarck, 1816) 
Mauritian Exclusive Economic Zone for Prionocidaris pistillaris (Lamarck, 1816) 
Mauritian Exclusive Economic Zone for Toxopneustes pileolus (Lamarck, 1816) 
Mauritius for Echinometra mathaei (Blainville, 1825) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Acanthaster planci (Linnaeus, 1758) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Amphilycus scripta (Koehler, 1904) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Amphiophiura trifolium Hertz, 1927 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Amphioplus (Lymanella) integer (Ljungman, 1867) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Amphiura (Amphiura) capensis Ljungman, 1867  (doubtful)
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Amphiura candida Ljungman, 1867 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Amphiura inhacensis J.B. Balinsky, 1957 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Archaster angulatus Müller & Troschel, 1842 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Asterodiscides elegans (Gray, 1847) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Astroboa nuda (Lyman, 1874) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Astropecten antares Döderlein, 1926 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Astropecten granulatus natalensis John, 1948  (inaccurate)
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Astropecten hemprichi Müller & Troschel, 1842 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Astropecten polyacanthus phragmorus Fisher, 1913 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Astropyga radiata (Leske, 1778) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Coelopleurus maillardi (Michelin, 1862) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Comanthus parvicirrus (Müller, 1841) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Culcita schmideliana (Bruzelius, 1805) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Diadema savignyi (Audouin, 1809) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Echinodiscus auritus Leske, 1778 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Echinodiscus bisperforatus Leske, 1778 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Echinothrix calamaris (Pallas, 1774) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Eucidaris metularia (Lamarck, 1816) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Heterometra delagoae (Gislén, 1938) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Linckia guildingi Gray, 1840 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Linckia laevigata (Linnaeus, 1758) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Linckia multifora (Lamarck, 1816) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Lovenia elongata (Gray, 1845) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Luidia maculata Müller & Troschel, 1842 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Luidia savignyi (Audouin, 1826) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Macrophiothrix aspidota (Müller & Troschel, 1842)  (doubtful)
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Macrophiothrix demessa (Lyman, 1861) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Macrophiothrix hirsuta cheneyi (Lyman, 1861) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Macrophiothrix longipeda (Lamarck, 1816) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiacantha baccata Mortensen, 1933 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiactis carnea Ljungman, 1867 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiactis delagoa J.B. Balinsky, 1957 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiactis modesta Brock, 1888 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiactis savignyi (Müller & Troschel, 1842) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiocentrus dilatata (Koehler, 1905) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiocircus inutilis Koehler, 1904 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiocnemis marmorata (Lamarck, 1816) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiocoma erinaceus Müller & Troschel, 1842 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiocoma pica Müller & Troschel, 1842 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiocoma pusilla (Brock, 1888) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiocoma scolopendrina (Lamarck, 1816) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiocoma valenciae Müller & Troschel, 1842 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiocomella sexradia (Duncan, 1887) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiolepis cincta Müller & Troschel, 1842 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiomastix variabilis Koehler, 1905 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiomastix venosa Peters, 1851 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophionereis australis (H.L. Clark, 1923) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophionereis porrecta Lyman, 1860 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophionereis vivipara Mortensen, 1933 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiopallas paradoxa Koehler, 1904 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiopeza fallax Lütken, 1869 (non Peters, 1851) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiothela danae Verrill, 1869 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiothela nuda (H.L. Clark, 1923) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiothrix echinotecta Balinsky, 1957 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiothrix foveolata Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1887 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiothrix propinqua Lyman, 1861 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiothrix proteus Koehler, 1905 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Ophiothrix trilineata Lütken, 1869 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Paracrocnida sacensis (Balinsky, 1957) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Patiriella exigua (Lamarck, 1816) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Pentametrocrinus varians (Carpenter, 1882) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Prionocidaris pistillaris (Lamarck, 1816) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Protoreaster lincki (Blainville, 1830) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Salmaciella dussumieri erythracis (H.L. Clark, 1912) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Salmacis bicolor L. Agassiz in L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Stomopneustes variolaris (Lamarck, 1816) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Temnopleurus toreumaticus (Leske, 1778) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Toxopneustes pileolus (Lamarck, 1816) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Tropiometra carinata carinata (Lamarck, 1816) 
Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone for Tropiometra magnifica AH Clark, 1936 
Mozambique for Echinometra mathaei (Blainville, 1825) 
Mozambique for Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758) 
Red Sea for Astropecten hemprichi Müller & Troschel, 1842 
Red Sea for Ophiocoma valenciae Müller & Troschel, 1842 
Réunion Exclusive Economic Zone for Coelopleurus maillardi (Michelin, 1862) 
Somali Exclusive Economic Zone for Democrinus chuni (Döderlein, 1907) 
South Africa (country) for Acanthocidaris maculicollis (de Meijere, 1904)  (doubtful)
South Africa (country) for Allostichaster capensis (Perrier, 1875) 
South Africa (country) for Amphilepis scutata Mortensen, 1933 
South Africa (country) for Amphilimna cribriformis A.M. Clark, 1974 
South Africa (country) for Amphioplus (Lymanella) integer (Ljungman, 1867) 
South Africa (country) for Amphioplus falcatus Mortensen, 1933 
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