WoRMS taxon details
Microcosmus exasperatus Heller, 1878
103838 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:103838)
accepted
Species
Ascidia cavernosa Lesueur, 1823 · unaccepted (original combination)
Ascidia variabilis Lesueur, 1823 · unaccepted (original combination)
Microcosmus biconvolutus Sluiter, 1898 · unaccepted (original combination)
Microcosmus claudicans exasperatus Heller, 1878 · unaccepted (raised to species)
Microcosmus distans Heller, 1878 · unaccepted (original combination)
Microcosmus haemisphaerium Sluiter, 1904 · unaccepted (original combination)
Microcosmus miniatus Verrill, 1900 · unaccepted (original combination)
Microcosmus variegatus Heller, 1878 · unaccepted (original combination)
Pyura cavernosa (Lesueur, 1823) · unaccepted (new combination)
Pyura variabilis (Lesueur, 1823) · unaccepted (new combination)
marine, fresh, terrestrial
Heller, C. (1878). Beitrage zur nahern Kenntniss der Tunicaten. <em>Sitzber. Acad. Wiss. Wien.</em> 77(1): 2-28. [details] 
Distribution circum-(sub)tropical
Distribution circum-(sub)tropical [details]
Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2024). Ascidiacea World Database. Microcosmus exasperatus Heller, 1878. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=103838 on 2024-04-19
Date
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original description
Heller, C. (1878). Beitrage zur nahern Kenntniss der Tunicaten. <em>Sitzber. Acad. Wiss. Wien.</em> 77(1): 2-28. [details]
original description (of Ascidia cavernosa Lesueur, 1823) Lesueur C.A. (1823). Descriptions of several new species of <i>Ascidia</i>. <em>Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.</em> 3: 2-8. [details]
original description (of Ascidia variabilis Lesueur, 1823) Lesueur C.A. (1823). Descriptions of several new species of <i>Ascidia</i>. <em>Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.</em> 3: 2-8. [details]
original description (of Microcosmus biconvolutus Sluiter, 1898) Sluiter, C. P. (1898). Tuniciers recueilli en 1896, par la Chazalie, dans la mer des Antilles. <em>Mem. Soc. Zool. France.</em> 11: 5-34. [details] Available for editors
[request]
original description (of Microcosmus distans Heller, 1878) Heller, C. (1878). Beitrage zur nahern Kenntniss der Tunicaten. <em>Sitzber. Acad. Wiss. Wien.</em> 77(1): 2-28. [details]
original description (of Microcosmus haemisphaerium Sluiter, 1904) Sluiter, C. P. (1904). Die Tunicaten der Siboga-Expedition. Part 1. Die socialen und holosomen Ascidien. <em>Siboga-Exped.</em> 56a: 1-126. [details]
original description (of Microcosmus miniatus Verrill, 1900) Verrill, A. E. (1900). Addition to the Tunicata and Molluscoidea of the Bermudas. <em>Trans. Connecticut Acad. Sci.</em> 10: 588-594. [details]
original description (of Microcosmus variegatus Heller, 1878) Heller, C. (1878). Beitrage zur nahern Kenntniss der Tunicaten. <em>Sitzber. Acad. Wiss. Wien.</em> 77(1): 2-28. [details]
context source (Introduced species) Katsanevakis, S.; Bogucarskis, K.; Gatto, F.; Vandekerkhove, J.; Deriu, I.; Cardoso A.S. (2012). Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. <em>BioInvasions Records.</em> 1: 235-245., available online at http://easin.jrc.ec.europa.eu [details] Available for editors [request]
context source (Bermuda) Sterrer, W. (1986). Marine fauna and flora of Bermuda: a systematic guide to the identification of marine organisms. <em>Wiley-Interscience Publication. Wiley.</em> 742 pp (Nemertini part). [details] Available for editors [request]
basis of record Monniot, C. (2001). Ascidiacea & Sorberacea. <em>In: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: pp. 352-355. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Monniot, C.; Monniot, F. (1976). Ascidies de la Côte du Mozambique. [Ascidians from the Mozambique coast.]. <em>Rev. Zool. Afr.</em> 90(2): 357-392. [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Streftaris, N., A. Zenetos & E. Papathanassiou. (2005). Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas. <em>Oceanogry and Marine Biology: an Annual Review.</em> 43: 419-453. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). , available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/ [details]
additional source Kott, P. (1985). The Australian Ascidiacea part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. <em>Mem Qd Mus.</em> 23: 1-440., available online at http://biostor.org/reference/109626 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Zenetos, A.; Çinar, M.E.; Pancucci-Papadopoulou, M.A.; Harmelin, J.-G.; Furnari, G.; Andaloro, F.; Bellou, N.; Streftaris, N.; Zibrowius, H. (2005). Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 6 (2): 63-118., available online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273213810_Annotated_list_of_marine_alien_species_in_the_Mediterranean_with_records_of_the_worst_invasive_species [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Cole, L. and G. Lambert. 2009. Tunicata (Urochordata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1209–1216 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Zenetos, A.; Gofas, S.; Verlaque, M.; Cinar, M.; Garcia Raso, J.; Bianchi, C.; Morri, C.; Azzurro, E.; Bilecenoglu, M.; Froglia, C.; Siokou, I.; Violanti, D.; Sfriso, A.; San Martin, G.; Giangrande, A.; Katagan, T.; Ballesteros, E.; Ramos-Espla, A.; Mastrototaro, F.; Ocana, O.; Zingone, A.; Gambi, M.; Streftaris, N. (2010). Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 11(2): 381-493., available online at https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.87 [details]
additional source Rocha, R. M.; Bonnet, N. Y. K; Baptista, M. S.; Beltramin, F. S. (2012). Introduced and native Phlebobranch and Stolidobranch solitary ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) around Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. <em>Zoologia.</em> 29(1):39-53.
page(s): 45 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Izquierdo-Muñoz, A.; Díaz-Valdés, M.; Ramos-Esplá, A.A. (2009). Recent non-indigenous ascidians in the Mediterranean Sea. <em>Aquatic Invasions.</em> 4(1): 59-64., available online at http://www.aquaticinvasions.net/2009/AI_2009_4_1_IzquierdoMunoz_etal.pdf [details]
original description (of Ascidia cavernosa Lesueur, 1823) Lesueur C.A. (1823). Descriptions of several new species of <i>Ascidia</i>. <em>Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.</em> 3: 2-8. [details]
original description (of Ascidia variabilis Lesueur, 1823) Lesueur C.A. (1823). Descriptions of several new species of <i>Ascidia</i>. <em>Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.</em> 3: 2-8. [details]
original description (of Microcosmus biconvolutus Sluiter, 1898) Sluiter, C. P. (1898). Tuniciers recueilli en 1896, par la Chazalie, dans la mer des Antilles. <em>Mem. Soc. Zool. France.</em> 11: 5-34. [details] Available for editors
[request] original description (of Microcosmus distans Heller, 1878) Heller, C. (1878). Beitrage zur nahern Kenntniss der Tunicaten. <em>Sitzber. Acad. Wiss. Wien.</em> 77(1): 2-28. [details]
original description (of Microcosmus haemisphaerium Sluiter, 1904) Sluiter, C. P. (1904). Die Tunicaten der Siboga-Expedition. Part 1. Die socialen und holosomen Ascidien. <em>Siboga-Exped.</em> 56a: 1-126. [details]
original description (of Microcosmus miniatus Verrill, 1900) Verrill, A. E. (1900). Addition to the Tunicata and Molluscoidea of the Bermudas. <em>Trans. Connecticut Acad. Sci.</em> 10: 588-594. [details]
original description (of Microcosmus variegatus Heller, 1878) Heller, C. (1878). Beitrage zur nahern Kenntniss der Tunicaten. <em>Sitzber. Acad. Wiss. Wien.</em> 77(1): 2-28. [details]
context source (Introduced species) Katsanevakis, S.; Bogucarskis, K.; Gatto, F.; Vandekerkhove, J.; Deriu, I.; Cardoso A.S. (2012). Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. <em>BioInvasions Records.</em> 1: 235-245., available online at http://easin.jrc.ec.europa.eu [details] Available for editors
[request] context source (Bermuda) Sterrer, W. (1986). Marine fauna and flora of Bermuda: a systematic guide to the identification of marine organisms. <em>Wiley-Interscience Publication. Wiley.</em> 742 pp (Nemertini part). [details] Available for editors
[request] basis of record Monniot, C. (2001). Ascidiacea & Sorberacea. <em>In: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: pp. 352-355. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Monniot, C.; Monniot, F. (1976). Ascidies de la Côte du Mozambique. [Ascidians from the Mozambique coast.]. <em>Rev. Zool. Afr.</em> 90(2): 357-392. [details] Available for editors
[request] additional source Streftaris, N., A. Zenetos & E. Papathanassiou. (2005). Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas. <em>Oceanogry and Marine Biology: an Annual Review.</em> 43: 419-453. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
[request] additional source van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). , available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/ [details]
additional source Kott, P. (1985). The Australian Ascidiacea part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. <em>Mem Qd Mus.</em> 23: 1-440., available online at http://biostor.org/reference/109626 [details] Available for editors
[request] additional source Zenetos, A.; Çinar, M.E.; Pancucci-Papadopoulou, M.A.; Harmelin, J.-G.; Furnari, G.; Andaloro, F.; Bellou, N.; Streftaris, N.; Zibrowius, H. (2005). Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 6 (2): 63-118., available online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273213810_Annotated_list_of_marine_alien_species_in_the_Mediterranean_with_records_of_the_worst_invasive_species [details] Available for editors
[request] additional source Cole, L. and G. Lambert. 2009. Tunicata (Urochordata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1209–1216 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
[request] additional source Zenetos, A.; Gofas, S.; Verlaque, M.; Cinar, M.; Garcia Raso, J.; Bianchi, C.; Morri, C.; Azzurro, E.; Bilecenoglu, M.; Froglia, C.; Siokou, I.; Violanti, D.; Sfriso, A.; San Martin, G.; Giangrande, A.; Katagan, T.; Ballesteros, E.; Ramos-Espla, A.; Mastrototaro, F.; Ocana, O.; Zingone, A.; Gambi, M.; Streftaris, N. (2010). Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 11(2): 381-493., available online at https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.87 [details]
additional source Rocha, R. M.; Bonnet, N. Y. K; Baptista, M. S.; Beltramin, F. S. (2012). Introduced and native Phlebobranch and Stolidobranch solitary ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) around Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. <em>Zoologia.</em> 29(1):39-53.
page(s): 45 [details] Available for editors
[request] additional source Izquierdo-Muñoz, A.; Díaz-Valdés, M.; Ramos-Esplá, A.A. (2009). Recent non-indigenous ascidians in the Mediterranean Sea. <em>Aquatic Invasions.</em> 4(1): 59-64., available online at http://www.aquaticinvasions.net/2009/AI_2009_4_1_IzquierdoMunoz_etal.pdf [details]
Present Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Genetic nomenclature abbreviation Miexas [details]From regional or thematic species database
Introduced species vector dispersal in Tunisia (Nation) : Shipping [details]Introduced species vector dispersal Galapagos part of the South Pacific Ocean (Marine Region) Ships: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms
[details]
Introduced species vector dispersal Israeli part of the Mediterranean Sea - Eastern Basin (Marine Region) Canals: natural range expansion through man-made canals (Suez Canal) [details]
From other sources
Distribution circum-(sub)tropical [details]
To Barcode of Life (30 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (15 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (7 publications) (from synonym Microcosmus miniatus Verrill, 1900)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (7 publications) (from synonym Microcosmus variegatus Heller, 1878)
To European Nucleotide Archive (ENA)
To GenBank (11 nucleotides; 9 proteins)
To PESI
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Chordata Collection (136 records)
To ITIS
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (15 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (7 publications) (from synonym Microcosmus miniatus Verrill, 1900)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (7 publications) (from synonym Microcosmus variegatus Heller, 1878)
To European Nucleotide Archive (ENA)
To GenBank (11 nucleotides; 9 proteins)
To PESI
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Chordata Collection (136 records)
To ITIS
