Zezina O. N., 1981. Recent Deep-Sea Brachiopoda from the Western Pacific. Galathea Rep., 15, 7-20.


141498

Zezina, O. N.

1981

15: 7-20

Publication

Four new species are described: Crania indonesiensis, Sphenarina ezogremena, Septicollarina hemiechinata, and Phaneropora galatheae, the last two being the types of new genera. Phaneropora has become the type genus of a new family, Phaneroporidae, to which the deep-sea genus Leptothyrella of formerly uncertain systematic position has also been referred. The new family shows a good example of homeomorphy with a rhynchonelloid deep-sea family Cryptoporidae. The morphology the of crura of Rhynchonella doederleini has been restudied, and the species has been made the type of a new genus, Acanthobasiliola, and transferred to the family Basiliolidae, where it forms the new subfamily Acanthobasilioninae. The western Pacific species Grammetaria bartschi, Gryphus davidsoni, Terebratulina reevi, ?T. callinome, Campages furcgera and Jolonica hedleyi have been found in the Indian Ocean (south of Bali) for the first time, but all these occurrences are represented by empty shells. A new pattern of the geographical distribution, an "Atlantic-Southern Ocean pattern", is described for Cryptopora gnomon. This pattern and the "Pacific-Southern Ocean pattern" of distribution of another brachiopod deep-sea species, Abyssothyris wyvilei, seem to indicate different centres of origin for these deep-sea species. The rising of deep-sea fauna at the Malayan Archipelago and at the West Indies, as shown by the distribution of Pelagodiscus atlanticus, can be considered as evidence that the tropical shallow-water fauna penetrates to the abyss at least in these two regions of the world ocean. Two ancient elements have been recorded: 1) a new species of Sphenarina which has previously been known only as a Pliocene fossil from the Mediterranean region; 2) Septicollarina hemiechinata, n. gen., n. sp., which has some similarity to the Triassic genus Aulacothyropsis from the Alps, the Balkans, Crimea, the Caucasus and the Pamirs. Therefore the recent brachiopod fauna of the continental slopes of the western Pacific reveals a relationship to the fauna of the ancient Tethys Sea.

Brachiopoda

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