WoRMS taxon details
Pennatula Linnaeus, 1758
128495 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:128495)
accepted
Genus
Pennatula filosa Linnaeus, 1758 accepted as Pennella filosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (type by original designation)
Penna Bohadsch, 1761 · unaccepted (suppressed by IZCN for...)
suppressed by IZCN for nomenclatural uses
Phosphorella Gray, 1870 · unaccepted (synonym)
- Species Pennatula aculeata Danielssen, 1860
- Species Pennatula delicata Tixier-Durivault, 1966
- Species Pennatula fimbriata Herklots, 1858
- Species Pennatula indica Thomson & Henderson, 1906
- Species Pennatula mollis Alder, 1867
- Species Pennatula murrayi Kölliker, 1880
- Species Pennatula naresi Kölliker, 1880
- Species Pennatula pearceyi Kölliker, 1880
- Species Pennatula phosphorea Linnaeus, 1758
- Species Pennatula prolifera Jungersen, 1904
- Species Pennatula rubra Ellis, 1764
- Species Pennatula americana Moroff, 1902 accepted as Pennatula aculeata Danielssen, 1860 (synonym)
- Species Pennatula antennina Ellis & Solander, 1786 accepted as Funiculina quadrangularis (Pallas, 1766) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Species Pennatula argentea Ellis & Solander, 1786 accepted as Pteroeides argenteum (Ellis & Solander, 1786) (original combination)
- Species Pennatula argentina Acuña & Zamponi, 1992 accepted as Anthoptilum grandiflorum (Verrill, 1879) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Species Pennatula bayeri Castro & Medeiros, 2001 accepted as Pennatula bellissima Fowler, 1888 accepted as Ptilella bellissima (Fowler, 1888) (synonym)
- Species Pennatula bellissima Fowler, 1888 accepted as Ptilella bellissima (Fowler, 1888) (original combination)
- Species Pennatula borealis Sars, 1846 accepted as Pennatula grandis Ehrenberg, 1834 accepted as Ptilella grandis (Ehrenberg, 1834) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Species Pennatula cynomorium Pallas, 1766 accepted as Veretillum cynomorium (Pallas, 1766) (original combination)
- Species Pennatula distorta Koren & Danielssen, 1877 accepted as Pennatula phosphorea Linnaeus, 1758 (synonym)
- Species Pennatula encrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) accepted as Umbellula encrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Pennatula filosa Linnaeus, 1758 accepted as Pennella filosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (original combination)
- Species Pennatula grandis Ehrenberg, 1834 accepted as Ptilella grandis (Ehrenberg, 1834) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
- Species Pennatula granulosa Blainville, 1834 accepted as Pennatula rubra Ellis, 1764 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Species Pennatula hydropica Cuvier MS in Kölliker, 1869 accepted as Pteroeides hydropicum (Cuvier, 1869) accepted as Pteroeides esperi Herklots, 1858 (synonym)
- Species Pennatula inflata Kükenthal, 1910 accepted as Ptilella inflata (Kükenthal, 1910) (original combination)
- Species Pennatula juncea Pallas, 1766 accepted as Virgularia juncea (Pallas, 1766) (original combination)
- Species Pennatula mirabilis Müller, 1776 accepted as Virgularia mirabilis (Müller, 1776) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
- Species Pennatula moseleyi Kölliker, 1880 accepted as Alloptilella moseleyi (Kölliker, 1880) (New combination)
- Species Pennatula phalloides Pallas, 1766 accepted as Lituaria phalloides (Pallas, 1766) (original combination)
- Species Pennatula quadrangularis Pallas, 1766 accepted as Funiculina quadrangularis (Pallas, 1766) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
- Species Pennatula reniformis Pallas, 1766 accepted as Renilla reniformis (Pallas, 1766) (unaccepted > superseded combination, oriiginal combination)
- Species Pennatula sagitta Linnaeus, 1758 accepted as Pennella sagitta (Linnaeus, 1758) (original combination)
- Species Pennatula setacea Esper, 1794 accepted as Pennatula rubra Ellis, 1764 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Species Pennatula spinosa Ellis & Solander, 1786 accepted as Pteroeides spinosum (Ellis & Solander, 1786) accepted as Pteroeides griseum (Bohadsch, 1761) (synonym)
- Species Pennatula splendens Thomson & Henderson, 1906 accepted as Scytalium martensii Kölliker, 1870 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Species Pennatula stellifera Müller, 1776 accepted as Kophobelemnon stelliferum (Müller, 1776) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
- Species Pennatula undulata (Verrill, 1865) accepted as Ptilosarcus undulatus (Verrill, 1865) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Pennatula veneris Thomson & Henderson, 1906 accepted as Scytalium sarsii Herklots, 1858 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Species Pennatula alata Studer, 1894 (uncertain)
- Species Pennatula brevipenna Nutting, 1912 (uncertain)
- Species Pennatula flava Nutting, 1908 (uncertain)
- Species Pennatula grysea Pallas, 1766 (uncertain)
- Species Pennatula inermis Nutting, 1912 (uncertain, may belong to Scytalium)
- Species Pennatula koellikeri Studer, 1894 (uncertain)
- Species Pennatula longistyla Nutting, 1912 (uncertain)
- Species Pennatula pallida Nutting, 1908 (uncertain)
- Species Pennatula pendula Thomson & Henderson, 1906 (uncertain)
- Species Pennatula pulchella Herklots, 1858 accepted as Pennatula phosphorea var. lancifolia variegata Kölliker, 1869 (uncertain, synonym)
- Species Pennatula rubescens Nutting, 1912 (uncertain)
- Species Pennatula sanguinea Nutting, 1908 (uncertain)
- Species Pennatula scirpea Pallas, 1766 (uncertain)
- Species Pennatula sulcata Kölliker, 1880 accepted as Pennatula fimbriata Herklots, 1858 (uncertain, synonym)
- Species Pennatula targionii Richiardi, 1869 (uncertain)
- Species Pennatula tenua Gabb, 1862 accepted as Ptilosarcus gurneyi (Gray, 1860) (uncertain, synonym)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. <em>Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae.</em> , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors 
[request]
[request]
Homonymy Linnaeus's Pennatula 1758 is a good name for the cnidarians, as this was used first. This homonym of the copepods was...
Homonymy Linnaeus's Pennatula 1758 is a good name for the cnidarians, as this was used first. This homonym of the copepods was created when they were tacked on just because they kind of looked like the cnidarians. Linnaeus did not have a clue. This name is enshrined in the coelenterate order Pennatulacea, where the genus is still found, unburdened by parasitic copepods.
The first of these Linnaean copepod species was Pennatula filosa, taken from the Mediterranean swordfish. The second was Pennatula sagitta, found on the sargassum fish. Subsequent investigators mentioned that Linnaeus’s host notations were about the only useful characteristics he provided (Stebbing 1905). Since Linnaeus’s time, other features have been defined, and both species are valid. Oken (1815), without knowing their true nature, but seeing that these parasites were not as “other” coral-like polyps, proposed the appropriate name Pennella, the “little feather,” for the copepods. Linnaeus’s species names are retained, so that the two species are now Pennella sagitta (Linnaeus, 1758), the type species of Oken's genus, and Pennella filosa (Linnaeus, 1758), both now in the siphonostome family Pennellidae (see Kabata 1979). [details]
The first of these Linnaean copepod species was Pennatula filosa, taken from the Mediterranean swordfish. The second was Pennatula sagitta, found on the sargassum fish. Subsequent investigators mentioned that Linnaeus’s host notations were about the only useful characteristics he provided (Stebbing 1905). Since Linnaeus’s time, other features have been defined, and both species are valid. Oken (1815), without knowing their true nature, but seeing that these parasites were not as “other” coral-like polyps, proposed the appropriate name Pennella, the “little feather,” for the copepods. Linnaeus’s species names are retained, so that the two species are now Pennella sagitta (Linnaeus, 1758), the type species of Oken's genus, and Pennella filosa (Linnaeus, 1758), both now in the siphonostome family Pennellidae (see Kabata 1979). [details]
WoRMS (2024). Pennatula Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=128495 on 2024-04-23
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original description
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. <em>Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae.</em> , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors [request]
original description (of Phosphorella Gray, 1870) Gray, J.E. (1870). Catalogue of sea-pens or Pennatulariidae in the collection of the British Museum / by J.E. Gray. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18487479
page(s): 20 [details]
original description (of Penna Bohadsch, 1761) Bohadsch J.B. (1761). <i>De quibusdam animalibus marinis, corumque proprietatibus, orbi litterario vel nodum vel minus notis</i>. Dresden. 169 pp., 12 pls. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29658105
page(s): 109 [details]
basis of record Williams, G.C.; van der Land, J. (2001). Octocorallia - Pennatulacea. <em>in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification.</em> Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50: pp. 105-106. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Williams, G. Pennatulacea checklist for ERMS2. [details]
additional source Williams, G.C. (1999). Index Pennatulacea: annotated bibliography and indexes of the Sea Pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the World 1469-1999. <em>Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.</em> 51(2): 19-103, 1 fig., 14 plates. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Oken, L. (1815-1816). Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Dritter Theil: Zoologie. <em>Erste Abtheilung: Fleischlose Thiere,Leipzig: C.H. Reclam & Jena: A. Schmid, [book (3rd vol part one, of 3 vols, including plates atlas of T.1, 1813].</em> xxviii + 842 pp. + xviii, 40 pls. L [copepods 180-184, 357-359, 4 plates]., available online at http://books.google.com/books?id=Spo5AAAAcAAJ [details]
additional source Cairns, S.D., L. Gershwin, F.J. Brook, P. Pugh, E.W. Dawson, O.V.; Ocaña, W. Vervoort, G. Williams, J.E. Watson, D.M. Opresko, P. Schuchert, P.M. Hine, D.P. Gordon, H.I. Campbell, A.J. Wright, J.A.Sánchez & D.G. Fautin. (2009). Phylum Cnidaria: corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> pp. 59-101., available online at https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/8431 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source López-González, P. J.; Williams, G. C. (2002). A new genus and species of sea pen (Octocorallia : Pennatulacea : Stachyptilidae) from the Antarctic Peninsula. <em>Invertebrate Systematics.</em> 16(6): 919-929., available online at https://doi.org/10.1071/it01027
page(s): 926, 927 [details]
additional source Hickson, S.J. (1916). The Pennatulacea of the Siboga Expedition with a general survey of the order. <em>Siboga Expeditie.</em> 14: 1-265, plates 1-10., available online at https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31822010548360&view=1up&seq=7
page(s): 181-198 [details]
additional source Williams, G. C. (1997). Preliminary assessment of the phylogeny of Pennatulacea (Anthozoa: Octocorallia), with a reevaluation of Ediacaran frond-like fossils, and a synopsis of the history of evolutionary thought regarding the sea pens. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, 497-509
page(s): 497, 501, 502, 503, 505 [details]
additional source Belcik, F. P. (1977). A distribution study of the Octocorallia of Oregon. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 24(1-3): 49-52
page(s): 51 [details]
additional source Imahara, Y. (2006). Preliminary report on the alcyonacean and pennatulacean octocorals collected by the natural history research of the Sagami Sea. Memoirs of the National Science Museum (Tokyo) [Kokuritsu Kagaku Hakubutsukan], 40, 91-101
page(s): 101 [details]
additional source Kükenthal, W.; Broch, H. (1911). Pennatulacea. <em>Wissensch. Ergebn. Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition "Valdivia".</em> 13(1), 2: i-iv + 113-576, plates 13-29.
page(s): 348-350 [details]
additional source Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
[request] original description (of Phosphorella Gray, 1870) Gray, J.E. (1870). Catalogue of sea-pens or Pennatulariidae in the collection of the British Museum / by J.E. Gray. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18487479
page(s): 20 [details]
original description (of Penna Bohadsch, 1761) Bohadsch J.B. (1761). <i>De quibusdam animalibus marinis, corumque proprietatibus, orbi litterario vel nodum vel minus notis</i>. Dresden. 169 pp., 12 pls. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29658105
page(s): 109 [details]
basis of record Williams, G.C.; van der Land, J. (2001). Octocorallia - Pennatulacea. <em>in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification.</em> Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50: pp. 105-106. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Williams, G. Pennatulacea checklist for ERMS2. [details]
additional source Williams, G.C. (1999). Index Pennatulacea: annotated bibliography and indexes of the Sea Pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the World 1469-1999. <em>Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.</em> 51(2): 19-103, 1 fig., 14 plates. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Oken, L. (1815-1816). Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Dritter Theil: Zoologie. <em>Erste Abtheilung: Fleischlose Thiere,Leipzig: C.H. Reclam & Jena: A. Schmid, [book (3rd vol part one, of 3 vols, including plates atlas of T.1, 1813].</em> xxviii + 842 pp. + xviii, 40 pls. L [copepods 180-184, 357-359, 4 plates]., available online at http://books.google.com/books?id=Spo5AAAAcAAJ [details]
additional source Cairns, S.D., L. Gershwin, F.J. Brook, P. Pugh, E.W. Dawson, O.V.; Ocaña, W. Vervoort, G. Williams, J.E. Watson, D.M. Opresko, P. Schuchert, P.M. Hine, D.P. Gordon, H.I. Campbell, A.J. Wright, J.A.Sánchez & D.G. Fautin. (2009). Phylum Cnidaria: corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> pp. 59-101., available online at https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/8431 [details] Available for editors
[request] additional source López-González, P. J.; Williams, G. C. (2002). A new genus and species of sea pen (Octocorallia : Pennatulacea : Stachyptilidae) from the Antarctic Peninsula. <em>Invertebrate Systematics.</em> 16(6): 919-929., available online at https://doi.org/10.1071/it01027
page(s): 926, 927 [details]
additional source Hickson, S.J. (1916). The Pennatulacea of the Siboga Expedition with a general survey of the order. <em>Siboga Expeditie.</em> 14: 1-265, plates 1-10., available online at https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31822010548360&view=1up&seq=7
page(s): 181-198 [details]
additional source Williams, G. C. (1997). Preliminary assessment of the phylogeny of Pennatulacea (Anthozoa: Octocorallia), with a reevaluation of Ediacaran frond-like fossils, and a synopsis of the history of evolutionary thought regarding the sea pens. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, 497-509
page(s): 497, 501, 502, 503, 505 [details]
additional source Belcik, F. P. (1977). A distribution study of the Octocorallia of Oregon. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 24(1-3): 49-52
page(s): 51 [details]
additional source Imahara, Y. (2006). Preliminary report on the alcyonacean and pennatulacean octocorals collected by the natural history research of the Sagami Sea. Memoirs of the National Science Museum (Tokyo) [Kokuritsu Kagaku Hakubutsukan], 40, 91-101
page(s): 101 [details]
additional source Kükenthal, W.; Broch, H. (1911). Pennatulacea. <em>Wissensch. Ergebn. Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition "Valdivia".</em> 13(1), 2: i-iv + 113-576, plates 13-29.
page(s): 348-350 [details]
additional source Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
[request] 
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Homonymy Linnaeus's Pennatula 1758 is a good name for the cnidarians, as this was used first. This homonym of the copepods was created when they were tacked on just because they kind of looked like the cnidarians. Linnaeus did not have a clue. This name is enshrined in the coelenterate order Pennatulacea, where the genus is still found, unburdened by parasitic copepods. The first of these Linnaean copepod species was Pennatula filosa, taken from the Mediterranean swordfish. The second was Pennatula sagitta, found on the sargassum fish. Subsequent investigators mentioned that Linnaeus’s host notations were about the only useful characteristics he provided (Stebbing 1905). Since Linnaeus’s time, other features have been defined, and both species are valid. Oken (1815), without knowing their true nature, but seeing that these parasites were not as “other” coral-like polyps, proposed the appropriate name Pennella, the “little feather,” for the copepods. Linnaeus’s species names are retained, so that the two species are now Pennella sagitta (Linnaeus, 1758), the type species of Oken's genus, and Pennella filosa (Linnaeus, 1758), both now in the siphonostome family Pennellidae (see Kabata 1979). [details]
| Language | Name | |
|---|---|---|
| Japanese | ウミエラ［フトウミエラ］属 | [details] |
3x5 C.B. Wilson Taxonomic Card - Pennatula 
3x5 J.S. Ho Taxonomic Card - Pennatula
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL)
To European Nucleotide Archive (ENA)
To European Nucleotide Archive (ENA)
To Genbank
To The Arctic Traits Database (2 traits)
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 028257)
To ITIS
3x5 J.S. Ho Taxonomic Card - Pennatula
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL)
To European Nucleotide Archive (ENA)
To European Nucleotide Archive (ENA)
To Genbank
To The Arctic Traits Database (2 traits)
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 028257)
To ITIS
