WoRMS taxon details
Porites lobata Dana, 1846
207225 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:207225)
accepted
Species
Porites (Porites) lobata Dana, 1846 · unaccepted > superseded combination
Porites baueri Squires, 1959 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Porites excavata Verrill, 1870 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Porites globosa Nemenzo, 1976 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym (?)
Porites lobata f. aperta Vaughan, 1907 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Porites lobata f. centralis Vaughan, 1918 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Porites lobata f. centralis alpha Vaughan, 1907 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Porites lobata f. centralis beta Vaughan, 1907 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Porites lobata f. centralis delta Vaughan, 1907 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Porites lobata f. centralis epsilon Vaughan, 1907 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Porites lobata f. centralis gamma Vaughan, 1907 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Porites lobata f. infundibulum Vaughan, 1907 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Porites lobata f. lacera Vaughan, 1907 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Porites lobata f. nodulosa Hoffmeister, 1925 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Porites lobata f. parvicalyx Vaughan, 1907 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Porites paschalensis Vaughan, 1906 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
- Forma Porites lobata f. aperta Vaughan, 1907 accepted as Porites lobata Dana, 1846 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Forma Porites lobata f. centralis Vaughan, 1918 accepted as Porites lobata Dana, 1846 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Forma Porites lobata f. infundibulum Vaughan, 1907 accepted as Porites lobata Dana, 1846 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Forma Porites lobata f. lacera Vaughan, 1907 accepted as Porites lobata Dana, 1846 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Forma Porites lobata f. nodulosa Hoffmeister, 1925 accepted as Porites lobata Dana, 1846 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Forma Porites lobata f. parvicalyx Vaughan, 1907 accepted as Porites lobata Dana, 1846 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
marine, fresh, terrestrial
Dana, J.D. (1846-1849). Zoophytes. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838-1842. <em>Lea and Blanchard, Philadelphia.</em> 7: 1-740, 61 pls. (1846: 1-120, 709-720; 1848: 121-708, 721-740; 1849: atlas pls. 1-61)., available online at http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/usexex/navigation/ScientificText/USExEx19_08select.cfm [details]
Type locality contained in Fijian Exclusive Economic Zone
, Note Fiji (Veron, 1986).
type locality contained in Fijian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
From other sources
Type locality Fiji (Veron, 1986). [details]
Description Colonies reach several metres diameter. A rough first guide to distinguishing this species from Porites lutea seems to be...
Description Colonies reach several metres diameter. A rough first guide to distinguishing this species from Porites lutea seems to be that, whereas the latter grows either vertical ridges or vertically projecting columns, P. lobata tends to develop drooping lobes. However, colonies of both may be equally irregular. The septal triplet have free margins, and hence resemble P. solida rather than P. lutea. It is found in very similar habitat to P. lutea, forming huge colonies in clear water to about 15 m deep (Sheppard, 1998).
Colonies are hemispherical or helmet-shaped and may be very large. Colour: usually cream or pale brown but may be bright blue, purple or green in shallow water. Abundance: very common and frequently a dominant, with P. lutea and P. australiensis. Of back reef margins, lagoons and some fringing reef (Veron, 1986). [details]
Colonies are hemispherical or helmet-shaped and may be very large. Colour: usually cream or pale brown but may be bright blue, purple or green in shallow water. Abundance: very common and frequently a dominant, with P. lutea and P. australiensis. Of back reef margins, lagoons and some fringing reef (Veron, 1986). [details]
Hoeksema, B. W.; Cairns, S. (2024). World List of Scleractinia. Porites lobata Dana, 1846. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207225 on 2024-04-16
Date
action
by
2000-09-13 07:19:12Z
changed
Garcia, Maria
The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License
original description
Dana, J.D. (1846-1849). Zoophytes. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838-1842. <em>Lea and Blanchard, Philadelphia.</em> 7: 1-740, 61 pls. (1846: 1-120, 709-720; 1848: 121-708, 721-740; 1849: atlas pls. 1-61)., available online at http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/usexex/navigation/ScientificText/USExEx19_08select.cfm [details]
original description (of Porites baueri Squires, 1959) Squires, D. (1959). Result of the Puritan-American Museum of Natural History Expedition to Western Mexico 7. Corals and coral reefs in the Gulf of California. <em>Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History.</em> 118, 367-432. [details]
original description (of Porites excavata Verrill, 1870) Verrill, AE. (1868-1870). Notes on the Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera and species. No. 6. Review of the polyps and corals of the West Coast of America. <em>Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences.</em> 1: 377-558, pls. 5-10., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/34032#/summary [details]
original description (of Porites (Porites) lobata Dana, 1846) Dana, J.D. (1846-1849). Zoophytes. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838-1842. <em>Lea and Blanchard, Philadelphia.</em> 7: 1-740, 61 pls. (1846: 1-120, 709-720; 1848: 121-708, 721-740; 1849: atlas pls. 1-61)., available online at http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/usexex/navigation/ScientificText/USExEx19_08select.cfm [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. nodulosa Hoffmeister, 1925) Hoffmeister, J.E. (1925). Some corals from America Samoa and the Fiji Islands. <em>Papers from the Department of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.</em> 22: 1-90, pls. 1-23. [details]
original description (of Porites globosa Nemenzo, 1976) Nemenzo, F. 1976. Some new Philippine scleractinian reef corals. Natural and Applied Science Bulletin, University of the Philippines 28: 229-276, pls. 1-10. [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. lacera Vaughan, 1907) Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427. [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. infundibulum Vaughan, 1907) Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427. [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. parvicalyx Vaughan, 1907) Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427. [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. centralis alpha Vaughan, 1907) Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427. [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. centralis gamma Vaughan, 1907) Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427. [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. centralis beta Vaughan, 1907) Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427. [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. centralis delta Vaughan, 1907) Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427. [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. centralis epsilon Vaughan, 1907) Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427. [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. aperta Vaughan, 1907) Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427. [details]
original description (of Porites paschalensis Vaughan, 1906) Vaughan TW (1906) Report on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific. VI Madreporaria. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 50: 59-72, pls. 1-10. [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. centralis Vaughan, 1918) Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427. [details]
context source (HKRMS) Ang, P. O.; McCorry, D.; Si, C. C. L. (2003). Establishing a reference collection and field guides for Hong Kong scleractinian coral. <em>Final report submitted to the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, The Hong Kong SAR Government.</em> [details]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record Veron JEN. (1986). Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific. <em>Angus & Robertson Publishers.</em> [details]
additional source Veron JEN, Pichon M, Wijsman-Best M. (1977). Scleractinia of Eastern Australia – Part II. Families Faviidae, Trachyphylliidae. <em>Australian Institute of Marine Science Monograph series.</em> 3: 1-233.
page(s): 167 [details]
additional source Reed, S.A., 1971. Some common Coelenterates in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. In: H.M. Lenhoff, L. Muscatine & L.V. Davis, eds, Experimental Coelenterate Biology : 37-51.
page(s): 41, 49 [details]
additional source Hoffmeister, J.E. (1925). Some corals from America Samoa and the Fiji Islands. <em>Papers from the Department of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.</em> 22: 1-90, pls. 1-23.
page(s): 12, 73 [details]
additional source Vaughan TW. (1918). Some shallow-water corals from Murray Island (Australia), Cocos-Keeling Island, and Fanning Island. <em>Papers from the Department of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.</em> 9 (213): 49-234, pls. 20-93. [details]
additional source Quelch JJ. (1886). Report on the Reef-corals collected by H.M.S. 'Challenger' during the years 1873-76. <em>Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Zoology.</em> 16 (46): 1-203, pl. 1-12., available online at http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-46/README.htm
page(s): 30, 202 [details]
additional source Verrill, A. E. (1864). List of the polyps and corals sent by the Museum of Comparative Zoology to other institutions in exchange, with annotations. <em>Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.</em> 1: 29-60., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6587563
page(s): 42 [details]
additional source Dana, J. D. (1846-1847). On Zoophytes. <em>The American Journal of Science and Arts, Second Series.</em> 2(4): 64-69; 2(5): 187-202; 3(7): 1-24; 3(8): 160-163; 3(9): 337-347. New-Haven., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28135503
page(s): 552, 562 [details]
additional source Cairns, S.D., B.W. Hoeksema & J. van der Land. (1999). Appendix: List of extant stony corals. <em>Atoll Research Bulletin.</em> 459: 13-46.
page(s): 38 [details]
additional source Robertson R. (1970). Review of the predators and parasites of stony Corals, with special reference to symbiotic Prosobranch Gastropods. <i>Pacific Science 24 (1)</i>: 43-54
page(s): 45 [details]
additional source Cairns, S.D., B.W. Hoeksema & J. van der Land. (2007). as a contribution to UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
[request]
additional source Benzoni, F., Stefani, F. 2012. Porites fontanesii, a new species of hard coral (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from the southern Red Sea, the Gulf of Tadjoura, and the Gulf of Aden, and its phylogenetic relationships within the genus. Zootaxa 3447: 56–68.
page(s): 65 [details]
additional source Veron JEN. (2000). Corals of the World. Vol. 1–3. <em>Australian Institute of Marine Science and CRR, Queensland, Australia.</em> [details]
additional source Nemenzo, F. 1976. Some new Philippine scleractinian reef corals. Natural and Applied Science Bulletin, University of the Philippines 28: 229-276, pls. 1-10.
page(s): 231, 246 [details]
additional source Scheer G, Pillai CSG. (1974). Report on Scleractinia from the Nicobar Islands. <em>Zoologica, Stuttgart.</em> 42(122): 1-75.
page(s): 9, 42-43, 75 [details]
additional source Umbgrove JHF. (1939). Madreporaria from the Bay of Batavia. <em>Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden.</em> 22: 1-64.
page(s): 10, 59 [details]
additional source Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427.
page(s): 6, 7, 19, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 170, 171, 172, 196-198, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 213, 215, 422, 425 Plate LXXXI, figs. 1, 1a, 1b [details]
additional source Crossland C (1952) Madreporaria, Hydrocorallinae, Heliopora and Tubipora. Scientific Report Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-29 VI(3): 85-257.
page(s): 94 [details]
additional source Milne Edwards H (1860) Histoire naturelle des coralliaires ou polypes proprement dits 3: 1-560. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris. (look up in IMIS)
page(s): 177 [details]
additional source Forsman, Z. H.; Birkeland, C. (2009). Porites randalli: a new coral species (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from American Samoa. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 2244: 51-59.
page(s): 52 [details]
additional source Milne Edwards H, Haime J (1851) Recherches sur les polypiers. Mémoire 7. Monographie des Poritides. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Series 3, 16: 21-70.
page(s): 33 [details]
additional source Pichon, M.; Benzoni, F. (2007). Taxonomic re-appraisal of zooxanthellate Scleractinian Corals in the Maldive Archipelago. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 1441: 21–33.
page(s): 31 [details]
additional source Reyes-Bonilla, H. (2002). Checklist of valid names and synonyms of stony corals (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) from the eastern Pacific. <em>Journal of Natural History.</em> 36(1): 1-13., available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/713833841 [details]
additional source Veron JEN, Marsh LM. (1988). Hermatypic corals of Western Australia : records and annotated species list. <em>Records Western Australian Museum Supplement.</em> 29: 1-136., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60555
page(s): 33, 65 [details]
additional source Durham JW. (1962). Corals from the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. <em>Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Fourth Series.</em> 32 (2): 41-56.
page(s): 42, 45, 46, 51 [details]
additional source Whitelegge, T. (1898). The Madroporaria of Funafuti. <em>The Australian Museum Memoir.</em> 3(6): 349-368.
page(s): 366-367 [details]
additional source Reyes J, Santodomingo N, Flórez P. (2010). Corales Escleractinios de Colombia. <em>Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (INVEMAR), Santa Marta, Colombia.</em> pp 1-246. [details]
additional source Boshoff, P.H. (1981). An annotated checklist of Southern Africa Scleractinia. <em>Oceanographic Research Institute Investigational Report, Durban.</em> 49: 1-45.
page(s): 18 [details]
additional source Fenner, D. P. (2005). Corals of Hawai'i. A Field Guide to the Hard, Black, and Soft Corals of Hawai'i and the Northwest Hawaiian Islands, Including Midway. <em>Mutual Publishing, Ltd., Honolulu.</em> 144 pp.
page(s): 8, 10, 20, 30, 128 [details]
additional source Rathbun, R. (1887). Annotated catalogue of the species of Porites and Synaraea in the U.S.N.M., with the description of a new species of Porites. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 10: 354-366
page(s): 364 [details]
additional source Veron, J. E. N. (2000). Corals of the World, Volume III: Families Mussidae, Faviidae, Trachyphylliidae, Poritidae. Australian Institute of Marine Science. Townsville., volume 3, pp. 490.
page(s): 284-285 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Siciliano, D.; Gulko, D.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Potts, D. C.; Aeby, G. (2004). Nihoa Island coral data compiled from Townsend Cromwell 2000, and Rapture 2000 and 2002 sites [Table 1]. Unpublished. [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Molina, M.; Kenyon, J. (2004). Palmyra Atoll coral data compiled from Townsend Cromwell 2000-2002, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2000-2001, and Sette 2004 surveys [Table 8]. UNPUBLISHED, UNPUBLISHED [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Gulko, D.; Aeby, G.; Potts, D. C. (2004). Gardner Pinnacles 2000-3 coral data compiled from Rapture 2000 and 2002, and Sette 2003 sites [Table 2]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Schmerfeld, J. (2004). Coral survey from Howland Island National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2004 [Table 3]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Potts, D. C.; Siciliano, D.; Aeby, G.; Kenyon, J.; Gulko, D. (2004). Necker Island coral data compiled from Rapture and Townsend Cromwell 2000 and 2002, and Sette 2003 surveys [Table 4]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Gulko, D. (2004). French Frigate Shoals coral data compiled from Townsend Cromwell 2000-2, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Rapture 2000 and 2002, and 2003 Sette surveys [Table 1]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Siciliano, D.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Aeby, G.; Kenyon, J.; Gulko, D.; Potts, D. C. (2004). Maro reef coral data compiled from Townsend Cromwell 2000 and 2002, American Islander 2001, Rapture 2000 and 2002, and Sette 2003 surveys [Table 9]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Kenyon, J. (2004). Rose Atoll coral data compiled from US Fish and Wildlife Service 1994, Townsend Cromwell 2002, and Sette 2004 surveys [Table 10]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Siciliano, D.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Gulko, D.; Aeby, G.; Kenyon, J.; Kenyon, J.; Potts, D. C. (2004). Pearl & Hermes Atoll coral data compiled from Rapture & Townsend Cromwell 2000 and 2002, American Islander 2001, and Sette 2003 surveys [Table 13]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Kenyon, J.; Dana, T.; Aeby, G.; Siciliano, D.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Gulko, D.; Potts, D. C. (2004). Midway Atoll coral data compiled from Rapture 2000 and 2002, Townsend Cromwell 2002, US Fish and Wildlife Service 2000, and Sette 2003 surveys [Table 14]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Potts, D. C.; Aeby, G.; Gulko, D.; Kenyon, J.; Siciliano, D.; VanRavenswaay, D. (2004). 2000-2002 rapid ecological assessment of coral (Anthozoa) on shallow reefs of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Part 1: Species and distribution. Pacific Science, 58(2): 211-230
page(s): 217, 219, 220, 223 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Aeby, G.; Gulko, D.; Kenyon, J.; Siciliano, D.; Potts, D. C. (2004). Kure Atoll coral data compiled from Rapture and Townsend Cromwell 2000 and 2002, and Sette 2003 surveys [Table 15]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E. (2004). Baker Island coral data [Table unnumbered]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 2 [details]
additional source DeFelice, R.; Minton, D.; Godwin, L. S. (2002). Records of Shallow-Water Marine Invertebrates from French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, with a Note on Noningenous Species: Report to U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Bishop Museum. Honolulu, Hawaii., pp. 78.
page(s): 6-12, 26, 51 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E. (1977). Order Scleractinia, Stony Corals. Dennis M. Devaney and Lucius G. Eldredge (eds.). Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu, Hawaii, pp. 84
page(s): 162, 164, 174, 176, 224-225, 227, 229 [details]
additional source Studer, T. (1901). Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific (Schauinsland 1896-1897). Madreporarier von Samoa, den Sandwich-Inseln und Laysan. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik, 14, 388
page(s): 421, 426 [details]
additional source Wells JW. (1954). Recent corals of the Marshall Islands: Bikini and nearby atolls, part 2, oceanography (biologic). <em>U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper.</em> 260(I): 385-486.
page(s): 393, 396, 397, 403, 452, pl. 166 [details]
additional source Pillai CSG. (1983). Structure and generic diversity of recent Scleractinia of India. <em>Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India.</em> 25, 1-2, 78-90.
page(s): 86 [details]
additional source Grigg, R. W.; Wells, J. W.; Wallace, C. C. (1981). Acropora in Hawaii. Part 1. History of the scientific record, systematics, and ecology. Pacific Science, 35(1): 1-13
page(s): 11 [details]
additional source Cornish, A. S.; DiDonato, E. M. (2004). Resurvey of a reef flat in American Samoa after 85 years reveals devastation to a soft coral (Alcyonacea) community. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48, 768-777
page(s): 773, 775 [details]
additional source Kühlmann, D. H. H. (2006). Die Steinkorallensammlung im Naturhistorischen Museum in Rudolstadt (Thüringen) nebst ökologischen Bemerkungen. Rudolstädter Naturhistorische Schriften, 13, 37-113
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additional source Wallace, C. C.; Fellegara, I.; Muir, P. R.; Harrison, P. L. (2009). The scleractinian corals of Moreton Bay, eastern Australia: high latitude, marginal assemblages with increasing species richness. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 54, 2
page(s): 9 [details]
additional source Dana, J. D. (1849). Atlas. Zoophytes. C. Sherman. Philadelphia., pp. 12-01
page(s): 11, 562 [details]
original description (of Porites baueri Squires, 1959) Squires, D. (1959). Result of the Puritan-American Museum of Natural History Expedition to Western Mexico 7. Corals and coral reefs in the Gulf of California. <em>Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History.</em> 118, 367-432. [details]
original description (of Porites excavata Verrill, 1870) Verrill, AE. (1868-1870). Notes on the Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera and species. No. 6. Review of the polyps and corals of the West Coast of America. <em>Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences.</em> 1: 377-558, pls. 5-10., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/34032#/summary [details]
original description (of Porites (Porites) lobata Dana, 1846) Dana, J.D. (1846-1849). Zoophytes. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838-1842. <em>Lea and Blanchard, Philadelphia.</em> 7: 1-740, 61 pls. (1846: 1-120, 709-720; 1848: 121-708, 721-740; 1849: atlas pls. 1-61)., available online at http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/usexex/navigation/ScientificText/USExEx19_08select.cfm [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. nodulosa Hoffmeister, 1925) Hoffmeister, J.E. (1925). Some corals from America Samoa and the Fiji Islands. <em>Papers from the Department of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.</em> 22: 1-90, pls. 1-23. [details]
original description (of Porites globosa Nemenzo, 1976) Nemenzo, F. 1976. Some new Philippine scleractinian reef corals. Natural and Applied Science Bulletin, University of the Philippines 28: 229-276, pls. 1-10. [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. lacera Vaughan, 1907) Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427. [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. infundibulum Vaughan, 1907) Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427. [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. parvicalyx Vaughan, 1907) Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427. [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. centralis alpha Vaughan, 1907) Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427. [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. centralis gamma Vaughan, 1907) Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427. [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. centralis beta Vaughan, 1907) Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427. [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. centralis delta Vaughan, 1907) Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427. [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. centralis epsilon Vaughan, 1907) Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427. [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. aperta Vaughan, 1907) Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427. [details]
original description (of Porites paschalensis Vaughan, 1906) Vaughan TW (1906) Report on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific. VI Madreporaria. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 50: 59-72, pls. 1-10. [details]
original description (of Porites lobata f. centralis Vaughan, 1918) Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427. [details]
context source (HKRMS) Ang, P. O.; McCorry, D.; Si, C. C. L. (2003). Establishing a reference collection and field guides for Hong Kong scleractinian coral. <em>Final report submitted to the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, The Hong Kong SAR Government.</em> [details]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record Veron JEN. (1986). Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific. <em>Angus & Robertson Publishers.</em> [details]
additional source Veron JEN, Pichon M, Wijsman-Best M. (1977). Scleractinia of Eastern Australia – Part II. Families Faviidae, Trachyphylliidae. <em>Australian Institute of Marine Science Monograph series.</em> 3: 1-233.
page(s): 167 [details]
additional source Reed, S.A., 1971. Some common Coelenterates in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. In: H.M. Lenhoff, L. Muscatine & L.V. Davis, eds, Experimental Coelenterate Biology : 37-51.
page(s): 41, 49 [details]
additional source Hoffmeister, J.E. (1925). Some corals from America Samoa and the Fiji Islands. <em>Papers from the Department of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.</em> 22: 1-90, pls. 1-23.
page(s): 12, 73 [details]
additional source Vaughan TW. (1918). Some shallow-water corals from Murray Island (Australia), Cocos-Keeling Island, and Fanning Island. <em>Papers from the Department of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.</em> 9 (213): 49-234, pls. 20-93. [details]
additional source Quelch JJ. (1886). Report on the Reef-corals collected by H.M.S. 'Challenger' during the years 1873-76. <em>Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Zoology.</em> 16 (46): 1-203, pl. 1-12., available online at http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-46/README.htm
page(s): 30, 202 [details]
additional source Verrill, A. E. (1864). List of the polyps and corals sent by the Museum of Comparative Zoology to other institutions in exchange, with annotations. <em>Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.</em> 1: 29-60., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6587563
page(s): 42 [details]
additional source Dana, J. D. (1846-1847). On Zoophytes. <em>The American Journal of Science and Arts, Second Series.</em> 2(4): 64-69; 2(5): 187-202; 3(7): 1-24; 3(8): 160-163; 3(9): 337-347. New-Haven., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28135503
page(s): 552, 562 [details]
additional source Cairns, S.D., B.W. Hoeksema & J. van der Land. (1999). Appendix: List of extant stony corals. <em>Atoll Research Bulletin.</em> 459: 13-46.
page(s): 38 [details]
additional source Robertson R. (1970). Review of the predators and parasites of stony Corals, with special reference to symbiotic Prosobranch Gastropods. <i>Pacific Science 24 (1)</i>: 43-54
page(s): 45 [details]
additional source Cairns, S.D., B.W. Hoeksema & J. van der Land. (2007). as a contribution to UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
[request] additional source Benzoni, F., Stefani, F. 2012. Porites fontanesii, a new species of hard coral (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from the southern Red Sea, the Gulf of Tadjoura, and the Gulf of Aden, and its phylogenetic relationships within the genus. Zootaxa 3447: 56–68.
page(s): 65 [details]
additional source Veron JEN. (2000). Corals of the World. Vol. 1–3. <em>Australian Institute of Marine Science and CRR, Queensland, Australia.</em> [details]
additional source Nemenzo, F. 1976. Some new Philippine scleractinian reef corals. Natural and Applied Science Bulletin, University of the Philippines 28: 229-276, pls. 1-10.
page(s): 231, 246 [details]
additional source Scheer G, Pillai CSG. (1974). Report on Scleractinia from the Nicobar Islands. <em>Zoologica, Stuttgart.</em> 42(122): 1-75.
page(s): 9, 42-43, 75 [details]
additional source Umbgrove JHF. (1939). Madreporaria from the Bay of Batavia. <em>Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden.</em> 22: 1-64.
page(s): 10, 59 [details]
additional source Vaughan TW. (1907). Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. <em>US National Museum Bulletin.</em> 59 (9): 1-427.
page(s): 6, 7, 19, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 170, 171, 172, 196-198, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 213, 215, 422, 425 Plate LXXXI, figs. 1, 1a, 1b [details]
additional source Crossland C (1952) Madreporaria, Hydrocorallinae, Heliopora and Tubipora. Scientific Report Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-29 VI(3): 85-257.
page(s): 94 [details]
additional source Milne Edwards H (1860) Histoire naturelle des coralliaires ou polypes proprement dits 3: 1-560. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris. (look up in IMIS)
page(s): 177 [details]
additional source Forsman, Z. H.; Birkeland, C. (2009). Porites randalli: a new coral species (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from American Samoa. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 2244: 51-59.
page(s): 52 [details]
additional source Milne Edwards H, Haime J (1851) Recherches sur les polypiers. Mémoire 7. Monographie des Poritides. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Series 3, 16: 21-70.
page(s): 33 [details]
additional source Pichon, M.; Benzoni, F. (2007). Taxonomic re-appraisal of zooxanthellate Scleractinian Corals in the Maldive Archipelago. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 1441: 21–33.
page(s): 31 [details]
additional source Reyes-Bonilla, H. (2002). Checklist of valid names and synonyms of stony corals (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) from the eastern Pacific. <em>Journal of Natural History.</em> 36(1): 1-13., available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/713833841 [details]
additional source Veron JEN, Marsh LM. (1988). Hermatypic corals of Western Australia : records and annotated species list. <em>Records Western Australian Museum Supplement.</em> 29: 1-136., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60555
page(s): 33, 65 [details]
additional source Durham JW. (1962). Corals from the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. <em>Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Fourth Series.</em> 32 (2): 41-56.
page(s): 42, 45, 46, 51 [details]
additional source Whitelegge, T. (1898). The Madroporaria of Funafuti. <em>The Australian Museum Memoir.</em> 3(6): 349-368.
page(s): 366-367 [details]
additional source Reyes J, Santodomingo N, Flórez P. (2010). Corales Escleractinios de Colombia. <em>Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (INVEMAR), Santa Marta, Colombia.</em> pp 1-246. [details]
additional source Boshoff, P.H. (1981). An annotated checklist of Southern Africa Scleractinia. <em>Oceanographic Research Institute Investigational Report, Durban.</em> 49: 1-45.
page(s): 18 [details]
additional source Fenner, D. P. (2005). Corals of Hawai'i. A Field Guide to the Hard, Black, and Soft Corals of Hawai'i and the Northwest Hawaiian Islands, Including Midway. <em>Mutual Publishing, Ltd., Honolulu.</em> 144 pp.
page(s): 8, 10, 20, 30, 128 [details]
additional source Rathbun, R. (1887). Annotated catalogue of the species of Porites and Synaraea in the U.S.N.M., with the description of a new species of Porites. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 10: 354-366
page(s): 364 [details]
additional source Veron, J. E. N. (2000). Corals of the World, Volume III: Families Mussidae, Faviidae, Trachyphylliidae, Poritidae. Australian Institute of Marine Science. Townsville., volume 3, pp. 490.
page(s): 284-285 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Siciliano, D.; Gulko, D.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Potts, D. C.; Aeby, G. (2004). Nihoa Island coral data compiled from Townsend Cromwell 2000, and Rapture 2000 and 2002 sites [Table 1]. Unpublished. [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Molina, M.; Kenyon, J. (2004). Palmyra Atoll coral data compiled from Townsend Cromwell 2000-2002, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2000-2001, and Sette 2004 surveys [Table 8]. UNPUBLISHED, UNPUBLISHED [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Gulko, D.; Aeby, G.; Potts, D. C. (2004). Gardner Pinnacles 2000-3 coral data compiled from Rapture 2000 and 2002, and Sette 2003 sites [Table 2]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Schmerfeld, J. (2004). Coral survey from Howland Island National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2004 [Table 3]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Potts, D. C.; Siciliano, D.; Aeby, G.; Kenyon, J.; Gulko, D. (2004). Necker Island coral data compiled from Rapture and Townsend Cromwell 2000 and 2002, and Sette 2003 surveys [Table 4]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Gulko, D. (2004). French Frigate Shoals coral data compiled from Townsend Cromwell 2000-2, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Rapture 2000 and 2002, and 2003 Sette surveys [Table 1]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Siciliano, D.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Aeby, G.; Kenyon, J.; Gulko, D.; Potts, D. C. (2004). Maro reef coral data compiled from Townsend Cromwell 2000 and 2002, American Islander 2001, Rapture 2000 and 2002, and Sette 2003 surveys [Table 9]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Kenyon, J. (2004). Rose Atoll coral data compiled from US Fish and Wildlife Service 1994, Townsend Cromwell 2002, and Sette 2004 surveys [Table 10]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Siciliano, D.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Gulko, D.; Aeby, G.; Kenyon, J.; Kenyon, J.; Potts, D. C. (2004). Pearl & Hermes Atoll coral data compiled from Rapture & Townsend Cromwell 2000 and 2002, American Islander 2001, and Sette 2003 surveys [Table 13]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Kenyon, J.; Dana, T.; Aeby, G.; Siciliano, D.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Gulko, D.; Potts, D. C. (2004). Midway Atoll coral data compiled from Rapture 2000 and 2002, Townsend Cromwell 2002, US Fish and Wildlife Service 2000, and Sette 2003 surveys [Table 14]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; Potts, D. C.; Aeby, G.; Gulko, D.; Kenyon, J.; Siciliano, D.; VanRavenswaay, D. (2004). 2000-2002 rapid ecological assessment of coral (Anthozoa) on shallow reefs of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Part 1: Species and distribution. Pacific Science, 58(2): 211-230
page(s): 217, 219, 220, 223 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E.; VanRavenswaay, D.; Aeby, G.; Gulko, D.; Kenyon, J.; Siciliano, D.; Potts, D. C. (2004). Kure Atoll coral data compiled from Rapture and Townsend Cromwell 2000 and 2002, and Sette 2003 surveys [Table 15]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E. (2004). Baker Island coral data [Table unnumbered]. UNPUBLISHED, Unpublished
page(s): 2 [details]
additional source DeFelice, R.; Minton, D.; Godwin, L. S. (2002). Records of Shallow-Water Marine Invertebrates from French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, with a Note on Noningenous Species: Report to U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Bishop Museum. Honolulu, Hawaii., pp. 78.
page(s): 6-12, 26, 51 [details]
additional source Maragos, J. E. (1977). Order Scleractinia, Stony Corals. Dennis M. Devaney and Lucius G. Eldredge (eds.). Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu, Hawaii, pp. 84
page(s): 162, 164, 174, 176, 224-225, 227, 229 [details]
additional source Studer, T. (1901). Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific (Schauinsland 1896-1897). Madreporarier von Samoa, den Sandwich-Inseln und Laysan. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik, 14, 388
page(s): 421, 426 [details]
additional source Wells JW. (1954). Recent corals of the Marshall Islands: Bikini and nearby atolls, part 2, oceanography (biologic). <em>U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper.</em> 260(I): 385-486.
page(s): 393, 396, 397, 403, 452, pl. 166 [details]
additional source Pillai CSG. (1983). Structure and generic diversity of recent Scleractinia of India. <em>Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India.</em> 25, 1-2, 78-90.
page(s): 86 [details]
additional source Grigg, R. W.; Wells, J. W.; Wallace, C. C. (1981). Acropora in Hawaii. Part 1. History of the scientific record, systematics, and ecology. Pacific Science, 35(1): 1-13
page(s): 11 [details]
additional source Cornish, A. S.; DiDonato, E. M. (2004). Resurvey of a reef flat in American Samoa after 85 years reveals devastation to a soft coral (Alcyonacea) community. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48, 768-777
page(s): 773, 775 [details]
additional source Kühlmann, D. H. H. (2006). Die Steinkorallensammlung im Naturhistorischen Museum in Rudolstadt (Thüringen) nebst ökologischen Bemerkungen. Rudolstädter Naturhistorische Schriften, 13, 37-113
page(s): 62, 75, 87, 112 [details]
additional source Wallace, C. C.; Fellegara, I.; Muir, P. R.; Harrison, P. L. (2009). The scleractinian corals of Moreton Bay, eastern Australia: high latitude, marginal assemblages with increasing species richness. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 54, 2
page(s): 9 [details]
additional source Dana, J. D. (1849). Atlas. Zoophytes. C. Sherman. Philadelphia., pp. 12-01
page(s): 11, 562 [details]
Present Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
Cotype (of Porites lobata f. centralis Vaughan, 1918) USNM 22241, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype HLD X2: 127-17, geounit Indian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype HLD X2: 153-10, geounit Indian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype NMSR 8994, geounit French Polynesian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype NMSR 8995, geounit Indian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype SUD 7, geounit Philippines Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 105-73, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 136-74, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 142-77, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 151-88, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 268-78, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 371-77, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 421-85, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 440-85, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 449-86, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 450-85, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 453-85, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 471-85, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 516-79, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 517-79, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 518-79, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 527-86, geounit Ashmore-Cartier Is. [details]
Nontype WAM 55-81, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 589-78, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 66-72, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 879-86, geounit Ashmore-Cartier Is. [details]
Nontype WAM 921-85, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 982-79, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Paratype (of Porites lobata f. centralis Vaughan, 1918) USNM 22239, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Paratype (of Porites lobata f. centralis Vaughan, 1918) USNM 22678, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Paratype (of Porites lobata f. lacera Vaughan, 1907) USNM 20909, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Syntype (of Porites lobata f. aperta Vaughan, 1907) USNM 20921, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Syntype (of Porites lobata f. aperta Vaughan, 1907) USNM 20924, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Unknown type (of Porites lobata f. centralis Vaughan, 1918) USNM 20927, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Unknown type USNM 652 [details]
From editor or global species database
Biology zooxanthellate [details]From other sources
Description Colonies reach several metres diameter. A rough first guide to distinguishing this species from Porites lutea seems to be that, whereas the latter grows either vertical ridges or vertically projecting columns, P. lobata tends to develop drooping lobes. However, colonies of both may be equally irregular. The septal triplet have free margins, and hence resemble P. solida rather than P. lutea. It is found in very similar habitat to P. lutea, forming huge colonies in clear water to about 15 m deep (Sheppard, 1998).Colonies are hemispherical or helmet-shaped and may be very large. Colour: usually cream or pale brown but may be bright blue, purple or green in shallow water. Abundance: very common and frequently a dominant, with P. lutea and P. australiensis. Of back reef margins, lagoons and some fringing reef (Veron, 1986). [details]
Type locality Fiji (Veron, 1986). [details]
To Barcode of Life (14 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (12 publications) (from synonym Porites excavata Verrill, 1870)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (4 publications) (from synonym Porites baueri Squires, 1959)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (44 publications)
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL)
To European Nucleotide Archive (ENA)
To GenBank (863 nucleotides; 353 proteins)
To IUCN Red List (Near Threatened)
To NMNH Extant Collection (IZCOE652verycloseup)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (204 records)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (3 records) (from synonym Porites baueri Squires, 1959)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (4 records)
To ITIS
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (12 publications) (from synonym Porites excavata Verrill, 1870)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (4 publications) (from synonym Porites baueri Squires, 1959)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (44 publications)
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL)
To European Nucleotide Archive (ENA)
To GenBank (863 nucleotides; 353 proteins)
To IUCN Red List (Near Threatened)
To NMNH Extant Collection (IZCOE652verycloseup)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (204 records)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (3 records) (from synonym Porites baueri Squires, 1959)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (4 records)
To ITIS
