WoRMS taxon details

Prorocentrum rhathymum Loeblich III, Sherley & Schmidt, 1979

232298  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:232298)

accepted
Species
marine
Loeblich A.R.III, Sherley,J.L. & Schmidt R.J. 1979. The correct position of flagellar insertion in <i>Procentrum</i> and description of <i>Prorocentrum rhathymum</i> sp. nov. (Pyrrophyta). J. Plankton Res. 1:113-120. [details]   
Type locality contained in St. Johns (United Kingdom Ward)  
type locality contained in St. Johns (United Kingdom Ward) [details]
LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:105770  
LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:105770 [details]

Description Oval to oblong, asymmetric cells with smooth thecal surface with characteristic pore pattern (one apical row, posterior...  
Description Oval to oblong, asymmetric cells with smooth thecal surface with characteristic pore pattern (one apical row, posterior radial rows in shallow thecal furrows). Large pores, each located in a depression. A foveate (“rugose”) ornamentation has been reported by Faust (1990a). Plate centre devoid of pores. The periflagellar area is wide V-shaped. Nine platelets. Wing on platelet 1. Second shorter wing, more a list, at the most ventral platelet. Oval nucleus posterior. Specimens with pyrenoid recorded only in one study (Mohammad-Noor et al. 2007b).  [details]

Status The species was suggested by Gomez et al. (2017) to be a synonym of Prorocentrum mexicanum. However, the two species differ...  
Status The species was suggested by Gomez et al. (2017) to be a synonym of Prorocentrum mexicanum. However, the two species differ in both morphology and ecology. P. rhathymum is a benthic marine dinoflagellate with a characteristic pattern of trichocyst pores on the thecal plates, some of which are arranged in radiating lines towards the lateral sides. P. mexicanum is from the marine phytoplankton and it is unclear from the original description whether it has radiating lines of trichocyst pores (likely not), the pores are scattered on thecal surface. See Hoppenrath et al. (2014) for further information on P. rhathymum. Cells of P. rhathymum are smooth (young cells) or rugose (old cells, see Faust 1990). The latter were described by Gomez et al. (2017) as P. steidingerae. Further studies of the species complex (P. mexicanum, P. rhathymum, P. steidingeae) are needed to clarify species delimitations and synonymy. [details]
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Prorocentrum rhathymum Loeblich III, Sherley & Schmidt, 1979. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=232298 on 2024-03-28
Date
action
by
2006-07-24 06:50:08Z
created
2008-11-21 08:21:07Z
checked
2015-06-26 12:00:51Z
changed
2017-07-28 14:39:02Z
changed
2019-12-14 23:12:34Z
changed
2021-08-27 06:27:33Z
changed

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original description Loeblich A.R.III, Sherley,J.L. & Schmidt R.J. 1979. The correct position of flagellar insertion in <i>Procentrum</i> and description of <i>Prorocentrum rhathymum</i> sp. nov. (Pyrrophyta). J. Plankton Res. 1:113-120. [details]   

basis of record Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2023). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]   

additional source Tomas, C.R. (Ed.). (1997). Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp., available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780126930184 [details]   

additional source Carlson R.D. & Tindall D.R. 1985. Distribution and periodicity of toxic dinoflagellates in the Virgin Islands. In: <i>Toxic Dinoflagellates</i> (Ed. by D.M. Anderson, A.W. White & D.G. Baden), pp. 171-176. Elsevier, New York. [details]   

additional source Bomber, J. W.; Aikman, K. E. (1988). The ciguatera dinoflagellates. <em>Biol. Oceanogr.</em> 6: 291-311. [details]   

additional source Steidinger, K. A., M. A. Faust, and D. U. Hernández-Becerril. 2009. Dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 131–154 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College [details]   

additional source Moestrup, Ø., Akselman, R., Cronberg, G., Elbraechter, M., Fraga, S., Halim, Y., Hansen, G., Hoppenrath, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Nguyen, L. N., Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae., available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/HAB [details]   

additional source Hoppenrath, M.; Murray, S. A.; Chomérat, N.; Horiguchi, T. (2014). Marine benthic dinoflagellates - unravelling their worldwide biodiversity. <em>Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe.</em> 54: 1-276. (look up in IMIS[details]   

additional source Chomérat, N.; Bilien, G.; Zentz, F. (2019). A taxonomical study of benthic Prorocentrum species (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae) from Anse Dufour (Martinique Island, eastern Caribbean Sea). <em>Marine Biodiversity.</em> 49(3): 1299-1319., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0913-6 [details]   

additional source Hoppenrath, M.; Chomérat, N.; Horiguchi, T.; Schweikert, M.; Nagahama, Y.; Murray, S. (2013). Taxonomy and phylogeny of the benthic Prorocentrum species (Dinophyceae)—A proposal and review. <em>Harmful Algae.</em> 27: 1-28., available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2013.03.006 [details]   

status source Gómez, F.; Qiu, D.; Lin, S. (2017). The Synonymy of the Toxic Dinoflagellates <i>Prorocentrum mexicanum</i> and <i>P. rhathymum</i> and the Description of <i>P. steidingerae</i> sp. nov. (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae). <em>Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.</em> , available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12403 [details]   

toxicology source Nakajima I., Oshima Y. & Yasumoto T. 1981. Toxicity of benthic dinoflagellates in Okinawa. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 47: 1029-1033.  [details]   
 
 Present  Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio   Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
   

From editor or global species database
LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:105770 [details]

From regional or thematic species database
Description Oval to oblong, asymmetric cells with smooth thecal surface with characteristic pore pattern (one apical row, posterior radial rows in shallow thecal furrows). Large pores, each located in a depression. A foveate (“rugose”) ornamentation has been reported by Faust (1990a). Plate centre devoid of pores. The periflagellar area is wide V-shaped. Nine platelets. Wing on platelet 1. Second shorter wing, more a list, at the most ventral platelet. Oval nucleus posterior. Specimens with pyrenoid recorded only in one study (Mohammad-Noor et al. 2007b).  [details]

Harmful effect Material from Malaysia is known to produce okadaic acid (Caillaud et al. 2010). The identity of the material as P. rhathymum was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.
Material from Florida (An et al. 2010), found in laboratory studies to produce okadaic acid, was not illustrated but was found to be almost identical in ITS sequences to the Malaysian material. It therefore most likely represents P. rhathymum.  [details]

Identification Similar species: P. caribbaeum and the planktonic P. mexicanum. Remarks: The different cell shape and pore pattern can be used to distinguish P. rhathymum from P. caribaeum. P. mexicanum has a different shape and thecal ornamentation including pore pattern and an apical wing-shaped spine terminating into two or three tips.
 [details]

Status The species was suggested by Gomez et al. (2017) to be a synonym of Prorocentrum mexicanum. However, the two species differ in both morphology and ecology. P. rhathymum is a benthic marine dinoflagellate with a characteristic pattern of trichocyst pores on the thecal plates, some of which are arranged in radiating lines towards the lateral sides. P. mexicanum is from the marine phytoplankton and it is unclear from the original description whether it has radiating lines of trichocyst pores (likely not), the pores are scattered on thecal surface. See Hoppenrath et al. (2014) for further information on P. rhathymum. Cells of P. rhathymum are smooth (young cells) or rugose (old cells, see Faust 1990). The latter were described by Gomez et al. (2017) as P. steidingerae. Further studies of the species complex (P. mexicanum, P. rhathymum, P. steidingeae) are needed to clarify species delimitations and synonymy. [details]