CaRMS taxon details
original description
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. <em>Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae.</em> , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 page(s): 246 [details] Available for editors
context source (Deepsea)
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), available online at http://www.iobis.org/ [details]
context source (HKRMS)
ERM. (1998). Fisheries resources and fishing operations in Hong Kong waters. Final report. Submitted to Agriculture & Fisheries Department, The Hong Kong SAR Government. [details]
context source (PeRMS)
Chirichigno, N.; Cornejo, M. (2001). Catálogo comentado de los peces marinos del Perú. <em>2ª ed. Instituto del Mar de Perú. Publicación Especial. Callao.</em> 314 p. [details]
basis of record
van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 357-374 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Fritzsche, 1978 [details]
additional source
McEachran, J. D. (2009). Fishes (Vertebrata: Pisces) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1223–1316 in: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
additional source
Wheeler, A. (1992). A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. <i>J. Fish Biol. 41(Suppl. A)</i>: 1-37 (look up in IMIS) page(s): 246 [details]
additional source
Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023)., available online at https://www.fishbase.org [details]
ecology source
Looby, A.; Erbe, C.; Bravo, S.; Cox, K.; Davies, H. L.; Di Iorio, L.; Jézéquel, Y.; Juanes, F.; Martin, C. W.; Mooney, T. A.; Radford, C.; Reynolds, L. K.; Rice, A. N.; Riera, A.; Rountree, R.; Spriel, B.; Stanley, J.; Vela, S.; Parsons, M. J. G. (2023). Global inventory of species categorized by known underwater sonifery. <em>Scientific Data.</em> 10(1). (look up in IMIS), available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02745-4 [details]
From other sources
Description Occurs on continental shelf, occasionally in shallow waters and at surface at night. Generally found on muddy bottoms of shallow coastal waters and may often penetrate estuaries (Ref.9351). Immature fish feed mostly on euphausiids, small pelagic planktonic crustaceans, small fishes while adults feed on anchovies, sardines, myctophiids etc. and occasionally on squids and crustaceans. Adults and juveniles have opposing complementary vertical diurnal feeding migration. Large adults usually feed on pelagic prey near the surface during the daytime and migrate to the bottom at night. Juveniles and small adults form schools 100 m above the bottom during the daytime and form loose feeding aggregations at night-time near the surface where they prey on planktonic organisms. Caught in estuaries and offshore waters throughout the world (Ref. 9688). Also caught with encircling nets (Ref. 9351). Marketed salted/dried and also frozen (Ref. 9351). Excellent taste when fried or grilled; also for sashimi when fresh. [details]
Distribution Worldwide distribution, except eastern Pacific, in warm seas. Western Atlantic north to Massachusetts, common from Chesapeake Bay south. [details]
Habitat nektonic [details]
From editor or global species database
From other sources
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