Deep-Sea source details
Maldonado, M. (2002[2004]). Family Pachastrellidae Carter, 1875. Pp.141-162. In: Hooper, J.N.A., van Soest,R.W.M. (eds) Systema Porifera. A Guide to the Classification of Sponges (2 volumes). Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publ., New York. 1708+xlviii. ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5 (eBook electronic version).
404332
Maldonado, M.
2002[2004]
Family Pachastrellidae Carter, 1875. Pp.141-162.
In: Hooper, J.N.A., van Soest,R.W.M. (eds) Systema Porifera. A Guide to the Classification of Sponges (2 volumes). Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publ., New York
1708+xlviii. ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5 (eBook electronic version)
Publication
Available for editors 
Pachastrellidae Carter (Demospongiae: Astrophorida), including Theneidae Carter, contains 12 valid genera and 2 subgenera. Most genera contain cup-like, massive, and submassive species and are distributed from tropical to high latitudes, mostly in epibathyal and bathyal
habitats. A few genera also include encrusting or cavity-filling forms found predominantly in tropical or temperate shallow-water habitats. This astrophorid family is defined by the possession of tetraxons (calthrops, short-shafted triaenes, mesotriaene-derived desmas, or longshafted triaenes) in combination with streptasters (never euasters) and in most cases by monaxonic microscleres (Le., microxeas, microstyles and microstrongyles). The microscleres are densely packed at the ectosome forming a feltwork. The relationship between genera possessing a typical pachastrellid skeleton and some genera bearing tetraxial desmas other than mesotriaene-derived desmas (mesotriders), which have traditional been included in Lithistida, is still a matter of contention.
Systematics, Taxonomy
Date
action
by
Ancorella Lendenfeld, 1907 (basis of record)
Ancorella paulini Lendenfeld, 1907 (basis of record)
Annulastrella Maldonado, 2002 (original description)
Characella Sollas, 1886 (basis of record)
Characella aspera Sollas, 1886 (basis of record)
Characella connectens (Schmidt, 1870) (basis of record)
Characella pachastrelloides (Carter, 1876) (basis of record)
Chelotropaena Lendenfeld, 1907 accepted as Poecillastra Sollas, 1888 (basis of record)
Chelotropaena tenuirhabda Lendenfeld, 1907 accepted as Poecillastra tenuirhabda (Lendenfeld, 1907) (basis of record)
Cladothenea Koltun, 1964 (basis of record)
Cladothenea andriashevi Koltun, 1964 (basis of record)
Clavellomorpha Hansen, 1885 accepted as Thenea Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Clavellomorpha minima Hansen, 1885 accepted as Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858) (basis of record)
Dorvillia Kent, 1870 accepted as Thenea Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Nethea Sollas, 1888 (basis of record)
Nethea amygdaloides (Carter, 1876) (basis of record)
Normania Bowerbank, 1869 accepted as Poecillastra Sollas, 1888 (basis of record)
Normania tenuilaminaris Sollas, 1886 accepted as Poecillastra tenuilaminaris (Sollas, 1886) (basis of record)
Pachastrella Schmidt, 1868 (basis of record)
Pachastrella monilifera Schmidt, 1868 (basis of record)
Pachastrella ovisternata Lendenfeld, 1894 (basis of record)
Pachastrellidae Carter, 1875 (additional source)
Poecillastra Sollas, 1888 (basis of record)
Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866) (basis of record)
Sphinctrella Schmidt, 1870 accepted as Vulcanella Sollas, 1886 (basis of record)
Sphinctrella horrida Schmidt, 1870 accepted as Vulcanella horrida (Schmidt, 1870) (basis of record)
Stelletta pachastrelloides Carter, 1876 accepted as Characella pachastrelloides (Carter, 1876) (basis of record)
Thenea Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858) (basis of record)
Theneidae Gray, 1872 (basis of record)
Tisiphonia Thomson, 1869 accepted as Thenea Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Triptolemma Laubenfels, 1955 (basis of record)
Triptolemma intextum (Carter, 1876) (basis of record)
Vulcanella Sollas, 1886 (basis of record)
Vulcanella (Vulcanella) Sollas, 1886 accepted as Vulcanella Sollas, 1886 (basis of record)
Wyvillethomsonia Wright, 1870 accepted as Thenea Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Yodomia Lebwohl, 1914 accepted as Characella Sollas, 1886 (basis of record)
Ancorella paulini Lendenfeld, 1907 (basis of record)
Annulastrella Maldonado, 2002 (original description)
Characella Sollas, 1886 (basis of record)
Characella aspera Sollas, 1886 (basis of record)
Characella connectens (Schmidt, 1870) (basis of record)
Characella pachastrelloides (Carter, 1876) (basis of record)
Chelotropaena Lendenfeld, 1907 accepted as Poecillastra Sollas, 1888 (basis of record)
Chelotropaena tenuirhabda Lendenfeld, 1907 accepted as Poecillastra tenuirhabda (Lendenfeld, 1907) (basis of record)
Cladothenea Koltun, 1964 (basis of record)
Cladothenea andriashevi Koltun, 1964 (basis of record)
Clavellomorpha Hansen, 1885 accepted as Thenea Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Clavellomorpha minima Hansen, 1885 accepted as Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858) (basis of record)
Dorvillia Kent, 1870 accepted as Thenea Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Nethea Sollas, 1888 (basis of record)
Nethea amygdaloides (Carter, 1876) (basis of record)
Normania Bowerbank, 1869 accepted as Poecillastra Sollas, 1888 (basis of record)
Normania tenuilaminaris Sollas, 1886 accepted as Poecillastra tenuilaminaris (Sollas, 1886) (basis of record)
Pachastrella Schmidt, 1868 (basis of record)
Pachastrella monilifera Schmidt, 1868 (basis of record)
Pachastrella ovisternata Lendenfeld, 1894 (basis of record)
Pachastrellidae Carter, 1875 (additional source)
Poecillastra Sollas, 1888 (basis of record)
Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866) (basis of record)
Sphinctrella Schmidt, 1870 accepted as Vulcanella Sollas, 1886 (basis of record)
Sphinctrella horrida Schmidt, 1870 accepted as Vulcanella horrida (Schmidt, 1870) (basis of record)
Stelletta pachastrelloides Carter, 1876 accepted as Characella pachastrelloides (Carter, 1876) (basis of record)
Thenea Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858) (basis of record)
Theneidae Gray, 1872 (basis of record)
Tisiphonia Thomson, 1869 accepted as Thenea Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Triptolemma Laubenfels, 1955 (basis of record)
Triptolemma intextum (Carter, 1876) (basis of record)
Vulcanella Sollas, 1886 (basis of record)
Vulcanella (Vulcanella) Sollas, 1886 accepted as Vulcanella Sollas, 1886 (basis of record)
Wyvillethomsonia Wright, 1870 accepted as Thenea Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Yodomia Lebwohl, 1914 accepted as Characella Sollas, 1886 (basis of record)
