original description
Bowerbank, J.S. (1862). On the Anatomy and Physiology of the Spongiadae. Part III On the Generic Characters, the Specific Characters, and on the Method of Examination. <em>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.</em> 152(2): 1087-1135, pls LXXII-LXXIV.
page(s): P. 1105; note: First described as a sponge genus. [details]
basis of record
Gross, O. (2001). Foraminifera, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 60-75 (look up in IMIS) [details]
redescription
Loeblich A. R. (1958). The foraminferal genus Halyphysema and two new tropical pacific species. <em>Proceedings of the United States National Museum.</em> 107[1959]: 123-126., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37074630 [details]
From editor or global species database
Diagnosis Test attached, with spreading and internally subdivided basal expansion, and later erect conical, clavate, tubular, or branching chamber; wall agglutinated, that of basal expansion of finest particles, and may include fragments of sponge spicules, erect portion with sand, tests of other foraminifers, or sponge spicules that are oriented in the direction of test growth; aperture terminal, rounded, may be obscured by a cluster of sponge spicules surrounding the opening; pseudopodial network with pronounced granular streaming; multinucleate. Holocene; Atlantic; Caribbean; Pacific. (Loeblich & Tappan, 1987, Foraminiferal Genera and Their Classification) [details]
From editor or global species database