- Chaetoceros affinis Lauder, 1864
- Chaetoceros curvisetus Cleve, 1889
- Chaetoceros dichaeta Ehrenberg, 1844
- Chaetoceros dichaetus Ehrenberg, 1844 accepted as Chaetoceros dichaeta Ehrenberg, 1844
- Chaetoceros insignis Proschkina-Lavrenko, 1955 (uncertain > unassessed)
- Chaetoceros schuttii Cleve accepted as Chaetoceros affinis Lauder, 1864
- Chaetoceros similis Cleve, 1896
- Chaetoceros socialis H.S.Lauder, 1864
- Chaetoceros willei Gran, 1897 (uncertain > unassessed)