Property:Definition
From MarineSpecies Introduced Traits Wiki
This is a property of type Text. It links to pages that use the form MstConcept.
F
Shaped like a fan, fanlike (Brusca, 1980). +
Flattened ellipsoid (Olenina ''et al.'', 2006) +
An indication of how far an organism can bend/flex without breaking or suffering damage -
High (>45°) / Low (10 – 45°) / None (<10°) +
A species which exhibits fluctuating densities (either undefined in the literature or otherwise not mentioned in the abundance terms/parameters described here). +
An organism able to propel itself though the air e.g. using wings, such as winged insects, birds +
Seabirds +
Stealing food from other birds in flight +
Description of the source of the organisms nurishment, i.e. what it feeds on +
Seabirds/Wader +
Seabirds/Wader +
A dense stand of large plants in which the upper branches (trees) or laminae (macroalgae) overlap to form a canopy that shades the under story of flora and fauna. +
An organism that forms a large area of close individuals forming a canopy (e.g. trees, large kelps). +
1) Length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the posterior end of the middle caudal rays. This measurement is used instead of standard length for fishes on which it is difficult to ascertain the end of the vertebral column, and instead of total length in fish with stiff, forked tail, e.g., tuna. Mostly used in fishery biology and not in systematics. (FishBase)
2) Fork length (FL) refers to the length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the end of the middle caudal fin rays and is used in fishes in which it is difficult to tell where the vertebral column ends. (Wikipedia)
3) Fork length (FL) can be specified as:<ul><li>Maximum length: Size (in cm) of the largest male/unsexed or female specimen ever caught. (FishBase)<li>Common length: Size (in cm) at which male/unsexed or female specimen(s) are commonly caught or marketed. (FishBase)</ul> +
Free living - little modification +
Eggs spawned into water column +
<0.5 psu +
Shaped like a funnel +
G
Descriptors of the relative size of gametes +
The mean period of time between reproduction by parent generation and the reproduction of the first filial generation (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998); recorded in years. +
Where the species degrades native genetic resources (by hybridizing with native fauna/flora). +
Specialist - e.g. planktivorous fish such as basking shark +
Where the respiratory organs also power and/or provide a feeding apparatus (muco-cilliary feeding) +
An organism that is able to glide through the air (e.g. using some form of membrane) but cannot propel itself through the air (e.g. flying fish) +
Specialist larval form in some freshwater bivalves, characterized by a bivalve shell, with or with a pair of hooks, and a long adhesive thread or tentacle. It lives as a temporary parasite on the gills or fins of fish. In some species a modified glochidium is termed a 'lasidium' before attachment and a 'haustorium' after attachment (Stachowitsch, 1992). +
Free-swimming four armed (lobed) ciliated larva of Platyhelminthes (see Ruppert & Barnes, 1994). +
Having separate sexes/genders (Barnes ''et al.'', 1993). +
fibrous protein in the mesoglea of sea fans (gorgonians) which forms the stiff skeleton of the colony. +
Appendages bear grasping claws (chelae) - e.g. arthropods, crabs, scorpions +
Vertebrate hands, feat, paws etc designed to grasp food items using claws, talons etc. +
1) Particle size 4 -16 mm. 2) Clean stone or shell gravel including dead maerl (Hiscock, 1996) 3) >80% gravel (Long, 2006). +
Mud with 5-30% gravel (see Long, 2006) +
Sand (50-90%) with gravel (>5%) and mud (see Long, 2006) +
Sand with 5-30% gravel (see Long 2006) +
Feeding on herbage, algae or phytoplankton by consuming the whole plant or the surface growth (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998) +
Generally mobile consumers of sessile prey (e.g. plants, hydroids) cropping exposed tissues usually without killing the whole individual or colony. +
Animals that rasp benthic algae (or sessile animals, such as bryozoan crusts) from the surface of macroalgal fronds and blades (Hiscock ''et al.'', 1999). +
Animals that rasp benthic algae (or sessile animals, such as bryozoan crusts) from inorganic particles e.g. sand grains (MarLIN; Hiscock ''et al.'', 1999). +
Animals that rasp benthic algae (or sessile animals, such as bryozoan crusts) from the substratum (MarLIN; Hiscock ''et al.'', 1999). +
Living in groups or communities, growing in clusters (Thompson, 1995) - where the organisms actively seek out members of the same species as adult or larvae/juveniles for protection from the environment, predators or for breeding +
Common in OSPAR Regions II, III +
seabirds? +
Deterministic growth or indeterminate growth resulting in single unitary individuals or modular (colonial) organisms. +
(expressed as µm, mm, cm per day/month/year) +
H
Traits that describe an organisms preferred habitat and its position within that habitat. +
A general term to describe how the organism lives in or interacts with its habitat (adapted from BIOTIC, Bolam ''et al.'', 2013). +
The Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC) ensures the conservation of a wide range of rare, threatened or endemic animal and plant species. Some 200 rare and characteristic habitat types are also targeted for conservation in their own right.
All in all, over 1.000 animal and plant species, as well as 200 habitat types, listed in the directive's annexes are protected in various ways. +
(needs a definition) +
Annex II species (about 900): core areas of their habitat are designated as sites of Community importance (SCIs) and included in the Natura 2000 network. These sites must be managed in accordance with the ecological needs of the species. +
(needs a definition) +
Annex IV species (over 400, including many annex II species): a strict protection regime must be applied across their entire natural range within the EU, both within and outside Natura 2000 sites. +
Annex V species (over 90): Member States must ensure that their exploitation and taking in the wild is compatible with maintaining them in a favourable conservation status. +
(needs a definition) +
Occupying the ocean floor at depths exceeding ca 6000 m. Usually in trenches and canyons of the abyssal zone. (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998). +
Open waters of deep oceanic trenches, from ca 6000 m and below. +
Half cone with flattened ellipsoid (Olenina ''et al.'', 2006) +
Half parallelepiped (Olenina ''et al.'', 2006) +
Half sphere (dome) +
Both haploid and diploid forms, with gametophytes giving rise to haploid gametes, and sporophytes giving rise to haploid spores by meiosis +
A life cycle in which meiosis occurs in the zygote to produce the haploid phase but in which only the zygote is diploid (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998). +
Immobile hard substratum e.g. solid rock, concrete but including soft rocks, such as chalk. +
Mobile hard substratum, e.g. cobbles, pebbles that are regularly moved by wave action. +
Attached or stuck to hard substrata, e.g. dog whelk capsules +
Height above the surface of the substratum of an individual or single modular colony. e.g a blade of seagrass, a seaweed thallus, projecting tube worm, upright sea pen etc. +
The haploid and diploid phases are different in size and body shape; the gametophyte is often diminutive (small to microscopic). +
An organism that obtains nourishment from exogenous (external) organic material (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998). +
Calcite where more then 8wt.% CaCO3 is substituted by MgCO3. +
An organism that provides food or shelter for another organisms, e.g. the inhabited symbiont. May be a definitive host infected by an adult stage or an intermediate host infected by life stages (see Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998). +
Where the species impacts human health. +
Skeletal support provided by hydrostatic pressure from a fluid filled cavity (e.g. the coelum) surrounded by muscles. Hydrostatic pressure provides skeletal support in sea anemones, jellyfish, nematodes, annelids, echinoderms, and other groups. +
>40 psu +
Living above but close to the substratum (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998). +
I
Provides taxonomic, conservation status, and distribution information on taxa that are facing a high risk of global extinction. http://www.iucnredlist.org/ +
Sea ice, icebergs and other ice-associated marine habitats. +
Information on the impact of introduced and invasive marine species has been recorded. These include impacts on native species, their habitats and ecosystems, human health and activity, transmission of diseases, etc. Descriptive terms of impacts were standardized and listed in a look-up table. These terms have been adapted from Hayes (2005). +
Species that have been introduced and maintained in captivity or cultivated for example those species that are farmed in aquaculture or mariculture facilities. +
Independant, individual organisms +
This describes any situation in which an invasive species is "accidentally" set free in the wild from aquaria sources leading to its introduction into a new area/region. +
This describes any situation in which an invasive species is intentionally planted or set free in the wild leading to its introduction into a new area/region. +
Where the species affects the behaviour of native species. +
A subzone of the sublittoral in which upward-facing rocks are dominated by erect algae, typically kelps; it can be further subdivided into the upper and lower infralittoral (based on Hiscock, 1985). The term is also used by Glémarec (1973) to refer to areas (étages) with a eurythermal environment of great seasonal and also daily and tidal amplitude. 1) lower The part of the infralittoral subzone which, on hard substrata, supports scattered kelp plants (a kelp park) or from which kelps are absent altogether and the seabed is dominated by foliose red and brown algae. It may be difficult to distinguish the lower infralittoralwhere grazing pressure prevents the establishment of foliose algae. 2) upper The part of the infralittoral subzone which, on hardsubstrata, is dominated by Laminariales forming a dense canopy, or kelp forest (based on Hiscock, 1985). +
Specialist - modified siphon to capture prey +
A symbiotic association in which one symbiont lives in close association with another, generally in the tube or burrow or actually within a body chamber of the host (Brusca, 1980). +
Liable to suffer minor damage, chips or cracks as result of physical impacts. +
Fertilization (gametes meet) within the body (or body cavity or accessory organ) of the individual +
Living within the system of cavities and channels formed by the spaces between grains in a sediment (interstitial space). +
Terms and definitions used in the World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRIMS). +
Country or sea area that is recorded as the known introduced range of the species. +
