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• Emergency Protection
  *Unexpected can be in the form of a rare of extreme event, such as a tidal wave situation or the passage of cyclone
  2 KB (355 words) - 12:09, 16 September 2020
• Waves
  ...ve will be shoaling and can reach a height of more than 10 m. Tsunamis are rare and coastal projects seldom take them into account. However, in very sensit
  20 KB (2,992 words) - 16:09, 14 February 2024
• Wave climate classification according to wind climate
  ...y peaking during January in the Southern Hemisphere. Tropical cyclones are rare and therefore recording programmes seldom document the resulting waves. A t
  6 KB (946 words) - 12:13, 16 September 2020
• Argus video monitoring system
  ...Research Facility (FRF), showing that simple or rhythmic morphologies are rare, with the median system state being a complex pattern. The simplicity and r
  13 KB (1,959 words) - 15:21, 6 April 2021
• Submarine groundwater discharge
  ...during its temporary invasion of the coastal aquifer with trace elements, rare earth elements, nutrients, and dissolved inorganic and organic carbon throu
  31 KB (4,626 words) - 12:46, 12 August 2021
• Development of a geographical dictionary in the context of NOKIS
  ...ial objects. The usability of satellite images or maps without toponyms is rare. For this reason Google Earth has implemented a gazetteer which is based on Especially for names in rare languages and dialectic forms the documentation of the speech-sound appears
  29 KB (4,440 words) - 23:52, 28 July 2019
• French case studies: Dynamic of swash bar and hook spit formation in megatidal environment, Regneville Inlet (Normandy, France)
  ...spring tides coincide with wave heights up to 1.5 m, but these events are rare (deepwater wave heights exceeding 2.5 m occur less than 2% of the time, and
  13 KB (1,979 words) - 17:37, 1 July 2020
• Measurements of biodiversity
  ...Review of Ecology and Systematics 5: 285-307</ref>. The index is biased if rare species are over- or under-represented in the sample, which can easily happ ...e sample and <math>a</math> = the order in which the index is dependent of rare species.
  49 KB (7,689 words) - 12:26, 4 March 2024
• Biodiversity in the European Seas
  ...on routes of millions of migrating birds and offers refuge for a number of rare and endangered birds.
  26 KB (3,907 words) - 18:35, 21 February 2024
• Coastal grazing marsh
  ...than 10% of all the species which have been identified as being nationally rare or scarce in samples of both aquatic and "terrestrial" species.
  8 KB (1,285 words) - 14:50, 7 October 2021
• Hotspots
  |definition= An area which contains a large number of rare or endangered species and for that reason is designated for protection. <re
  308 bytes (42 words) - 18:45, 13 November 2007
• Spatial and temporal variability of salt marshes
  ...hen selecting sites, preference should be given to those areas supporting rare or local Spartina. Sub-types are:
  18 KB (2,451 words) - 18:54, 7 March 2023
• Special Protection Areas (SPAs)
  ...ctive, which came into force in April 1979. Their classification is due to rare and vulnerable birds, listed in Annex I of the Birds Directive, and regular
  2 KB (251 words) - 14:55, 7 October 2021
• Sand dune - Country Report, Great Britain
  ...eathland turns to scrub and ultimately woodland. This latter stage is very rare in Great Britain. ...ome areas, sandy beaches occur in association with shingle and a number of rare plants may be present including the northern Mertensia maritima or in the s
  30 KB (4,524 words) - 12:53, 23 June 2022
• Sand dune - Country Report, Latvia
  ...nckenya peploides''‚ ''Calammophila baltica''‚ ''Elytrigia littorea''. Rare plant species in embryonic dunes include ''Elytrigia junceiformis''‚ ''Li ...nclude ''Salix daphnoides''‚ ''S. viminalii'' and ''S. rosmarinifolia''. Rare plant species such as native ''Salix repens'' and ''Lonicera caerulea'' var
  11 KB (1,598 words) - 14:00, 2 March 2023
• Sand dune - Country Report, Cyprus
  ...ost everywhere low and shelving. Sea cliffs of any magnitude are extremely rare. According to its substrate, the shoreline is rocky mainly with pebble beac ...fast burying from the added sand. ''Ammophila arenaria'' in Cyprus is very rare confined only in one site (Hadjichambis, 2005)<ref>Hadjichambis A. Ch., 200
  11 KB (1,654 words) - 09:33, 30 July 2019
• Sand dune - Country Report, Norway
  ...rasslands develop. These include a wide variety of plants with a number of rare species. Where erosion takes place in the south ''Corynephorus canescens'' ...repens'' is an important component. In the north, ''Juncus balticus'' is a rare but significant species.
  11 KB (1,660 words) - 09:37, 30 July 2019
• Sand dune - Country Report, Sweden
  ...h ''Corynephorus canescens'' a frequent component. Calcareous grassland is rare. At least one site, Vittemölla, has calcareous dunes.
  8 KB (1,254 words) - 09:29, 30 July 2019
• Sand dune - Country Report, Ireland
  ...t reworked since then by the tides and wind. Substantial accumulations are rare and the largest system is Inch in the south west, with a total area of 1,25
  9 KB (1,434 words) - 09:36, 30 July 2019
• Tsunami
  ...lso cause a tsunamis, but generally of moderate strength. A tsunami can in rare cases result from the impact of a large meteorite. ...locations in anticipation of a tsunami makes no sense. Tsunami's are very rare events for each specific coastal location, even in areas that are very sens
  28 KB (4,414 words) - 12:41, 25 April 2024
• Non-use value: bequest value and existence value
  ...and White, 1996<ref>Loomis, J.B., White, D.S., 1996. Economic benefits of rare and endangered
  3 KB (377 words) - 18:28, 7 March 2023
• Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
  *rare and/or critical habitat The designation of marine reserves seems to be a rare and controversial measure although supported from numerous theoretical and
  8 KB (1,190 words) - 11:09, 25 September 2021
• Evolution
  ...mon alleles among the populations or that some populations possess certain rare alleles which are not found in others. The accumulation of genetic differen
  20 KB (2,963 words) - 22:03, 2 March 2022
• Species extinction
  ...eas (MPAs)]]. These designated areas help to protect depleted, threatened, rare or endangered species and populations, as well as to preserve habitats of c
  25 KB (3,716 words) - 18:44, 23 February 2024
• TBT and Imposex
  ...stricted the use of the compound in antifouling paints in the region, in a rare example of precautionary principle <ref>Ruiz, J. M., Bachelet, G., Caumette
  13 KB (1,911 words) - 16:42, 1 September 2020
• Chemical and physical properties of functional metabolites
  ...cyclic or linear peptides containing unusual amino acids which are either rare in terrestrial and microbial systems or even totally novel, and also freque
  12 KB (1,619 words) - 17:08, 7 September 2020
• Functional metabolites and macroalgal-herbivore interactions
  ...h terrestrial ecosystems feeding specialization among marine herbivores is rare. Metabolites that are toxic for generalist herbivores may be selectively co
  2 KB (310 words) - 16:38, 5 October 2021
• Sand dune - Country Report, Poland
  ...of coast appear ''Elytrigia juncea'' (former: ''Agropyron junceum''), very rare and vanishing species. ...cid deciduous forest with ''Betula pendula'' and ''Quercus robur'' occurs (rare habitats). Exceptionally on the Łeba Sandbar the moist pine forest with ''
  33 KB (5,282 words) - 09:26, 30 July 2019
• Lead
  ...marine mammals|mammals]] or [[pollution and sea birds|birds]]. However, a rare incident of lead poisoning has occurred along the birds wintering on the Me
  4 KB (631 words) - 14:23, 9 August 2020
• Taxonomic information
  ...procedures these “erratic names” would have been regarded as extremely rare taxa and could have led to seriously flawed analyses<ref name="ma"/>.
  4 KB (597 words) - 20:52, 10 September 2020
• New invertebrates
  ...a.php?p=taxdetails&id=883 polychaete worms]. These parasites are typically rare and our knowledge of their biology and distribution is extremely limited.
  5 KB (792 words) - 20:34, 11 September 2020
• Biodiversity changes and ecosystem functioning
  ...undances can change (rare species become abundant, abundant species become rare).<ref name="ma">[http://www.marbef.org/documents/glossybook/MarBEFbooklet.p ===Rare species===
  9 KB (1,256 words) - 11:48, 2 March 2024
• Future marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research issues
  ...y different values and have trouble detecting, quantifying and identifying rare organisms. Also, studies have been performed in very localised sites. The s
  15 KB (2,229 words) - 18:36, 22 February 2021
• Sevastopol Bay
  The Bay of Sevastopol is one of rare natural inland harbours at the coast of Crimea on the Black Sea that has be
  3 KB (518 words) - 15:37, 13 March 2013
• Sand dune - Country Report, Bulgaria
  In the Bulgarian dunes there are number of rare and threatened plants like ''Blackstonia perfoliata'', ''Centaurea arenaria
  9 KB (1,323 words) - 09:09, 30 July 2019
• Groundwater management in low-lying coastal zones
  ...today only incidentally under extreme storms. Such extreme conditions are rare, but they are expected to become much more frequent in future as a conseque
  42 KB (6,275 words) - 21:00, 30 March 2023
• Biogenic reefs of Europe and temporal variability
  ...rthwest England and Wales, with recent resurveys included. N = absent, R = rare, O = occasional, F = frequent, C = common, A = abundant and SA = super-abun
  26 KB (3,875 words) - 18:26, 7 March 2023
• Innovative technologies and opportunities
  ...tor chips (Sheridan, 2005). There is the mass production in bioreactors of rare marine products such as growth hormones for aquaculture and pigments.
  5 KB (728 words) - 12:09, 8 August 2019
• Gravel Beaches
  ...eration of [[Infragravity waves]]. Even during storms, a wide surf zone is rare. An important consequence of this is that the swash zone can be of similar
  40 KB (6,109 words) - 17:19, 24 February 2023
• Scaling Issues in Hydraulic Modelling
  ...he prototype, it is extremely difficult to define and operate, making them rare. Indeed, the difficulties found were many, starting with the selection of t
  54 KB (8,152 words) - 11:15, 7 September 2020
• Trébeurden
  ...ages are its protected natural sites, beaches of which two of them have a rare south and southwest side exposure in Northern Brittany and its marina. Tré
  2 KB (355 words) - 10:50, 11 December 2014
• Sand dune - Country Report, Estonia
  '''Dune heath.''' is a rare vegetation form in Estonia and is characterised by ''Empetrum nigrum''. It
  9 KB (1,399 words) - 09:23, 30 July 2019
• Rocky shore habitat
  * Algal beds are an important food source for rare and threatened species like sea turtles
  23 KB (3,539 words) - 22:36, 14 March 2021
• Sand dune - Country Report, Turkey
  ...luding saltmarshes). 23 of these are endemic species, while another 71 are rare or threatened with extinction. The vegetation is very xerophytic and includ
  10 KB (1,423 words) - 09:29, 30 July 2019
• Decision Support Systems for coastal risk assessment and management
  ...geo-referenced maps of habitat types and species including: rare species, rare habitats, commercially important marine habitats, habitats relevant for coa
  17 KB (2,405 words) - 11:54, 20 February 2024
• Marine biological valuation
  ...f the hotspot approach, which is used to select sites with high numbers of rare/endemic species or high species richness. In this article 'marine biologica | Rarity || Degree to which an area is characterized by unique, rare or distinct features (landscapes/habitats/ communities/species/ecological f
  21 KB (3,121 words) - 18:32, 3 March 2024
• Estuarine ecosystems
  ...the salinity of the environment. Because euryhaline species are relatively rare, the estuarine ecosystem is characterized by a relatively limited biodivers ...nditions. Along the estuary, from head to mouth, freshwater species become rare as salinity increases and are gradually replaced by marine organisms in the
  22 KB (3,117 words) - 23:14, 20 January 2024
• Characteristics of sedimentary shores
  ...rid climate rivers are normally dry, a so-called wadi. However, during the rare but violent thunder showers in the mountains, the wadies are transformed to
  24 KB (3,854 words) - 16:00, 30 June 2020
• Climate adaptation policies for the coastal zone
  ...ributions, especially regarding possible damage and loss of life caused by rare extreme events <ref> Jonkman, S.N. and Vrijling, J.K. 2008. Loss of life du
  21 KB (3,063 words) - 14:37, 15 February 2022
• Nature-based shore protection
  ...ef>). It is predominantly intertidal, but has been observed sub-tidally on rare occasions (e.g. the Severn Estuary, Mettam, 1994<ref>Mettam, C., Conneely, ...epths of a maximum of 250 m. Reefs formed by this species are particularly rare and occur only in well sheltered sea lochs with limited currents and wave e
  69 KB (10,397 words) - 17:04, 17 April 2024
• Multifunctionality and Valuation in coastal zones: introduction
  ...in real estate values]]. According to their value for the conservation of rare species a further social value can be attributed to them supposing that als
  15 KB (2,274 words) - 18:44, 21 February 2024
• Oil spill pollution impact and recovery
  One of the rare documented long-term effects of oil spill pollution regards the European sh
  32 KB (4,859 words) - 16:36, 15 February 2024
• Chenier
  ...d availability of coarse sediments, cheniers do not build up high. Only in rare occasions can cheniers grow further in volume and elevation. The landward m
  6 KB (884 words) - 13:20, 13 January 2024
• Wave collision on a vertical wall
  ...th a large vertical front of the wave hitting the entire wall is extremely rare.
  7 KB (1,237 words) - 19:00, 10 January 2023