Difference between revisions of "USD-49 depth-integrating sampler"
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[[Image:H5626figure2.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Figure 2: Transit rate curve]] | [[Image:H5626figure2.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Figure 2: Transit rate curve]] | ||
The USD-49 is a depth integrating sampler. The sampler is lowered at a uniform rate from the water surface to the streambed, instantly reversed, and then raised again to the water surface. The sampler continues to take its sample throughout the time of submergence. At least one sample should be taken at each vertical selected in the cross-section of the stream. A clean bottle is used for each sample. The USD-49 sampler has a cast bronze streamlined body in which a round or square pint-bottle sample container is enclosed. The head of the sampler is hinged to permit access to the sample container (see Figure 1). The head of the sampler is drilled and tapped to receive the ¼-inch, 3/16-inch or 1/8-inch intake nozzle which points into the current for collecting the sample. The transit rate depends on the mean velocity in the vertical, the water depth and the nozzle diameter, as shown in Figure 2. The USD-49 is suitable for depth [integration of streams less than about 5 m in which the velocities do not exceed 2 m/s. | The USD-49 is a depth integrating sampler. The sampler is lowered at a uniform rate from the water surface to the streambed, instantly reversed, and then raised again to the water surface. The sampler continues to take its sample throughout the time of submergence. At least one sample should be taken at each vertical selected in the cross-section of the stream. A clean bottle is used for each sample. The USD-49 sampler has a cast bronze streamlined body in which a round or square pint-bottle sample container is enclosed. The head of the sampler is hinged to permit access to the sample container (see Figure 1). The head of the sampler is drilled and tapped to receive the ¼-inch, 3/16-inch or 1/8-inch intake nozzle which points into the current for collecting the sample. The transit rate depends on the mean velocity in the vertical, the water depth and the nozzle diameter, as shown in Figure 2. The USD-49 is suitable for depth [integration of streams less than about 5 m in which the velocities do not exceed 2 m/s. | ||
| − | The sampler is manufactured by | + | The sampler is manufactured by [http://www.rickly.com Rickly Hydrological company]. |
The depth-averaged concentration can be determined as | The depth-averaged concentration can be determined as | ||
| − | + | <math>c\,=G\,/V\,</math> | |
in which: G= dry mass of sediment (mg), V= volume of water sample (l). | in which: G= dry mass of sediment (mg), V= volume of water sample (l). | ||
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The depth-integrated suspended sediment transport (in kg/m/s) can be determined as: | The depth-integrated suspended sediment transport (in kg/m/s) can be determined as: | ||
| − | + | S= G h/(F T) or as S=c u h= (G/V) u h | |
in which: G= dry mass of sediment (mg), V= volume of sediment sample, including pores (m<sup>3</sup>),h= depth of sampled zone (m), u= depth-averaged velocity (m/s), F= area of nozzle (m<sup>2</sup>), T= sampling period (s). | in which: G= dry mass of sediment (mg), V= volume of sediment sample, including pores (m<sup>3</sup>),h= depth of sampled zone (m), u= depth-averaged velocity (m/s), F= area of nozzle (m<sup>2</sup>), T= sampling period (s). | ||
| − | The sampler cannot sample down to the stream bed surface. When the sampler touches the bed, the distance between the sample nozzle and the bed is about 0.1 m (see Figure 1). Thus, the depth of the sampled zone is about equal to the water depth minus 0.1 m. Another problem is the short sampling period at each specific point in the vertical. As a result concentration fluctuations are not averaged out and repeat samples are necessary. | + | The sampler cannot sample down to the stream bed surface. When the sampler touches the bed, the distance between the sample nozzle and the bed is about 0.1 m (see Figure 1). Thus, the depth of the sampled zone is about equal to the water depth minus 0.1 m. Another problem is the short sampling period at each specific point in the vertical. As a result concentration fluctuations are not averaged out and repeat samples are necessary. |
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 10:31, 7 December 2007
This article is a summary of sub-section 5.6.2.6 of the Manual Sediment Transport Measurements in Rivers, Estuaries and Coastal Seas[1].
Contents
Introduction of the USD-49 depth-integrating sampler
The USD-49 is a depth integrating sampler. The sampler is lowered at a uniform rate from the water surface to the streambed, instantly reversed, and then raised again to the water surface. The sampler continues to take its sample throughout the time of submergence. At least one sample should be taken at each vertical selected in the cross-section of the stream. A clean bottle is used for each sample. The USD-49 sampler has a cast bronze streamlined body in which a round or square pint-bottle sample container is enclosed. The head of the sampler is hinged to permit access to the sample container (see Figure 1). The head of the sampler is drilled and tapped to receive the ¼-inch, 3/16-inch or 1/8-inch intake nozzle which points into the current for collecting the sample. The transit rate depends on the mean velocity in the vertical, the water depth and the nozzle diameter, as shown in Figure 2. The USD-49 is suitable for depth [integration of streams less than about 5 m in which the velocities do not exceed 2 m/s. The sampler is manufactured by Rickly Hydrological company.
The depth-averaged concentration can be determined as
[math]c\,=G\,/V\,[/math]
in which: G= dry mass of sediment (mg), V= volume of water sample (l).
The depth-integrated suspended sediment transport (in kg/m/s) can be determined as:
S= G h/(F T) or as S=c u h= (G/V) u h
in which: G= dry mass of sediment (mg), V= volume of sediment sample, including pores (m3),h= depth of sampled zone (m), u= depth-averaged velocity (m/s), F= area of nozzle (m2), T= sampling period (s).
The sampler cannot sample down to the stream bed surface. When the sampler touches the bed, the distance between the sample nozzle and the bed is about 0.1 m (see Figure 1). Thus, the depth of the sampled zone is about equal to the water depth minus 0.1 m. Another problem is the short sampling period at each specific point in the vertical. As a result concentration fluctuations are not averaged out and repeat samples are necessary.
See also
Summaries of the manual
- Manual Sediment Transport Measurements in Rivers, Estuaries and Coastal Seas
- Chapter 1: Introduction, problems and approaches in sediment transport measurements
- Chapter 2: Definitions, processes and models in morphology
- Chapter 3: Principles, statistics and errors of measuring sediment transport
- Chapter 4: Computation of sediment transport and presentation of results
- Chapter 5: Measuring instruments for sediment transport
- Chapter 6: Measuring instruments for particle size and fall velocity
- Chapter 7: Measuring instruments for bed material sampling
- Chapter 8: Laboratory and in situ analysis of samples
- Chapter 9: In situ measurement of wet bulk density
- Chapter 10: Instruments for bed level detection
- Chapter 11: Argus video
- Chapter 12: Measuring instruments for fluid velocity, pressure and wave height
Other internal links
External links
- Sub-section 5.6.2.6 USD-49 depth integrating sampler
- www.rickly.com([1]).
Further reading
INTER-AGENCY COMMITTEE on Water Resources (1963) Determination of Fluvial Sediment Discharge Report no. 14, St. Anthony Falls Hydr. Lab., Minneapolis, USA.
References
- ↑ Rijn, L. C. van (1986). Manual sediment transport measurements. Delft, The Netherlands: Delft Hydraulics Laboratory
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