The polychaete family Trochochaetidae Pettibone (=Disomidae Mesnil) is reviewed, and a key to the species of Trochochaeta Levinsen (= Disoma Oersted) is included. Based on new material and examination of types, the descriptions of three species are supplemented: T. carica (Birula), new combination; T. watsoni (Fauvel); and T. diverapoda (Hoagland). A new species from West Africa, T. kirkegaardi, is described.