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Porifera name detailsSpongia virgultosa Esper, 1806
 193649 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:193649)
unaccepted (genus transfer)
Species
marine,
recent only
Esper, E.J.C. 1806. Fortsetzungen der Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet nebst Beschreibungen. ZweyterTheil. (Raspe: Nürnberg): 25-48, pls LXV-LXX
page(s): 40 [details] Available for editors  [request]
Homonymy This is a senior secondary homonym of Euspongia virgultosa Schmidt, 1868. We cite here Van Soest et al.'s (2020: 66-67)...
Homonymy This is a senior secondary homonym of Euspongia virgultosa Schmidt, 1868. We cite here Van Soest et al.'s (2020: 66-67) explanation of the removal of the homonymy. Removal of homonymy between Spongia virgultosa Esper, 1806 and Spongia virgultosa (Schmidt, 1868). 1. Spongia virgultosa Esper, 1806: 40, Pl. 66 (type locality probably West Indies). There is no extant type material of Spongia virgultosa Esper, 1806, and it was also not included in Ehlers’ (1870) revision of the Esper collection in Erlangen, leaving us with only Esper’s (1806) brief description and an illustration (plate 66) of the type specimen, which shows a Clathria-like sponge, but its identity cannot be established other than by ‘guess’. The name Spongia virgultosa was also used by Lamarck (1814: 446, No. 99). He refers to Esper in the description, so Lamarck’s name is not a junior homonym (as the World Porifera Database previously stated (2019), but a misapplication, as Lamarck thought his material was from ‘mers du Nord de l’Europe’. Material of Lamarck has survived only as a small fragment and microscope slide preparation in the Natural History Museum, London, re-examined by Hooper (1996: 76) confirming Lamarck’s material is a Clathria (Thalysias). Duchassaing & Michelotti 1864: 86-87, used the name Thalysias virgultosa for a specimen from Guadeloupe, St. Thomas and Viecques, and they believed that Esper’s pl. 66 and their pl. XXIII fig. 3 represented the same species. Duchassaing & Michelotti’s material is found in the Torino museum, ZMA, BMNH, USNM and MNHN (cf. Van Soest et al. 1983). De Laubenfels (1936) synonymized Duchassaing & Michelotti’s material with Spongia juniperina Lamarck, 1814: 444 and this was followed by most authors publishing on Caribbean sponges (e.g. Hartman, Wiedenmayer, Van Soest) until Hooper (1996: 346) redescribed the species from the type and new specimens and argued that Spongia juniperina is an Indo-Pacific species (with type locality from Southwest Australia). Hooper rejected De Laubenfels’ (1936) synonymy of the two species, based on comparison between descriptions of the Western Australian and Caribbean populations of S. juniperina and S. virgultosa sensu Lamarck, 1814, respectively. As Esper’s description is unrecognisable and the type specimen no longer exists, whereas Lamarck’s material is recognisable with an extant ’type’ specimen and associated microscope slide, it is appropriate to select this as a neotype for Spongia virgultosa, viz. BMNH 1928.11.12.50 and 1954.2.20.67 respectively, to fix the identity of Clathria (Thalysias) virgultosa Esper, 1806 and the validity of the name for Caribbean populations. 2. Euspongia virgultosa Schmidt, 1868: 4 (type locality Adriatic, Mediterranean). Euspongia Bronn, 1859: 12 is a junior synonym of Spongia Linnaeus, 1759: 1348, which Burton (1934: 576) determined was an unjustified emendation of the latter (see also Topsent 1938: 1). Spongia virgultosa (Schmidt, 1868) is currently in widespread usage as a common Mediterranean species, and although a junior secondary homonym of Spongia virgultosa Esper, 1806, ICZN Art. 59.2 allows the junior homonym to be maintained as both homonymys are no longer considered to be congeneric. 3. Summary: Clathria (Thalysias) virgultosa (Esper, 1806) is a senior secondary homonym. There is no surviving specimen of Esper’s species, so a neotype designation for the former species was proposed for specimen BMNH 1928.11.12.50 and microscope slide BMNH 1954.2.20.67. Spongia (Spongia) virgultosa (Schmidt, 1868) is a junior secondary homonym of Spongia virgultosa Esper, 1806. Schmidt’s species name is maintained under ICZN Art. 59.2 as both homonyms are no longer considered to be congeneric. [details]
de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez, B.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Cárdenas, P.; Díaz, M.-C.; Dohrmann, M.; Downey, R.; Goodwin, C.; Hajdu, E.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Kelly, M.; Klautau, M.; Lim, S.C.; Manconi, R.; Morrow, C.; Pinheiro, U.; Pisera, A.B.; Ríos, P.; Rützler, K.; Schönberg, C.; Turner, T.; Vacelet, J.; van Soest, R.W.M.; Xavier, J. (2024). World Porifera Database. Spongia virgultosa Esper, 1806. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=193649 on 2024-04-24
Date action by
original description
Esper, E.J.C. 1806. Fortsetzungen der Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet nebst Beschreibungen. ZweyterTheil. (Raspe: Nürnberg): 25-48, pls LXV-LXX
page(s): 40 [details] Available for editors [request]  Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Homonymy This is a senior secondary homonym of Euspongia virgultosa Schmidt, 1868. We cite here Van Soest et al.'s (2020: 66-67) explanation of the removal of the homonymy.Removal of homonymy between Spongia virgultosa Esper, 1806 and Spongia virgultosa (Schmidt, 1868). 1. Spongia virgultosa Esper, 1806: 40, Pl. 66 (type locality probably West Indies). There is no extant type material of Spongia virgultosa Esper, 1806, and it was also not included in Ehlers’ (1870) revision of the Esper collection in Erlangen, leaving us with only Esper’s (1806) brief description and an illustration (plate 66) of the type specimen, which shows a Clathria-like sponge, but its identity cannot be established other than by ‘guess’. The name Spongia virgultosa was also used by Lamarck (1814: 446, No. 99). He refers to Esper in the description, so Lamarck’s name is not a junior homonym (as the World Porifera Database previously stated (2019), but a misapplication, as Lamarck thought his material was from ‘mers du Nord de l’Europe’. Material of Lamarck has survived only as a small fragment and microscope slide preparation in the Natural History Museum, London, re-examined by Hooper (1996: 76) confirming Lamarck’s material is a Clathria (Thalysias). Duchassaing & Michelotti 1864: 86-87, used the name Thalysias virgultosa for a specimen from Guadeloupe, St. Thomas and Viecques, and they believed that Esper’s pl. 66 and their pl. XXIII fig. 3 represented the same species. Duchassaing & Michelotti’s material is found in the Torino museum, ZMA, BMNH, USNM and MNHN (cf. Van Soest et al. 1983). De Laubenfels (1936) synonymized Duchassaing & Michelotti’s material with Spongia juniperina Lamarck, 1814: 444 and this was followed by most authors publishing on Caribbean sponges (e.g. Hartman, Wiedenmayer, Van Soest) until Hooper (1996: 346) redescribed the species from the type and new specimens and argued that Spongia juniperina is an Indo-Pacific species (with type locality from Southwest Australia). Hooper rejected De Laubenfels’ (1936) synonymy of the two species, based on comparison between descriptions of the Western Australian and Caribbean populations of S. juniperina and S. virgultosa sensu Lamarck, 1814, respectively. As Esper’s description is unrecognisable and the type specimen no longer exists, whereas Lamarck’s material is recognisable with an extant ’type’ specimen and associated microscope slide, it is appropriate to select this as a neotype for Spongia virgultosa, viz. BMNH 1928.11.12.50 and 1954.2.20.67 respectively, to fix the identity of Clathria (Thalysias) virgultosa Esper, 1806 and the validity of the name for Caribbean populations. 2. Euspongia virgultosa Schmidt, 1868: 4 (type locality Adriatic, Mediterranean). Euspongia Bronn, 1859: 12 is a junior synonym of Spongia Linnaeus, 1759: 1348, which Burton (1934: 576) determined was an unjustified emendation of the latter (see also Topsent 1938: 1). Spongia virgultosa (Schmidt, 1868) is currently in widespread usage as a common Mediterranean species, and although a junior secondary homonym of Spongia virgultosa Esper, 1806, ICZN Art. 59.2 allows the junior homonym to be maintained as both homonymys are no longer considered to be congeneric. 3. Summary: Clathria (Thalysias) virgultosa (Esper, 1806) is a senior secondary homonym. There is no surviving specimen of Esper’s species, so a neotype designation for the former species was proposed for specimen BMNH 1928.11.12.50 and microscope slide BMNH 1954.2.20.67. Spongia (Spongia) virgultosa (Schmidt, 1868) is a junior secondary homonym of Spongia virgultosa Esper, 1806. Schmidt’s species name is maintained under ICZN Art. 59.2 as both homonyms are no longer considered to be congeneric. [details] |