Examination of the syntypes of Listriolobus sorbillans (Lampert, 1883) from the Philippines and new specimens from Moreton Bay, eastern Australia, and the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, together with a literature survey, reveals that it is a senior synonym of L. billitonensis Fischer, 1926 recorded from the Java Sea and L. riukiuensis Sato, 1939 from southwestern Japan. Observations on individual variation in the ratio of proboscis to trunk length, the number of longitudinal muscle bands, and the number and arrangement of gonoducts are presented. A tabular comparison of all the known species of the genus Listriolobus is given, together with some new taxonomic information about the congeners and allies.