Deep-Sea taxon details
Antipathes dichotoma Pallas, 1766
103309 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:103309)
accepted
Species
marine, terrestrial
Pallas, P. S. (1766). Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones, cum selectis auctorum synonymis. [List of zoophytes containing general outlines of genera and brief descriptions of known species, with selected synonyms of the authors.]. <em>Fransiscum Varrentrapp, Hagae.</em> 451 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6019361
page(s): 216-217, 436 [details]
page(s): 216-217, 436 [details]
Molodtsova, T.; Opresko, D. (2025). World List of Antipatharia. Antipathes dichotoma Pallas, 1766. Accessed through: Glover, A.G.; Higgs, N.; Horton, T. (2025) World Register of Deep-Sea species (WoRDSS) at: https://www.marinespecies.org/deepsea/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=103309 on 2025-11-15
Glover, A.G.; Higgs, N.; Horton, T. (2025). World Register of Deep-Sea species (WoRDSS). Antipathes dichotoma Pallas, 1766. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/DeepSea/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=103309 on 2025-11-15
Date
action
by
original description
Pallas, P. S. (1766). Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones, cum selectis auctorum synonymis. [List of zoophytes containing general outlines of genera and brief descriptions of known species, with selected synonyms of the authors.]. <em>Fransiscum Varrentrapp, Hagae.</em> 451 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6019361
page(s): 216-217, 436 [details]
context source (MSBIAS) MEDIN. (2011). UK checklist of marine species derived from the applications Marine Recorder and UNICORN. version 1.0. [details]
context source (Deepsea) Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), available online at http://www.iobis.org/ [details]
context source (HKRMS) Lam K. & Morton B. (2008). Soft corals, sea fans, gorgonians (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) and black and wire corals (Ceriantipatharia: Antipatharia) from submarine caves in Hong Kong with a checklist of local species and a description of a new species of Paraminabea. Journal of Natural History 42. pp 749-780. [details]
basis of record van der Land, J.; Opresko, D.M. (2001). Antipatharia, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 109 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Vine, P. (1986). Red Sea Invertebrates. Immel Publishing, London. 224 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Dana, J.D. (1846-1847). On Zoophytes. <em>The American Journal of Science and Arts, Second Series.</em> 2(4): 64-69; 2(5): 187-202; 3(7): 1-24; 3(8): 160-163; 3(9): 337-347. New-Haven., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28135503
page(s): 585 [details]
additional source Esper, E.J.C. (1794). Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen. Zweyter Theil. (Raspe: Nürnberg): 1-303. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50841660
page(s): 139, 297 [details]
additional source Blainville, H. M. D. de. (1834). Manuel d'actinologie ou de zoophytologie. <em>F.G. Levroult. Paris: Strasbourg.</em> 1-2: 1-644, pls. I-C., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9680581
page(s): 510 [details]
additional source Molodtsova T.N. 2006. Black corals (Antipatharia: Anthozoa: Cnidaria) of North-East Atlantic. pp. 141-151 In: Mironov A.N., A.V. Gebruk and A.J. Southward (eds.) Biogeography of the North Atlantic seamounts. Moscow. KMK Press 201 p.
page(s): 148 [details] Available for editors
additional source Molodtsova T.N. 2005. A new species of Saropathes (Antipatharia: Anthozoa: Cnidaria) from the Norfolk Ridge (South-West Pacific, New Caledonia) - Zoosystema, 27 (4): 699-707.
page(s): 705 [details]
additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). [Checklist of marine biota of China seas]. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source Brook, G. (1889). Report on the Antipatharia collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. <em>Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. Zoology.</em> 32 (part 80): i-iii,1-222, pl. 1-15., available online at http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-80/README.htm
page(s): 98-100, 6, 10-12, 20, 24, 41-42, 49, 77, 93, 97, 101, 106, 182, 188, 196, 202-205, 208, 209 [details]
additional source Roule L. (1902). Notice preliminaire sur les Antipathaires provenant des collections du Prince de Monaco. <em>Roule, L. (1902). Notice préliminaire sur les Antipathaires provenant des collections du Prince du Monaco. Mémoires de la Société zoologique de France.</em> 15: 228-239.
page(s): 233 [details]
additional source Roule, L. (1905). Description des antipathaires et cérianthaires recueillis par S.A.S. le Prince de Monaco dans l'Atlantique nord (1886-1902). <em>Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I Prince Souverain de Monaco.</em> XXX: 1-96.
page(s): 7, 67 [details]
additional source Pax F. 1932. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der japanischen Dörnchenkorallen. Zoologische Jahrbücher. 63:407-450
page(s): 408, 418, 419, 420, 449 [details]
additional source Schultze, L. S. 1896. Beitrag zur Systematik der Antipatharien. Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 23:1–40.
page(s): 17, 18, 19, 21 [details]
additional source van Pesch, A. J. 1914. The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition.Siboga-Expeditie Monographes. 17: 1-258
page(s): 52, 64, 68, 69, 70, 73, 76 [details]
additional source Dana, J.D. (1846-1849). Zoophytes. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838-1842. <em>Lea and Blanchard, Philadelphia.</em> 7: 1-740, 61 pls. (1846: 1-740; 1849: atlas pls. 1-61)., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18989497, http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/usexex/navigation/ScientificText/USExEx19_08select.cfm
page(s): 585 [details]
additional source Opresko D.M. 1998. Three new species of Leiopathes (Cnidaria:Anthozoa:Antipatharia) from southern Australia. Records of the South Australian Museum 31(1):99-111.
page(s): 99, 101 [details]
additional source Opresko, D.M. 2003. Redescription of Antipathes dichotoma Pallas, 1766 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia). Zool. Med. Leiden 77: 481-493.
page(s): 481, 482-491 [details]
additional source Opresko, D.M. (1972). Redescriptions and reevaluations of the antipatharians described by L.D. de Pourtalès. <i>Bull. Mar. Sci.</i>. 22(4):950-1017.
page(s): 959, 960, 964 [details]
additional source Gravier, C. (1921). Antipathaires provenant des Campagnes des Yachts Princesse-Alice et Hirondelle II (1903-1913). <i>Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I Prince Souverain de Monaco</i>. 59: 1-28.
page(s): 7 [details]
additional source Zou, R. L. & Zhou, J. M.. (1984). Antipatharians from Hong Kong waters with a description of a new species. Asian Marine Biology 1, pp. 101-105. The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
page(s): 102, 104 [details]
additional source Johnson, J. Y. (1899). Notes on the antipatharian corals of Madeira, with descriptions of a new species and a new variety, and remarks on a specimen from the West Indies in the British Museum. <em>Journal of Zoology.</em> 68(1): 813-824.
page(s): 814 [details]
additional source Love, M. S.; Yoklavich, M. M.; Black, B. A.; Andrews, A. H. (2007). Age of black coral (Antipathes dendrochristos) colonies, with notes on associated invertebrate species. <em>Bulletin of Marine Science.</em> 80(2): 391-399.
page(s): 396 [details]
additional source Opresko, D. M.; Baron-Szabo, C. B.-S. (2001). Re-descriptions of the antipatharian coral described by EJC Esper with select English translations of the original German text. <em>Senckenbergiana biologica.</em> 81: 1-21.
page(s): 16 [details]
additional source Opresko, D. M. (1974). A study of the classification of the Antipatharia (Coelenterata:Anthozoa) with re-descriptions of eleven species. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Miami, 193 pp.• Miami, FL.
page(s): 8-10, 13-14, 16, 18-19, 23, 25-27, 46, 57-59, 67, 71, 123, 125 [details]
additional source Grasshoff, M. (1985). Die Gorgonaria und Antipatharia der Grossen Meteor Bank und der Josephine Bank. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). <em>Senckenbergiana maritima.</em> 17(1/3):65-87.
page(s): 74, 77, 81, 84 [details]
additional source Milne Edwards H,. (1857). Histoire naturelle des coralliaires, ou polypes proprement dits. 1. <em>Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris.</em> 326 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12045211
page(s): 319 [details]
additional source Schultze, L. S. (1902). Die Antipatharien der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition 1898-1899. <em>Chun, K. (1907). Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer" Valdivia" 1898-1899.</em> 3:87-100.
page(s): 90, 91 [details]
additional source Lütken, C. (1871). Antipathes antarctica, en ny Sortkoral fra Polarhavet. <em>Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs forhandlinger.</em> 2: 18-26., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29561248
page(s): 18, 19 [details]
additional source Pax, F.; Müller, I. (1955). Gli Antozoi del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste Parte I: Antipatharia, Ceriantharia, Zoantharia, Actiniaria, Alcyonaria, e Pennatularia. Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Trieste, 20(7-8): 103-129
page(s): 106 [details]
additional source Jaworski, E. (1938). Untersuchungen über Rassenbildung bei Anthozoen. Thalassia, 3(1): 3-57
page(s): 11 [details]
additional source Paulay, G.; Puglisi, M. P.; Starmer, J. A. (2003). The non-scleractinian Anthozoa (Cnidaria) of the Mariana Islands. Micronesica, 35-36, 138-155
page(s): 149 [details]
additional source Jaworski, E. (1938). Untersuchungen über Rassenbildung bei Anthozoen. Schlesischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitdt zu Breslau. Breslau., pp. 57.
page(s): 11 [details]
additional source Lütken, C. (1872). Antipathes arctica, a new species of black coral (Antipathidæ) from the polar seas. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, X, 4, XI, (56): 77-83
page(s): 77, 78 [details]
additional source Grasshoff, M. (1981). Die Gorgonaria, Pennatularia und Antipatharia des Tiefwassers der Biskaya (Cnidaria, Anthozoa). Ergebnisse der französischen Expeditionen Biogas, Polygas, Geomanche, Incal, Noratlante und Fahrten der "Thalassa" II. Taxonomischer Teil. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 3, zoologie, section A, (4): 941-978
page(s): 966 [details]
additional source Grange, K. R.; Singleton, R. J. (1988). Population structure of black coral, Antipathes aperta, in the southern fiords of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 15(4): 481-489
page(s): 488 [details]
additional source Pax, F.; Van-Praët, M.; Doumenc, D. A. (1987). Ordre des Antipathaires. volume 3, pp. 189-210
page(s): 191 [details]
additional source Grasshoff, M. (1981). Die Gorgonaria, Pennatularia und Antipatharia des Tiefwassers der Biskaya (Cnidaria, Anthozoa). Ergebnisse der französischen Expeditionen Biogas, Polygas, Geomanche, Incal, Noratlante und Fahrten der "Thalassa" II. Allgemeiner Teil. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 3, zoologie, section A, (3): 731-766
page(s): 737-738 [details]
additional source Grasshoff, M. (1991). Die von E.J.C. Esper 1788-1809 beschriebenen Anthozoa (Cnidaria). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 71((4/6)): 325-368
page(s): 358, 362 [details] Available for editors
additional source Zhou, J.; Zou, R. (1984). Studies on the antipatharians of China II. The genus Antipathes. Tropical Oceanology (Re dai Hai yang), 3(2): 56-61
page(s): 56, 60 [details]
additional source Montgomery, A. D. (2002). The feasibility of transplanting black coral (Order Antipatharia). Hydrobiologia, 471, 157-164
page(s): 157, 159, 160, 161 [details]
additional source Echeverría, C. A.; Castro, C. B. (1995). Antipathes (Cnidaria, Antipatharia) From Southeastern Brazil. Boletim do Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro), (364): 1-7
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Zhou, J.; Zou, R. (1992). Studies on the antipatharians from Zhongsha Islands waters. Tropical Oceanology (Re dai Hai yang), 11(3): 45-52
page(s): 45, 49 [details]
additional source Gray, J. E. (1832). On the animal of the genus Antipathes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1832, II, 41-42
page(s): 41-42 [details]
additional source Bayer, F. M. (1959). The alcyonarian and black corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia and Antipatharia) described and figured by G.E. Rumphius. H. C. D. de Wit (eds.). Uitgeverij en Drukkerij Hollandia N.V. Baarn, pp. 225-247
page(s): 233 [details] Available for editors
additional source Grigg, R. W.; Opresko, D. M. (1977). Order Antipatharia: black corals. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 64(1): 242-261
page(s): 243, 244, 252, 253 [details]
additional source Gravier, C. (1918). Note sur les antipathaires du Golfe de Naples. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, 2(13): 223-239
page(s): 224, 227-229 [details]
additional source Grasshoff, M. (1985). Die Gorgonaria, Pennatularia und Antipatharia. L. Laubier and Cl. Monniot (eds.). IFREMER, chapter 17, pp. 299-307
page(s): 303 [details]
additional source Vafidis, D.; Koukouras, A. (1998). Antipatharia, Ceriantharia, and Zoantharia (Hexacorallia, Anthozoa) of the Aegean Sea with a check list of the Mediterranean and Black Sea species. Annales de l'Institute Oceanographique, 74(2): 115-126
page(s): 118-119, 123 [details]
additional source Padilla, C.; Lara, M. (2003). Banco Chinchorro: the last shelter for black coral in the Mexican Caribbean. Bulletin of Marine Science, 73(1): 197-202
page(s): 198 [details]
additional source Koehler, R. (1896). Liste par stations de dragage des animaux recueillis pendant la campagne du "Caudan". Annales de l'Université de Lyon, 26, 711-740
page(s): 718, 737 [details]
additional source Roule, L. (1896). Coelentérés. Annales de l'Université de Lyon, 26, 299-323
page(s): 312, 322 [details]
additional source Bo, M.; Tazioli, S.; Spanò, N.; Bavestrello, G. (2008). Antipathella subpinnata (Antipatharia, Myriopathidae) in Italian seas. Italian Journal of Zoology, 75(2): 185-195
page(s): 185, 186, 191 [details]
additional source Opresko, D. M. (2005). A new species of antipatharian coral (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from the southern California Bight. Zootaxa, 852: 1-10.
page(s): 2 [details]
page(s): 216-217, 436 [details]
context source (MSBIAS) MEDIN. (2011). UK checklist of marine species derived from the applications Marine Recorder and UNICORN. version 1.0. [details]
context source (Deepsea) Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), available online at http://www.iobis.org/ [details]
context source (HKRMS) Lam K. & Morton B. (2008). Soft corals, sea fans, gorgonians (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) and black and wire corals (Ceriantipatharia: Antipatharia) from submarine caves in Hong Kong with a checklist of local species and a description of a new species of Paraminabea. Journal of Natural History 42. pp 749-780. [details]
basis of record van der Land, J.; Opresko, D.M. (2001). Antipatharia, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 109 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Vine, P. (1986). Red Sea Invertebrates. Immel Publishing, London. 224 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Dana, J.D. (1846-1847). On Zoophytes. <em>The American Journal of Science and Arts, Second Series.</em> 2(4): 64-69; 2(5): 187-202; 3(7): 1-24; 3(8): 160-163; 3(9): 337-347. New-Haven., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28135503
page(s): 585 [details]
additional source Esper, E.J.C. (1794). Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen. Zweyter Theil. (Raspe: Nürnberg): 1-303. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50841660
page(s): 139, 297 [details]
additional source Blainville, H. M. D. de. (1834). Manuel d'actinologie ou de zoophytologie. <em>F.G. Levroult. Paris: Strasbourg.</em> 1-2: 1-644, pls. I-C., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9680581
page(s): 510 [details]
additional source Molodtsova T.N. 2006. Black corals (Antipatharia: Anthozoa: Cnidaria) of North-East Atlantic. pp. 141-151 In: Mironov A.N., A.V. Gebruk and A.J. Southward (eds.) Biogeography of the North Atlantic seamounts. Moscow. KMK Press 201 p.
page(s): 148 [details] Available for editors
additional source Molodtsova T.N. 2005. A new species of Saropathes (Antipatharia: Anthozoa: Cnidaria) from the Norfolk Ridge (South-West Pacific, New Caledonia) - Zoosystema, 27 (4): 699-707.
page(s): 705 [details]
additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). [Checklist of marine biota of China seas]. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source Brook, G. (1889). Report on the Antipatharia collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. <em>Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. Zoology.</em> 32 (part 80): i-iii,1-222, pl. 1-15., available online at http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-80/README.htm
page(s): 98-100, 6, 10-12, 20, 24, 41-42, 49, 77, 93, 97, 101, 106, 182, 188, 196, 202-205, 208, 209 [details]
additional source Roule L. (1902). Notice preliminaire sur les Antipathaires provenant des collections du Prince de Monaco. <em>Roule, L. (1902). Notice préliminaire sur les Antipathaires provenant des collections du Prince du Monaco. Mémoires de la Société zoologique de France.</em> 15: 228-239.
page(s): 233 [details]
additional source Roule, L. (1905). Description des antipathaires et cérianthaires recueillis par S.A.S. le Prince de Monaco dans l'Atlantique nord (1886-1902). <em>Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I Prince Souverain de Monaco.</em> XXX: 1-96.
page(s): 7, 67 [details]
additional source Pax F. 1932. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der japanischen Dörnchenkorallen. Zoologische Jahrbücher. 63:407-450
page(s): 408, 418, 419, 420, 449 [details]
additional source Schultze, L. S. 1896. Beitrag zur Systematik der Antipatharien. Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 23:1–40.
page(s): 17, 18, 19, 21 [details]
additional source van Pesch, A. J. 1914. The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition.Siboga-Expeditie Monographes. 17: 1-258
page(s): 52, 64, 68, 69, 70, 73, 76 [details]
additional source Dana, J.D. (1846-1849). Zoophytes. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838-1842. <em>Lea and Blanchard, Philadelphia.</em> 7: 1-740, 61 pls. (1846: 1-740; 1849: atlas pls. 1-61)., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18989497, http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/usexex/navigation/ScientificText/USExEx19_08select.cfm
page(s): 585 [details]
additional source Opresko D.M. 1998. Three new species of Leiopathes (Cnidaria:Anthozoa:Antipatharia) from southern Australia. Records of the South Australian Museum 31(1):99-111.
page(s): 99, 101 [details]
additional source Opresko, D.M. 2003. Redescription of Antipathes dichotoma Pallas, 1766 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia). Zool. Med. Leiden 77: 481-493.
page(s): 481, 482-491 [details]
additional source Opresko, D.M. (1972). Redescriptions and reevaluations of the antipatharians described by L.D. de Pourtalès. <i>Bull. Mar. Sci.</i>. 22(4):950-1017.
page(s): 959, 960, 964 [details]
additional source Gravier, C. (1921). Antipathaires provenant des Campagnes des Yachts Princesse-Alice et Hirondelle II (1903-1913). <i>Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I Prince Souverain de Monaco</i>. 59: 1-28.
page(s): 7 [details]
additional source Zou, R. L. & Zhou, J. M.. (1984). Antipatharians from Hong Kong waters with a description of a new species. Asian Marine Biology 1, pp. 101-105. The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
page(s): 102, 104 [details]
additional source Johnson, J. Y. (1899). Notes on the antipatharian corals of Madeira, with descriptions of a new species and a new variety, and remarks on a specimen from the West Indies in the British Museum. <em>Journal of Zoology.</em> 68(1): 813-824.
page(s): 814 [details]
additional source Love, M. S.; Yoklavich, M. M.; Black, B. A.; Andrews, A. H. (2007). Age of black coral (Antipathes dendrochristos) colonies, with notes on associated invertebrate species. <em>Bulletin of Marine Science.</em> 80(2): 391-399.
page(s): 396 [details]
additional source Opresko, D. M.; Baron-Szabo, C. B.-S. (2001). Re-descriptions of the antipatharian coral described by EJC Esper with select English translations of the original German text. <em>Senckenbergiana biologica.</em> 81: 1-21.
page(s): 16 [details]
additional source Opresko, D. M. (1974). A study of the classification of the Antipatharia (Coelenterata:Anthozoa) with re-descriptions of eleven species. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Miami, 193 pp.• Miami, FL.
page(s): 8-10, 13-14, 16, 18-19, 23, 25-27, 46, 57-59, 67, 71, 123, 125 [details]
additional source Grasshoff, M. (1985). Die Gorgonaria und Antipatharia der Grossen Meteor Bank und der Josephine Bank. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). <em>Senckenbergiana maritima.</em> 17(1/3):65-87.
page(s): 74, 77, 81, 84 [details]
additional source Milne Edwards H,. (1857). Histoire naturelle des coralliaires, ou polypes proprement dits. 1. <em>Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris.</em> 326 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12045211
page(s): 319 [details]
additional source Schultze, L. S. (1902). Die Antipatharien der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition 1898-1899. <em>Chun, K. (1907). Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer" Valdivia" 1898-1899.</em> 3:87-100.
page(s): 90, 91 [details]
additional source Lütken, C. (1871). Antipathes antarctica, en ny Sortkoral fra Polarhavet. <em>Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs forhandlinger.</em> 2: 18-26., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29561248
page(s): 18, 19 [details]
additional source Pax, F.; Müller, I. (1955). Gli Antozoi del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste Parte I: Antipatharia, Ceriantharia, Zoantharia, Actiniaria, Alcyonaria, e Pennatularia. Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Trieste, 20(7-8): 103-129
page(s): 106 [details]
additional source Jaworski, E. (1938). Untersuchungen über Rassenbildung bei Anthozoen. Thalassia, 3(1): 3-57
page(s): 11 [details]
additional source Paulay, G.; Puglisi, M. P.; Starmer, J. A. (2003). The non-scleractinian Anthozoa (Cnidaria) of the Mariana Islands. Micronesica, 35-36, 138-155
page(s): 149 [details]
additional source Jaworski, E. (1938). Untersuchungen über Rassenbildung bei Anthozoen. Schlesischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitdt zu Breslau. Breslau., pp. 57.
page(s): 11 [details]
additional source Lütken, C. (1872). Antipathes arctica, a new species of black coral (Antipathidæ) from the polar seas. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, X, 4, XI, (56): 77-83
page(s): 77, 78 [details]
additional source Grasshoff, M. (1981). Die Gorgonaria, Pennatularia und Antipatharia des Tiefwassers der Biskaya (Cnidaria, Anthozoa). Ergebnisse der französischen Expeditionen Biogas, Polygas, Geomanche, Incal, Noratlante und Fahrten der "Thalassa" II. Taxonomischer Teil. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 3, zoologie, section A, (4): 941-978
page(s): 966 [details]
additional source Grange, K. R.; Singleton, R. J. (1988). Population structure of black coral, Antipathes aperta, in the southern fiords of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 15(4): 481-489
page(s): 488 [details]
additional source Pax, F.; Van-Praët, M.; Doumenc, D. A. (1987). Ordre des Antipathaires. volume 3, pp. 189-210
page(s): 191 [details]
additional source Grasshoff, M. (1981). Die Gorgonaria, Pennatularia und Antipatharia des Tiefwassers der Biskaya (Cnidaria, Anthozoa). Ergebnisse der französischen Expeditionen Biogas, Polygas, Geomanche, Incal, Noratlante und Fahrten der "Thalassa" II. Allgemeiner Teil. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 3, zoologie, section A, (3): 731-766
page(s): 737-738 [details]
additional source Grasshoff, M. (1991). Die von E.J.C. Esper 1788-1809 beschriebenen Anthozoa (Cnidaria). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 71((4/6)): 325-368
page(s): 358, 362 [details] Available for editors
additional source Zhou, J.; Zou, R. (1984). Studies on the antipatharians of China II. The genus Antipathes. Tropical Oceanology (Re dai Hai yang), 3(2): 56-61
page(s): 56, 60 [details]
additional source Montgomery, A. D. (2002). The feasibility of transplanting black coral (Order Antipatharia). Hydrobiologia, 471, 157-164
page(s): 157, 159, 160, 161 [details]
additional source Echeverría, C. A.; Castro, C. B. (1995). Antipathes (Cnidaria, Antipatharia) From Southeastern Brazil. Boletim do Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro), (364): 1-7
page(s): 1 [details]
additional source Zhou, J.; Zou, R. (1992). Studies on the antipatharians from Zhongsha Islands waters. Tropical Oceanology (Re dai Hai yang), 11(3): 45-52
page(s): 45, 49 [details]
additional source Gray, J. E. (1832). On the animal of the genus Antipathes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1832, II, 41-42
page(s): 41-42 [details]
additional source Bayer, F. M. (1959). The alcyonarian and black corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia and Antipatharia) described and figured by G.E. Rumphius. H. C. D. de Wit (eds.). Uitgeverij en Drukkerij Hollandia N.V. Baarn, pp. 225-247
page(s): 233 [details] Available for editors
additional source Grigg, R. W.; Opresko, D. M. (1977). Order Antipatharia: black corals. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 64(1): 242-261
page(s): 243, 244, 252, 253 [details]
additional source Gravier, C. (1918). Note sur les antipathaires du Golfe de Naples. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, 2(13): 223-239
page(s): 224, 227-229 [details]
additional source Grasshoff, M. (1985). Die Gorgonaria, Pennatularia und Antipatharia. L. Laubier and Cl. Monniot (eds.). IFREMER, chapter 17, pp. 299-307
page(s): 303 [details]
additional source Vafidis, D.; Koukouras, A. (1998). Antipatharia, Ceriantharia, and Zoantharia (Hexacorallia, Anthozoa) of the Aegean Sea with a check list of the Mediterranean and Black Sea species. Annales de l'Institute Oceanographique, 74(2): 115-126
page(s): 118-119, 123 [details]
additional source Padilla, C.; Lara, M. (2003). Banco Chinchorro: the last shelter for black coral in the Mexican Caribbean. Bulletin of Marine Science, 73(1): 197-202
page(s): 198 [details]
additional source Koehler, R. (1896). Liste par stations de dragage des animaux recueillis pendant la campagne du "Caudan". Annales de l'Université de Lyon, 26, 711-740
page(s): 718, 737 [details]
additional source Roule, L. (1896). Coelentérés. Annales de l'Université de Lyon, 26, 299-323
page(s): 312, 322 [details]
additional source Bo, M.; Tazioli, S.; Spanò, N.; Bavestrello, G. (2008). Antipathella subpinnata (Antipatharia, Myriopathidae) in Italian seas. Italian Journal of Zoology, 75(2): 185-195
page(s): 185, 186, 191 [details]
additional source Opresko, D. M. (2005). A new species of antipatharian coral (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from the southern California Bight. Zootaxa, 852: 1-10.
page(s): 2 [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
Nontype MZDAUT [details]
