Mooi, R., Martínez, S. & Parma, S. G. 2000. Phylogenetic systematics of Tertiary monophorasterid sand dollars (Clypeasteroida: Echinoidea) from South America. Journal of Paleontology 74, 263-281.

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Sand dollars in the Monophorasteridae Lahille, 1896, form an important part of the South American Cenozoic echinoid fauna. Re-examination of type and other material adds significantly to our know ledge of the morphology and taxonomy of the family, and shows that besides Monophoraster darwini (Desor, 1847) M. duboisi (Cotteau, 1884), Amplaster coloniensis Martinet, 1984, and A. olatus Rossi de Garcia and Levy, 1989, there is a new species. A. ellipticus. We also show that Karlaster Marchesini Santos, 1958, is not a monophorasterid as once thought. A phylogenetic analysis of 24 characters assessed from all species of Monophoraster Lambert and Thiery, 1921, and Amplaster Martinez, 1984, along with genera of the Mellitidae Stefanini, 1912, produced a single most parsimonious tree. The analysis demonstrates monophyly of mellitids and monophorasterids. and that Iheringiella Berg, 1898, should be excluded from the latter. Although both Monophoraster Lambert and Thiery, 1921, and Amplaster Mar

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