HABs taxon details
original description
Ten-Hage L., Turquet J., Quod J.P., Puiseux-Dao S. & Couté A. (2000). <i>Prorocentrum borbonicum</i>sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a new toxic benthic dinoflagellate from southwestern Indian Ocean. <em>Phycologia 39: 296-301.</em> [details]
basis of record
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
additional source
Moestrup, Ø., Akselman, R., Cronberg, G., Elbraechter, M., Fraga, S., Halim, Y., Hansen, G., Hoppenrath, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Nguyen, L. N., Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae., available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/HAB [details]
additional source
Hoppenrath, M.; Murray, S.; Chomerat, N.; Horiguchi, T.; Rhodes, L. (2023). Marine benthic dinoflagellates - their relevance for science and society. <em>Senckenberg book 88.</em> [details]
additional source
Hoppenrath, M.; Murray, S. A.; Chomérat, N.; Horiguchi, T. (2014). Marine benthic dinoflagellates - unravelling their worldwide biodiversity. <em>Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe.</em> 54: 1-276. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Steidinger, K.A. & Meave del Castillo, M.E. (Eds.). (2018). Guide to the identification of harmful micoalgae in the Gulf of Mexico. <em>St. Petersburg, FL: DiggyPOD, Inc.</em> [details]
additional source
Hoppenrath, M.; Chomérat, N.; Horiguchi, T.; Schweikert, M.; Nagahama, Y.; Murray, S. (2013). Taxonomy and phylogeny of the benthic Prorocentrum species (Dinophyceae)—A proposal and review. <em>Harmful Algae.</em> 27: 1-28., available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2013.03.006 [details]
toxicology source
Ten-Hage L., Robillot C., Turquet J., Le Gall F., Le Caer J.P., Bultel V., Guyot M. and Molgo J. (2002). Effects of toxic extracts and purified borbotoxins from Prorocentrum borbonicum (Dinophyceae) on vertebrate neuromuscular junctions. <em>Toxicon 40: 137–148.</em> [details]
From regional or thematic species database
Description Small broad oval to ovoid cells with central pyrenoid with starch sheath (visible as ring), 18-24 µm long. It is one of only a very few relatively small benthic species and distinguished from them by its thecal ornamentation (foveate) in contrast to smooth thecal plates of the others. Platelet formula: 1a 1b 2 3 4 5 6 7? 8. Reliable identification is best done by scanning electron microscopy. [details]
Distribution North Aegean Sea, Mediterranean, Greece (Aligizaki et al. 2009, Ignatiades & Gotsis-Skretas 2010)
Gulf of Mexico (Steidinger 2018)
Réunion Island (Ten-Hage et al. 2000) [details]
Harmful effect P. borbonicum produces neurotoxic borbotoxins that are lethal to mice (Ten-Hage et al. 2000, 2002, Hoppenrath et al. 2023). [details]
Identification Identification requires scanning electron microscopy or LSU rDNA sequencing.
It is one of only a very few relatively small benthic species and distinguished from most of them by its thecal ornamentation (foveate) in contrast to smooth thecal plates of the others.
For identification help look here: https://www.dinophyta.org/identification-keys/marine-benthic-dinoflagellates/prorocentrum-ident-spp-pages/
or check out this key: https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v4/prorocentrum/
[details]
Verified sequences LSU rDNA: AJ567467, MH375424 [details]
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