WoRMS taxon details
original description
(of Gymnodinium brevisulcatum F.H.Chang, 1999) Chang, F. H. (1999). Gymnodinium brevisulcatum sp. nov. (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae), a new species isolated from the 1998 summer toxic bloom in Wellington Harbour, New Zealand. <em>Phycologia.</em> 38(5): 377-384, 21 figs, 2 tables. [details]
basis of record
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
basis of record
Gómez, F. (2005). A list of free-living dinoflagellate species in the world's oceans. <em>Acta Bot. Croat.</em> 64(1): 129-212. [details]
additional source
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
additional source
Moestrup, Ø., Akselman, R., Cronberg, G., Elbraechter, M., Fraga, S., Halim, Y., Hansen, G., Hoppenrath, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Nguyen, L. N., Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae., available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/HAB [details]
additional source
Chang, F.H.; Charleston, W.A.G.; McKenna, P.B.; Clowes, C.D.; Wilson, G.J.; Broady, P.A. (2012). Phylum Myzozoa: dinoflagellates, perkinsids, ellobiopsids, sporozoans, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2012). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 3. Kingdoms Bacteria, Protozoa, Chromista, Plantae, Fungi. pp. 175-216. [details]
new combination reference
Daugbjerg, N.; Hansen, G.; Larsen, J.; Moestrup, O. (2000). Phylogeny of some of the major genera of dinoflagellates based on ultrastructure and partial LSU rDNA sequence data, including the erection of three new genera of unarmoured dinoflagellates. <em>Phycologia.</em> 39(4): 302-317., available online at https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-39-4-302.1 [details]
ecology source
Chang F.H., Chiswell S.M. & Uddstrom M.J. 2001. Occurrence and distribution of <i>Karenia brevisulcata</i> (Dinophyceae) during the 1998 summer toxic outbreaks on the central east coast of New Zealand. Phycologia 40: 215-222. [details]
From editor or global species database
LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:50161 [details]From regional or thematic species database
Description Small-sized species (13–25 μm long, 10–22 μm wide) with a subcircular outline. Cells dorso-ventrally flattened (9–11 μm thick). Cingulum slightly premedian, displaced 11–27% of the cell length. Small sulcus extension onto the epicone. Yellow-green elongate chloroplasts, variable in number. Nucleus spherical to elongate in shape located in the hypocone. Thick and very short apical groove extending dorsally over 1/3 or less of the epicone. (Chang, 1999). [details]
Harmful effect Animal and plant mortalities, human respiratory distress, eye and skin irritations. Two chemical groups: brevisulcenals (KBTs) and brevisulcatic acids (BSXs), have been identified [details]
Introduced species vector dispersal in France (Nation) : Shipping [details]
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