WoRMS taxon details
Pholas Linnaeus, 1758
138343 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:138343)
accepted
Genus
Dactylina Gray, 1847 · unaccepted (synonym)
Hypogaea Poli, 1791 · unaccepted
Pholas (Monothyra) Tryon, 1862 · alternative representation
Pholas (Pholas) Linnaeus, 1758 · alternative representation
Pholas (Thovana) Gray, 1847 · alternative representation
Pragmopholas P. Fischer, 1887 · unaccepted (synonym)
- Species Pholas bissauensis Cosel & Haga, 2018
- Species Pholas campechiensis Gmelin, 1791
- Species Pholas chiloensis Molina, 1782
- Species Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758
- Species Pholas hercules K. Martin, 1926 †
- Species Pholas orientalis Gmelin, 1791
- Species Pholas tiara (Tate, 1887) †
- Subgenus Pholas (Scobinopholas) U. S. Grant & Gale, 1931 accepted as Cyrtopleura (Scobinopholas) U. S. Grant & Gale, 1931 represented as Cyrtopleura Tryon, 1862 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Subgenus Pholas (Zirfaea) J. E. Gray, 1842 accepted as Zirfaea J. E. Gray, 1842 (unaccepted > superseded rank, superseded combination)
- Species Pholas (Zirfaea) mirabilis O. Boettger, 1880 † accepted as Zirfaea mirabilis (O. Boettger, 1880) † (superseded combination)
- Species Pholas acuminata G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 accepted as Parapholas acuminata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1834) (original combination)
- Species Pholas affinis Deshayes, 1856 † accepted as Aspidopholas affinis (Deshayes, 1856) † (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Pholas alatoidea Aldrich, 1886 † accepted as Cyrtopleuropsis alatoidea (Aldrich, 1886) † (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Pholas alfredensis Bartsch, 1915 accepted as Barnea alfredensis (Bartsch, 1915) (original combination)
- Species Pholas antipodum R. A. Philippi, 1847 accepted as Barnea similis (J. E. Gray, 1835) (junior subjective synonym)
- Species Pholas aperta Deshayes, 1824 † accepted as Martesia aperta (Deshayes, 1824) † (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Pholas atomus Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1827 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Pholas australasiae G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Barnea australasiae (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
- Species Pholas bakeri S. P. Woodward, 1854 accepted as Barnea birmanica (R. A. Philippi, 1849)
- Species Pholas baudoni Deshayes, 1857 † accepted as Martesia baudoni (Deshayes, 1857) † (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Pholas beauiana Récluz, 1853 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Pholas bifrons da Costa, 1778 accepted as Zirfaea crispata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Pholas birmanica R. A. Philippi, 1849 accepted as Barnea birmanica (R. A. Philippi, 1849) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Pholas branchiata Gould, 1845 accepted as Parapholas branchiata (A. Gould, 1845)
- Species Pholas californica Conrad, 1837 accepted as Parapholas californica (Conrad, 1837) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Pholas callosa Lamarck, 1818 accepted as Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758
- Species Pholas calva G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 accepted as Parapholas calva (G. B. Sowerby I, 1834) (original combination)
- Species Pholas candeana A. d'Orbigny, 1853 accepted as Pholas campechiensis Gmelin, 1791 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Species Pholas candidus Linnaeus, 1758 accepted as Barnea candida (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Pholas caribaea A. d'Orbigny, 1846 accepted as Martesia cuneiformis (Say, 1822) (junior synonym)
- Species Pholas clausus Hanley, 1842 accepted as Talona explanata (Spengler, 1792)
- Species Pholas clavata Lamarck, 1818 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Pholas concamerata Deshayes, 1839 accepted as Penitella penita (Conrad, 1837)
- Species Pholas conoidea Deshayes, 1824 † accepted as Martesia conoidea (Deshayes, 1824) † (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Pholas conoides J. Parsons, 1766 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Pholas constricta G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Penitella gabbii (Tryon, 1863)
- Species Pholas corticaria G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Pholas costata [sic] accepted as Pholas costatus Linnaeus, 1758 accepted as Cyrtopleura costata (Linnaeus, 1758) (unaccepted > incorrect grammatical agreement of specific epithet)
- Species Pholas costatus Linnaeus, 1758 accepted as Cyrtopleura costata (Linnaeus, 1758) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Pholas costulata Goodall, 1890 accepted as Barnea candida (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Pholas crenulatus Spengler, 1792 accepted as Barnea parva (Pennant, 1777)
- Species Pholas crispata (Linnaeus, 1758) accepted as Zirfaea crispata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Pholas crucifera auct. accepted as Cyrtopleura crucigera (G. B. Sowerby I, 1834) (misspelling)
- Species Pholas cruciger G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 accepted as Cyrtopleura crucigera (G. B. Sowerby I, 1834) (original combination)
- Species Pholas cuneiformis Say, 1822 accepted as Martesia cuneiformis (Say, 1822) (original combination)
- Species Pholas cupula Yokoyama, 1924 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Pholas curta G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 accepted as Diplothyra curta (G. B. Sowerby I, 1834) (original combination)
- Species Pholas cylindricus J. Sowerby, 1818 † accepted as Barnea candida (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Pholas dactylina Locard, 1886 accepted as Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758
- Species Pholas dactyloides Lamarck, 1818 accepted as Barnea parva (Pennant, 1777)
- Species Pholas darwinii G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Netastoma darwinii (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
- Species Pholas davidi Deshayes, 1874 accepted as Barnea davidi (Deshayes, 1874)
- Species Pholas decussata Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1827 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Pholas delecta Deshayes, 1856 † accepted as Martesia delecta (Deshayes, 1856) † (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Pholas dilatata Souleyet, 1843 accepted as Barnea dilatata (Souleyet, 1843)
- Species Pholas dilecta Pilsbry & H. N. Lowe, 1932 accepted as Pholas chiloensis Molina, 1782
- Species Pholas duboisi Locard, 1891 accepted as Barnea parva (Pennant, 1777)
- Species Pholas dutemplei Deshayes, 1856 † accepted as Jouannetia dutemplei (Deshayes, 1856) † (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Pholas edwardsi Monterosato, 1878 accepted as Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758
- Species Pholas edwardsii Tryon, 1862 accepted as Martesia cuneiformis (Say, 1822) (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
- Species Pholas elegans Deshayes, 1856 † accepted as Martesia elegans (Deshayes, 1856) † (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Pholas explanata Spengler, 1792 accepted as Talona explanata (Spengler, 1792)
- Species Pholas faba Pulteney, 1799 accepted as Rocellaria dubia (Pennant, 1777)
- Species Pholas falcata G. B. Sowerby II, 1872 accepted as Martesia cuneiformis (Say, 1822) (invalid: junior homonym of Pholas falcata W. Wood, 1815)
- Species Pholas falcata W. Wood, 1815 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Pholas fragilis G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Barnea fragilis (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
- Species Pholas fragilis G. B. Sowerby II, 1849, sensu Smith, 1904 accepted as Barnea alfredensis (Bartsch, 1915) (misapplication)
- Species Pholas gibbosa A. d'Orbigny, 1846 accepted as Xylophaga globosa G. B. Sowerby I, 1835
- Species Pholas giganteus J. De C. Sowerby, 1836 † accepted as Pholadomya gigantea (J. De C. Sowerby, 1836) † (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Pholas globulosa Quoy & Gaimard, 1835 accepted as Jouannetia globulosa (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835)
- Species Pholas goodall Blainville, 1826 accepted as Pholadidea loscombiana W. Turton, 1819
- Species Pholas grayana G. B. Sowerby II, 1872 accepted as Diplothyra curta (G. B. Sowerby I, 1834)
- Species Pholas hians [Lightfoot], 1786 accepted as Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758
- Species Pholas hians Gmelin, 1791 accepted as Lamychaena hians (Gmelin, 1791) (original combination)
- Species Pholas hornbeckii A. d'Orbigny, 1853 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Pholas incei G. B. Sowerby II, 1872 accepted as Pholas incii G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Parapholas quadrizonata (Spengler, 1792) (Error or emendation of Pholas incii)
- Species Pholas incii G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Parapholas quadrizonata (Spengler, 1792)
- Species Pholas janellii Deshayes, 1839 accepted as Parapholas californica (Conrad, 1837) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Species Pholas jordani van Hoepen, 1941 accepted as Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758
- Species Pholas jouanneti Deshayes, 1839 accepted as Jouannetia semicaudata Desmoulins, 1828 (unaccepted > junior objective synonym)
- Species Pholas krebsi Krebs, 1864 accepted as Martesia cuneiformis (Say, 1822)
- Species Pholas lamellata W. Turton, 1822 accepted as Pholadidea loscombiana W. Turton, 1819
- Species Pholas lamellosa A. d'Orbigny, 1841 accepted as Barnea lamellosa (A. d'Orbigny, 1841)
- Species Pholas lanceolata A. d'Orbigny, 1841 accepted as Cyrtopleura lanceolata (A. d'Orbigny, 1841)
- Species Pholas laqueata G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Pholas chiloensis Molina, 1782
- Species Pholas latissima G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Barnea dilatata (Souleyet, 1843)
- Species Pholas levesquei Watelet, 1851 † accepted as Cyrtopleuropsis levesquei (Watelet, 1851) † (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Pholas ligamentina Deshayes, 1839 accepted as Barnea parva (Pennant, 1777)
- Species Pholas ligniperda G. B. Sowerby II, 1872 accepted as Martesia multistriata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
- Species Pholas lignorum Spengler, 1779 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Pholas macrostoma R. A. Philippi, 1858 accepted as Netastoma darwinii (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
- Species Pholas manilensis R. A. Philippi, 1847 accepted as Barnea manilensis (R. A. Philippi, 1847) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Pholas manillae G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Barnea manilensis (R. A. Philippi, 1847)
- Species Pholas marmoratus Perry, 1811 accepted as Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758
- Species Pholas melanura G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 accepted as Pholadidea melanura (G. B. Sowerby I, 1834) (original combination)
- Species Pholas multistriata G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Martesia multistriata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
- Species Pholas muricatus da Costa, 1778 accepted as Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758
- Species Pholas mytiloides Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1827 accepted as Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758
- Species Pholas nanus Pulteney, 1799 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Pholas oblongata Say, 1822 accepted as Pholas campechiensis Gmelin, 1791
- Species Pholas obtecta G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Aspidopholas tubigera (Valenciennes, 1846)
- Species Pholas obturamentum Hedley, 1893 accepted as Barnea obturamentum (Hedley, 1893) (superceded combination)
- Species Pholas orbignyana Lévesque, 1847 † accepted as Cyrtopleuropsis levesquei (Watelet, 1851) † (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
- Species Pholas ovata G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Aspidopholas ovum (W. Wood, 1828)
- Species Pholas ovoidea Gould, 1851 accepted as Chaceia ovoidea (A. Gould, 1851)
- Species Pholas ovum W. Wood, 1828 accepted as Aspidopholas ovum (W. Wood, 1828)
- Species Pholas pacifica Stearns, 1871 accepted as Barnea subtruncata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1834) (junior synonym)
- Species Pholas papyracea W. Turton, 1822 accepted as Pholadidea loscombiana W. Turton, 1819
- Species Pholas papyraceus Spengler, 1792 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas papyraceus [Lightfoot], 1786 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas parva Pennant, 1777 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas patula Gould, 1850 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas penita Conrad, 1837 (unaccepted, original combination)
- Species Pholas piriformis Dunker, 1882 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas pusillus Linnaeus, 1758 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Species Pholas quadra G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 (unaccepted, original combination)
- Species Pholas quadrizonalis G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas quadrizonata Spengler, 1792 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas retifer Mörch, 1861 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas rivicola G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas rosea C. B. Adams, 1850 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas rostrata Valenciennes, 1846 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas rudis Tryon, 1862 (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
- Species Pholas scutata Deshayes, 1824 † (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas semicostata H. C. Lea, 1844 (unaccepted, basionym)
- Species Pholas siamensis Spengler, 1792 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas silicula Lamarck, 1818 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas similis J. E. Gray, 1835 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Pholas spathulata Deshayes, 1843 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas spathulata G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 (unaccepted, invalid: not Deshayes, 1843)
- Species Pholas striata Blainville, 1825 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas striatus Linnaeus, 1758 (unaccepted, original combination)
- Species Pholas subconstricta Yokoyama, 1924 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Species Pholas subtruncata G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 (unaccepted, original combination)
- Species Pholas sulcata T. Brown, 1827 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas suteri (E. Lamy, 1926) (unaccepted, superseded combination)
- Species Pholas tenuistriata Blainville, 1826 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas teredinaeformis G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas teredo O. F. Müller, 1776 (unaccepted, synonym)
- Species Pholas tripartita Deshayes, 1856 † (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Pholas truncata Say, 1822 (unaccepted, original combination)
- Species Pholas tuberculata W. Turton, 1822 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas tubifera G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 (unaccepted, original combination)
- Species Pholas ventricosa Anton, 1838 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas vibonensis R. A. Philippi, 1844 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas xilophaga Deshayes, 1835 (unaccepted)
- Species Pholas xylophaga Deshayes, 1839 (unaccepted > junior objective synonym)
- Species Pholas altior G. B. Sowerby I, 1847 † (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, use in recent liteature currently undocumented)
- Species Pholas branderi Basterot, 1825 † (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Pholas brevis G. B. Sowerby II, 1872 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
- Species Pholas compressa J. De C. Sowerby, 1829 † (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Pholas cordata Gmelin, 1791 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
- Species Pholas cornea G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
- Species Pholas cornueliana A. d'Orbigny, 1845 † (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Pholas erythraea G. B. Sowerby II, 1872 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, use in recent liteature currently undocumented)
- Species Pholas hommairei A. d'Orbigny, 1845 † (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Pholas patagonica R. A. Philippi, 1887 † (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Pholas paucispina Ihering, 1897 † (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Pholas priscus J. De C. Sowerby, 1828 † (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Pholas remondi R. A. Philippi, 1887 † (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Pholas rugosa Brocchi, 1814 † (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Pholas subcylindrica A. d'Orbigny, 1845 † (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Pholas triquetra Conrad, 1847 † (uncertain > unassessed)
marine
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. <em>Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae.</em> , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
page(s): 669 [details] Available for editors
[request]
page(s): 669 [details] Available for editors
![PDF available PDF available](https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia/images/pdf_lock.png)
MolluscaBase eds. (2024). MolluscaBase. Pholas Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138343 on 2024-09-07
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original description
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. <em>Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae.</em> , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
page(s): 669 [details] Available for editors
[request]
original description (of Hypogaea Poli, 1791) Poli J.X. (1791). <i>Testacea utriusque Siciliae eorumque historia et anatome tabulis aeneis illustrata.</i> Ex Regio Typographeio, Parmae. Vol. 1: pp. i-lxxiii, [1-6], i-x, 1-90, 1-50, [1], 1-74, pls 1-18. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44019471
page(s): introduction, p. 29 [details]
context source (PeRMS) Paredes, C.; Cardoso, F.; Santamaría, J.; Esplana, J.; Llaja, L. (2016). Lista anotada de los bivalvos marinos del Perú. <em>Revista peruana de biología.</em> 23(2), 127-150., available online at http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1727-99332016000200006 [details]
basis of record Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. <em>Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 180-213., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/ocrd/254404.pdf [details]
redescription Coan, E. V.; Valentich-Scott, P. (2012). Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. 2 vols, 1258 pp. [details]
page(s): 669 [details] Available for editors
![PDF available PDF available](https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia/images/pdf_lock.png)
original description (of Hypogaea Poli, 1791) Poli J.X. (1791). <i>Testacea utriusque Siciliae eorumque historia et anatome tabulis aeneis illustrata.</i> Ex Regio Typographeio, Parmae. Vol. 1: pp. i-lxxiii, [1-6], i-x, 1-90, 1-50, [1], 1-74, pls 1-18. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44019471
page(s): introduction, p. 29 [details]
context source (PeRMS) Paredes, C.; Cardoso, F.; Santamaría, J.; Esplana, J.; Llaja, L. (2016). Lista anotada de los bivalvos marinos del Perú. <em>Revista peruana de biología.</em> 23(2), 127-150., available online at http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1727-99332016000200006 [details]
basis of record Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. <em>Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 180-213., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/ocrd/254404.pdf [details]
redescription Coan, E. V.; Valentich-Scott, P. (2012). Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. 2 vols, 1258 pp. [details]
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From editor or global species database
Grammatical gender treated as masculine by Linnaeus but as feminine by most subsequent authors; grom greek φωλάς, "lurking in a hole" [details]