HABs taxon details
Nodularia spumigena Mertens ex Bornet & Flahault, 1888
160566 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:160566)
accepted
Species
marine, fresh
Not documented
Harmful effect The tumor promoter (hepatotoxin) nodularin (a cyclic pentapeptide) has been found in many strains of this brackish water...
Identification Populations from the Baltic Sea were studied several times using molecular methods, but with various results: Hanley & al....
Harmful effect The tumor promoter (hepatotoxin) nodularin (a cyclic pentapeptide) has been found in many strains of this brackish water species. It is known from the Baltic sea to accumulate in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and in fish such as the flounder (Platichthys flesus) and the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). The fish obtain the toxin by eating the toxic mussels, and the toxin is mainly concentrated in the liver of the fish. Concentration in the flesh has been documented in the round goby.
Human swimming in a bloom may cause a rash, probably caused by lipopolysaccharide endoxins. [details]
Human swimming in a bloom may cause a rash, probably caused by lipopolysaccharide endoxins. [details]
Identification Populations from the Baltic Sea were studied several times using molecular methods, but with various results: Hanley & al....
Identification Populations from the Baltic Sea were studied several times using molecular methods, but with various results: Hanley & al. (1997) stress the genetic identity of coiled and f straight forms of filaments and found 8 slightly genetically different types within pelagic populations; Lehtimaki & al. (1998) recognised 3 different types, but they are not in agreement with the 3 planktic species, which were described from the Baltic Sea (N. baltica, N. spumigena and N. litorea). The problem of genetic diversity of Baltic populations is not yet solved satisfactory. Both straight and coiled filaments occur arbitrarily in planktic populations, but mostly ± straight trichomes occur in culture. The reason for change of the form of trichomes in not known. The nonplanktic populations (obligately without gas vesicles) do not belong to this species (e. g., from New Caledonia, Bourrelly 1984). The following populations are also problematic: sensu Tiffany (1934) from the Pelee Channel, Lake Erie, USA, with cells 3-4 x 8-12 μm, filaments 8-18 μm wide, and akinetes 6-10 x 12-15 μm; sensu Kol (1959) from West Greenland with filaments 15-16 μm wide and yellow sheaths; sensu Welsh (1964) from freshwater habitats in South Africa with cells 2-5 x 12 μm, heterocytes 5-13 μm and akinetes 13-17 μm; sensu Gopal & al. (1975) from moist soils in India, with cells 3.5-4.8 x 5-9.6 µm, het-erocytes 3.5-4.8 x 6.4-9.6 μm, and perfectly spherical akinetes 8.5-11.2 μm in diameter. The var. zujaris Gonzalez-Guerrero 1930 from Spain is not identifiable, but belongs rather to the genus Anabaena. [details]
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Nodularia spumigena Mertens ex Bornet & Flahault, 1888. Accessed through: Lundholm, N.; Churro, C.; Escalera, L.; Fraga, S.; Hoppenrath, M.; Iwataki, M.; Larsen, J.; Mertens, K.; Moestrup, Ø.; Murray, S.; Tillmann, U.; Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards) IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae at: https://www.marinespecies.org/hab/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160566 on 2024-10-09
Lundholm, N.; Churro, C.; Escalera, L.; Fraga, S.; Hoppenrath, M.; Iwataki, M.; Larsen, J.; Mertens, K.; Moestrup, Ø.; Murray, S.; Tillmann, U.; Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae. Nodularia spumigena Mertens ex Bornet & Flahault, 1888. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/hab/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160566 on 2024-10-09
Date
action
by
context source (HKRMS)
Nagarkar S .(1996). The ecology of intertidal epilithic biofilms with special reference to cyanobacteria. PhD thesis. The University of Hong Kong.Hong Kong. [details]
context source (RAS) Australian Antarctic Data Centre. , available online at https://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/biodiversity/ [details]
basis of record Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
basis of record TMAP - Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Program database, available online at http://www.waddensea-secretariat.org/TMAP/Monitoring.html [details]
additional source Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. <em>Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France.</em> 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details]
additional source Silva, P. C.; Basson, P. W.; Moe, R. L. (1996). Catalogue of the benthic marine algae of the Indian Ocean. <em>University of California Publications in Botany.</em> 79: 1-1259., available online at https://books.google.be/books?hl=pt-PT&lr=&id=vtBdDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq=Catalogue+of+the+benthic+marine+algae+of+the+Indian+Ocean&ots=FL-YOKu8Cx&sig=3PmT926F1rNHQTf1AhDeY-ztmu4#v=onepage&q=Catalogue%20of%20the%20benthic%20marine%20algae%20of%20the%20 [details]
additional source Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
toxicology source McGregor, G. B.; Stewart, I.; Sendall, B. C.; Sadler, R.; Reardon, K.; Carter, S.; Wruck, D.; Wickramasinghe, W. (2012). First Report of a Toxic Nodularia spumigena (Nostocales/ Cyanobacteria) Bloom in Sub-Tropical Australia. I. Phycological and Public Health Investigations. <em>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.</em> 9(7): 2396-2411., available online at https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9072396 [details]
context source (RAS) Australian Antarctic Data Centre. , available online at https://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/biodiversity/ [details]
basis of record Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
basis of record TMAP - Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Program database, available online at http://www.waddensea-secretariat.org/TMAP/Monitoring.html [details]
additional source Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. <em>Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France.</em> 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details]
additional source Silva, P. C.; Basson, P. W.; Moe, R. L. (1996). Catalogue of the benthic marine algae of the Indian Ocean. <em>University of California Publications in Botany.</em> 79: 1-1259., available online at https://books.google.be/books?hl=pt-PT&lr=&id=vtBdDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq=Catalogue+of+the+benthic+marine+algae+of+the+Indian+Ocean&ots=FL-YOKu8Cx&sig=3PmT926F1rNHQTf1AhDeY-ztmu4#v=onepage&q=Catalogue%20of%20the%20benthic%20marine%20algae%20of%20the%20 [details]
additional source Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
toxicology source McGregor, G. B.; Stewart, I.; Sendall, B. C.; Sadler, R.; Reardon, K.; Carter, S.; Wruck, D.; Wickramasinghe, W. (2012). First Report of a Toxic Nodularia spumigena (Nostocales/ Cyanobacteria) Bloom in Sub-Tropical Australia. I. Phycological and Public Health Investigations. <em>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.</em> 9(7): 2396-2411., available online at https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9072396 [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Harmful effect The tumor promoter (hepatotoxin) nodularin (a cyclic pentapeptide) has been found in many strains of this brackish water species. It is known from the Baltic sea to accumulate in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and in fish such as the flounder (Platichthys flesus) and the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). The fish obtain the toxin by eating the toxic mussels, and the toxin is mainly concentrated in the liver of the fish. Concentration in the flesh has been documented in the round goby.Human swimming in a bloom may cause a rash, probably caused by lipopolysaccharide endoxins. [details]
From regional or thematic species database
Description Filaments solitary or in irregular clusters, (7?) 8-12 (13-18?) μm wide, with wide variability in shape, ± straight, curved or irregularly spirally and densely coiled, forming free-floating scummy colonies; trichomes cylindrical, constricted at the cross-walls, not attenuated towards ends; sheaths thick, fine, usually distinct, de-limited, colourless and transparent, sometimes diffluent at the margin, sometimes a little irregularly swollen and transversely lamellated. Cells discoid, ± cylindrical or shortly barrel-shaped, olive-green, mainly with aerotopes (which are absent only under unfavourable conditions), 2-4 (5.6) x (6?) 6.8-12 (16?) μm. Heterocytes transversely oval, (2) 3.5-5 (7-10?) x (7.5?) 9-13.7 (16?) μm. Akinetes com-pressed, (5.7) 6-10.8 (15) x (8) 10-12 (15-18?) μm, rarely up to almost spherical and 8-10 μm in diameter, with brownish cell-wall, in series or in discontinuous rows, rarely solitary or in pairs at arbitrary places in the trichome. [details]Identification Populations from the Baltic Sea were studied several times using molecular methods, but with various results: Hanley & al. (1997) stress the genetic identity of coiled and f straight forms of filaments and found 8 slightly genetically different types within pelagic populations; Lehtimaki & al. (1998) recognised 3 different types, but they are not in agreement with the 3 planktic species, which were described from the Baltic Sea (N. baltica, N. spumigena and N. litorea). The problem of genetic diversity of Baltic populations is not yet solved satisfactory. Both straight and coiled filaments occur arbitrarily in planktic populations, but mostly ± straight trichomes occur in culture. The reason for change of the form of trichomes in not known. The nonplanktic populations (obligately without gas vesicles) do not belong to this species (e. g., from New Caledonia, Bourrelly 1984). The following populations are also problematic: sensu Tiffany (1934) from the Pelee Channel, Lake Erie, USA, with cells 3-4 x 8-12 μm, filaments 8-18 μm wide, and akinetes 6-10 x 12-15 μm; sensu Kol (1959) from West Greenland with filaments 15-16 μm wide and yellow sheaths; sensu Welsh (1964) from freshwater habitats in South Africa with cells 2-5 x 12 μm, heterocytes 5-13 μm and akinetes 13-17 μm; sensu Gopal & al. (1975) from moist soils in India, with cells 3.5-4.8 x 5-9.6 µm, het-erocytes 3.5-4.8 x 6.4-9.6 μm, and perfectly spherical akinetes 8.5-11.2 μm in diameter. The var. zujaris Gonzalez-Guerrero 1930 from Spain is not identifiable, but belongs rather to the genus Anabaena. [details]
