WoRMS taxon details
Spionidae Grube, 1850
Polydoridae Benham, 1896 · unaccepted (unused at family rank, some...)
unused at family rank, some informal use downgraded to tribe Polydorini
- Genus Aciculaspio Blake & Ramey-Balci, 2020
- Genus Amphipolydora Blake, 1983
- Genus Aonidella López-Jamar, 1989
- Genus Aonides Claparède, 1864
- Genus Apoprionospio Foster, 1969
- Genus Atherospio Mackie & Duff, 1986
- Genus Aurospio Maciolek, 1981
- Genus Australospio Blake & Kudenov, 1978
- Genus Boccardia Carazzi, 1893
- Genus Boccardiella Blake & Kudenov, 1978
- Genus Carazziella Blake & Kudenov, 1978
- Genus Dipolydora Verrill, 1881
- Genus Dispio Hartman, 1951
- Genus Glandulospio Meißner, Bick, Guggolz & Götting, 2014
- Genus Glyphochaeta Bick, 2005
- Genus Laonice Malmgren, 1867
- Genus Laubieriellus Maciolek, 1981
- Genus Lindaspio Blake & Maciolek, 1992
- Genus Malacoceros Quatrefages, 1843
- Genus Marenzelleria Mesnil, 1896
- Genus Microspio Mesnil, 1896
- Genus Orthoprionospio Blake & Kudenov, 1978
- Genus Paraprionospio Caullery, 1914
- Genus Polydora Bosc, 1802
- Genus Polydorella Augener, 1914
- Genus Prionospio Malmgren, 1867
- Genus Pseudopolydora Czerniavsky, 1881
- Genus Pygophyllum Schmarda, 1861
- Genus Pygospio Claparède, 1863
- Genus Pygospiopsis Blake, 1983
- Genus Rhynchospio Hartman, 1936
- Genus Scolecolepides Ehlers, 1907
- Genus Scolelepis Blainville, 1828
- Genus Spio Fabricius, 1785
- Genus Spiogalea Aguirrezabalaga & Ceberio, 2005
- Genus Spiophanella Fauchald & Hancock, 1981
- Genus Spiophanes Grube, 1860
- Genus Streblospio Webster, 1879
- Genus Tripolydora Woodwick, 1964
- Genus Xandaros Maciolek, 1981
- Genus Anaspio Chamberlin, 1920 accepted as Prionospio Malmgren, 1867 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Aonis sensu Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833 [Not Savigny, 1822] accepted as Scolelepis Blainville, 1828 (misapplication of Savigny's genus for Nereis caeca (Nephtyidae))
- Genus Aonopsis Wagner, 1885 (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
- Genus Aquilaspio Foster, 1971 accepted as Prionospio Malmgren, 1867 (subjective synonymy)
- Genus Aricideopsis Johnson, 1901 accepted as Laonice Malmgren, 1867 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Asetocalamyzas Tzetlin, 1985 accepted as Scolelepis Blainville, 1828 (dwarf male of a spionid, not a parasitic syllid as originally described)
- Genus Colobranchus Schmarda, 1861 accepted as Malacoceros Quatrefages, 1843 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Ctenospio Sars, 1867 (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
- Genus Euspio McIntosh, 1915 accepted as Spio Fabricius, 1785 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Hekaterobranchus Buchanan, 1890 accepted as Streblospio Webster, 1879 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Kinbergella McIntosh, 1909 accepted as Prionospio Malmgren, 1867 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Leipoceras Möbius, 1874 accepted as Dipolydora Verrill, 1881 (subjective synonymy of the type species)
- Genus Leucodore Johnston, 1838 accepted as Polydora Bosc, 1802 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Leucodorum [misspelling for Leucodore] accepted as Polydora Bosc, 1802 (deliberate misspelling)
- Genus Mandane Kinberg, 1866 accepted as Laonice Malmgren, 1867 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Mesospio Gravier, 1911 accepted as Microspio Mesnil, 1896 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Minuspio Foster, 1971 accepted as Prionospio Malmgren, 1867 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Morants Chamberlin, 1919 accepted as Spiophanes Grube, 1860 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Neoboccardia Buzhinskaja, 1985 accepted as Boccardia Carazzi, 1893 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Neopygospio Berkeley & Berkeley, 1954 accepted as Pseudopolydora Czerniavsky, 1881 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Nerine Johnston, 1838 accepted as Scolelepis Blainville, 1828 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Nerinides Mesnil, 1896 accepted as Scolelepis Blainville, 1828 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Paraboccardia Rainer, 1973 accepted as Boccardia Carazzi, 1893 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Paraspio Czerniavsky, 1881 accepted as Spio Fabricius, 1785 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Pasithoe Rafinesque, 1815 (unaccepted > nomen nudum, name only, no description, no species)
- Genus Periptyches Grube, 1873 accepted as Prionospio Malmgren, 1867 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Pseudatherospio Lovell, 1994 accepted as Pygospiopsis Blake, 1983 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Pseudomalacoceros Czerniavsky, 1881 accepted as Scolelepis Blainville, 1828 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Pseudonerine Augener, 1926 accepted as Scolelepis Blainville, 1828 (junior homonym, subjective synonym)
- Genus Pteriptyches [auct. misspelling for 'Periptyches] accepted as Periptyches Grube, 1873 accepted as Prionospio Malmgren, 1867 (subsequent author misspelling)
- Genus Scolecolepis Malmgren, 1867 accepted as Scolelepis Blainville, 1828 (unjustified spelling emendation of Scolelepis Blainville, 1828)
- Genus Scolepis [auctt.] accepted as Scolelepis Blainville, 1828 (misspelling)
- Genus Spionereis Sars, 1853 (unaccepted > nomen nudum, unavailable as no description)
- Genus Spionides Webster & Benedict, 1887 accepted as Laonice Malmgren, 1867 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Uncinia Quatrefages, 1866 accepted as Malacoceros Quatrefages, 1843 (subjective synonym)
- Genus Cheironotus Costa, 1861 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, disused name, with type species unidentifiable)
- Genus Nerinopsis Ehlers, 1912 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, based on an indeterminable spionid planktonic larva)
- Genus Perialla Kinberg, 1866 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, candidate nomen oblitum as senior subjective synonym)
- Genus Polybranchia Potts, 1928 (uncertain > nomen dubium, unreplaced junior homonym; based on an unidentifiable species )
- Genus Pseudonerine Czerniavsky, 1881 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, type species unidentifiable)
- Genus Spione Örsted, 1845 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, indeterminable type species with no type)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent only
Grube, Adolf Eduard. (1850). Die Familien der Anneliden. <em>Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Berlin.</em> 16(1): 249-364., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6958350
page(s): 314; note: originally as Spiodea [details]
page(s): 314; note: originally as Spiodea [details]
Read, G.; Fauchald, K. (Ed.) (2024). World Polychaeta Database. Spionidae Grube, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=913 on 2024-09-08
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2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
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The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License
original description
Grube, Adolf Eduard. (1850). Die Familien der Anneliden. <em>Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Berlin.</em> 16(1): 249-364., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6958350
page(s): 314; note: originally as Spiodea [details]
original description (of Polydoridae Benham, 1896) Benham, W.B. 1896. The Archiannelida, Polychaeta, Myzostomaria, in S.F. Harmer and A.E. Shipley eds., The Cambridge Natural History: England, MacMillan and Co., Ltd., p. 241-344.
page(s): 323; note: for Polydora [details]
identification resource Fauchald, K. (1977). The polychaete worms, definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. <em>Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: Los Angeles, CA (USA), Science Series.</em> 28:1-188., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/123110.pdf [details]
identification resource Blake, J.A. 1996. Family Spionidae Grube, 1850. pages 81-223. IN: Blake, James A.; Hilbig, Brigitte; and Scott, Paul H. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. 6 - The Annelida Part 3. Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. Santa Barbara [details]
identification resource Blake, J.A. 1980. Polychaeta Spionidae from American and Antarctic Seas. American Zoologist 20(4): 264. [details]
identification resource Maciolek Blake, Nancy. 1983: Systematics of Atlantic Spionidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) with special reference to deep-water species. Ph. D. thesis. Boston University [details]
identification resource Abe, Hirokazu; Sato-Okoshi, Waka. (2021). Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan. <em>ZooKeys.</em> 1015: 1-86., available online at https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/54387/list/9/
note: keys and photos of larvae [details] Available for editors
[request]
page(s): 314; note: originally as Spiodea [details]
original description (of Polydoridae Benham, 1896) Benham, W.B. 1896. The Archiannelida, Polychaeta, Myzostomaria, in S.F. Harmer and A.E. Shipley eds., The Cambridge Natural History: England, MacMillan and Co., Ltd., p. 241-344.
page(s): 323; note: for Polydora [details]
identification resource Fauchald, K. (1977). The polychaete worms, definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. <em>Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: Los Angeles, CA (USA), Science Series.</em> 28:1-188., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/123110.pdf [details]
identification resource Blake, J.A. 1996. Family Spionidae Grube, 1850. pages 81-223. IN: Blake, James A.; Hilbig, Brigitte; and Scott, Paul H. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. 6 - The Annelida Part 3. Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. Santa Barbara [details]
identification resource Blake, J.A. 1980. Polychaeta Spionidae from American and Antarctic Seas. American Zoologist 20(4): 264. [details]
identification resource Maciolek Blake, Nancy. 1983: Systematics of Atlantic Spionidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) with special reference to deep-water species. Ph. D. thesis. Boston University [details]
identification resource Abe, Hirokazu; Sato-Okoshi, Waka. (2021). Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan. <em>ZooKeys.</em> 1015: 1-86., available online at https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/54387/list/9/
note: keys and photos of larvae [details] Available for editors
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From editor or global species database
Classification Classification of Spionidae into subfamilies has been relatively little used as, apart from the Polydora-group of genera, the groupings are not obvious. The Polydora-group are also seen as tribe Polydorini (polydorins) following Benham (1896) who created Polydoridae solely for the genus Polydora, based on the chaetiger 5 spines and a lack of branchiae on chaetigers 1-5.Mesnil (1896) analysed the relationship of existing spionid genera, but did not assign subgroup names to them. Mesnil (1897) removed Disoma (now Trochochaeta) from Spionidae to Disomidae (now Trochochaetidae).
Söderström (1920) created subfamilies Spioninae, Nerininae, and Laonicinae.
Spioninae Söderström included Spio, Microspio, Pygospio, and Polydora (Boccardia was not mentioned, but it would also include Boccardia and the other Polydora-group genera). According to Blake (1996:82) these genera had thin-membraned eggs, long-headed sperm, and egg capsules, whereas all other spionids had thick-membraned eggs and short-headed sperm.
Nerininae Söderström included Nerine (now Scolelepis or Malacoceros), Colobranchus (now Malacoceros), Scolecolepis (now Scolelepis), and Aonides. Thus the current genera are Scolelepis, Malacoceros, and Aonides.
Laonicinae Söderström included Laonice, Prionospio, and Spiophanes.
As there are now about 40 valid Spionidae genera, Söderström's classification would require a new analysis to apply it further. Blake & Arnofsky (1999) could confirm only a clade for subfamily Spioninae in their morphological analysis. As yet (May 2021) there appears to be no molecular analysis which examines the relationship of the main spionid genera, or genera in apparently closely related families.
[details]
Language | Name | |
---|---|---|
English | spiosspionidsspionid worms | [details] |
German | Haarwürmer | [details] |
Japanese | スピオ科 | [details] |