WoRMS taxon details
Actinia equina (Linnaeus, 1758)
100803 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:100803)
accepted
Species
Actinea chiococca · unaccepted
Actinea margaritifera · unaccepted
Actinea mesembryanthemum · unaccepted
Actinia (Priapus) equina (Linnaeus, 1758) · alternative representation
Actinia cerasum Dalyell, 1848 · unaccepted
Actinia chiococca Cocks in Johnston, 1847 · unaccepted
Actinia corallina Risso, 1827 · unaccepted
Actinia equina mesembryanthemum Linn. · unaccepted
Actinia equina var. chiococca Andr. · unaccepted
Actinia equine · unaccepted
Actinia equini · unaccepted
Actinia hemisphaerica Pennant, 1777 · unaccepted
Actinia hemispherica Pennant, 1777 · unaccepted
Actinia margaritifera Templeton, 1836 · unaccepted
Actinia purpurea Cuvier, 1798 · unaccepted
Actinia rubra (Forsskål, 1775) · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Priapus equinus Linnaeus, 1758 · unaccepted
Priapus ruber Forsskål, 1775 · unaccepted
- Subspecies Actinia equina atlantica Schmidt, 1971 accepted as Actinia sali Monteiro, Sole-Cava & Thorpe, 1997
- Subspecies Actinia equina cari Delle Chiaje, 1822 accepted as Actinia cari Delle Chiaje, 1822
- Subspecies Actinia equina mediterranea Schmidt, 1971 accepted as Actinia mediterranea Schmidt, 1971
- Subspecies Actinia equina mesembryanthemum Linn. accepted as Actinia equina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Subspecies Actinia equina prasina accepted as Actinia prasina Gosse, 1860
- Variety Actinia equina var. chiococca Andr. accepted as Actinia equina (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Variety Actinia equina var. fragacea Gosse accepted as Actinia fragacea Tugwell, 1856
- Variety Actinia equina var. striata Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 accepted as Actinia striata Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
- Variety Actinia equina var. striata Rizzi, 1907 accepted as Actinia striata Rizzi, 1907
- Variety Actinia equina var. striata accepted as Paractinia striata (Risso, 1826)
- Subspecies Actinia equina castanea (uncertain > nomen dubium)
- Subspecies Actinia equina coccinea (uncertain > nomen dubium)
- Subspecies Actinia equina concentrica (uncertain > nomen dubium)
- Subspecies Actinia equina equina (uncertain > nomen dubium)
- Subspecies Actinia equina glauca (uncertain > nomen dubium)
- Subspecies Actinia equina hemisphaerica (uncertain > nomen dubium)
- Subspecies Actinia equina hepatica (uncertain > nomen dubium)
- Subspecies Actinia equina japonica (uncertain > nomen dubium)
- Subspecies Actinia equina olivacea (uncertain > nomen dubium)
- Subspecies Actinia equina pontica (uncertain > nomen dubium)
- Subspecies Actinia equina rubra (uncertain > nomen dubium)
- Subspecies Actinia equina rufa (uncertain > nomen dubium)
- Variety Actinia equina var. umbrina (uncertain > nomen dubium)
- Variety Actinia equina var. viridis (uncertain > nomen dubium)
marine, terrestrial
(of Priapus equinus Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. <em>Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae.</em> , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors
[request]
![PDF available PDF available](https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia/images/pdf_lock.png)
Rodríguez, E.; Fautin, D; Daly, M. (2024). World List of Actiniaria. Actinia equina (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=100803 on 2024-08-14
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original description
(of Priapus equinus Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. <em>Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae.</em> , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors
[request]
original description (of Priapus ruber Forsskål, 1775) Forskål P. (1775). Descriptiones Animalium, Avium, Amphibiorum, Piscium, Insectorum, Vermium; quae in Itinere Orientali Observavit Petrus Forskål. Post Mortem Auctoris editit Carsten Niebuhr. Adjuncta est materia Medica Kahirina. Mölleri, Hafniae, 19 + xxxiv + 164 pp. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2088059
page(s): 101-102 [details]
original description (of Actinia cerasum Dalyell, 1848) Dalyell, J. G. (1848). Rare and remarkable animals of Scotland, represented from living subjects: with practical observations on their nature. J.Van Voorst, London, 2: 1-iv, 322, available online at https://books.google.be/books?id=_vlKAQAAMAAJ&ots=A8k_UTOItn&dq=Dalyell%2C%20J.%20G.%091848%09Rare%20and%20remarkable%20animals%20of%20Scotland%2C%20represented%20from%20living%20subjects%3A%20with%20practical%20observations%20on%20their%20nature.&lr&pg=P
page(s): 219-223 [details]
original description (of Actinia chiococca Cocks in Johnston, 1847) Johnston, G. (1847). A history of British zoophytes. Van Voorst, Second edition, London. pp. vol. 1, pp. i-xvi, 1-488, vol. 2, plates 1-74. <em>Van Voorst, London.</em> 1: 1-499, figs 1-87; vol. 2: pls 1-74., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/17834260
page(s): 214 [details]
original description (of Actinia corallina Risso, 1827) Risso, A. (1827). Histoire Naturelle des Principales Productions de l'Europe Méridionale et Particulièrement de Celles des Environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Tome V. <em>Paris: F.-G. Levrault.</em> i-viii + 1-403 pp., [pls. 1-10], figs. 1-62., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39428259
page(s): 285 [details]
original description (of Actinia hemispherica Pennant, 1777) Pennant, T. (1777). British Zoology, vol. IV. Crustacea. Mollusca. Testacea. <em>London.</em> i-viii, 1-154, pls. 1-93., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127011
page(s): 41-42 [50] [details]
original description (of Actinia margaritifera Templeton, 1836) Templeton, R. (1836). A catalogue of the species of annulose animals, and of rayed ones, found in Ireland, as selected from the papers of the late J. Templeton, Esq., of Cranmore, with localities, descriptions, and illustrations. <em>The Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy, Geology and Metereology.</em> 9: 233-240, 301-305, 417-422, 466-475., available online at http://www.archive.org/stream/magazineofnatura09loud#page/233/mode/1up
page(s): 304 [details]
original description (of Actinia purpurea Cuvier, 1798) Cuvier, G. (1798). Tableau élémentaire de l'histoire naturelle des animaux. <em>Baudoin, Paris.</em> i-xvi, 1-710, Pl. 1-14. [pdf is for copepods :449-456]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11637076
page(s): 653 [details]
context source (HKRMS) Morton, B. & Morton, J. (1983). <i>The sea shore ecology of Hong Kong</i>. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. 350 pp. [details]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record van der Land, J.; den Hartog, J.H. (2001). Actiniaria, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 106-109 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Pennant, Thomas. (1812). British Zoology. A new edition in four volumes. vol IV. Class V. Crustacea. Class VI. Vermes. Wilkie & Robinson. London. xvi+379 pp. 95 pls., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34933712
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additional source MacNae, W. & M. Kalk (eds). (1958). A natural history of Inhaca Island, Mozambique. Witwatersrand Univ. Press, Johannesburg. I-iv, 163 pp. [details]
additional source de Blainville, H. M. (1830). Zoophytes. In: Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traitre méthodiquement des differéns êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utlité qu'en peuvent retirer la médicine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Edited by F. G. Levrault. Tome 60. Paris, Le Normat. Pp. 548, pls. 68. <em>Paris, 1830.</em> 60 : 1-546., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25318344
page(s): 291 [details]
additional source Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. <em>Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France.</em> 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details]
additional source Müller, O.F. (1776). Zoologiae Danicae prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum: characteres, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularium. <em>Typis Hallagerii, Havni, Copenhagen.</em> 282 pp., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47550
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additional source Moore, H. B. (1937). Marine fauna of the Isle of Man. <em>Proceedings and Transactions of the Liverpool Biological Society.</em> 50: 1-293, maps 1-3. (Crustacea: 87-142).
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additional source Gili, J.M., 1982. Fauna de cnidaris de les illes Medes. Treballs Inst. Cat. Hist. nat. 10 : 1-175.
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additional source Hamond, R. & B.G. Williams, 1977. The Ctenophora, Scyphozoa and Anthozoa of Norfolk, with additional notes on the Hydrozoa. Trans. Norfolk Norwich Nat. Soc. 24 : 58-74..
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additional source Ates, R.M.L., 1991. Predation on Cnidaria by vertebrates other than fishes. In: R.B. Williams, P.F.S. Cornelius, R.G. Hughes & E.A. Robson, eds., 1991. Coelenterate Biology: Recent research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Hydrobiologia 216217 : 305-307.
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additional source Robins, M.W., 1969. The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly. Cnidaria e Ctenophora. J. nat. Hist. 3 : 329-343.
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additional source Ross, D.M., 1974. Behavior patterns in associations and interactions with other animals. In: L. Muscatine & H.M. Lenhoff, eds, Coelenterate Biology. Reviews and new perspectives : 281-312.
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additional source Teissier, G., 1950. Inventaire de la faune marine de Roscoff. Cnidaires et cténaires. Trav. biol. Roscoff. n. ser. suppl. 1: 1-43.
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additional source Weill, R., 1929. New results from the study of Coelenterate nematocysts. Proc. U.S. Natn. Acad. Sci. 15 12: 887-892.
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additional source Weill, R., 1934. Contribution à l'étude des Cnidaires et de leurs nématocystes. II. Valeur taxonomique du cnidôme. Trav. Stn zool. Wimereux 11 : 349-701.
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additional source Schmidt, H., 1969. Die nesselkapseln der aktinien und ihre differentialdiagnostische bedeutung. The nematocysts of the sea anemones and their importance for differential-diagnosis. Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters. 19 : 284-317.
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additional source Chintiroglou, C. & A. Koukouras, 1991. Observations on the feeding habits of Calliactis parasitica (Couch, 1842), Anthozoa, Cnidaria. Oceanologica Acta 14 4: 389-396.
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additional source Heller, C. (1868). Die Zoophyten und Echinodermen des Adriatischen Meeres. <em>Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft von Wien.</em> 18, supplement: 1-88, 3 plates., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43291
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additional source Graeffe E. (1884). Übersicht der Seethierfauna des Golfes von Triest, nebst Notizen über Vorkommen, Lebensweise, Erscheinungs- und Fortpflanzungszeit der einzelnen Arten. III Coelenteraten. <em>Arbeiten des Zoologischen Instituts der Universität Wien.</em> 5: 333-362., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5242020
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additional source Dixon, G.Y. & A.F. Dixon, 1891. Report on the marine Invertebrate fauna near Dublin. Proc R. Ir. Acad. -32 : 19-33.
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additional source Hartlaub C. (1894). Die Coelenteraten Helgolands. Vorläufiger Bericht. <em>Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen n. ser.</em> 1(1): 161-206., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15339477
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additional source Stephens, J. (1905). A list of Irish Coelenterata, including the Ctenophora. <em>Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy.</em> 25: 25-92.
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additional source Bruguière, J. G. (1789-1792). <i>Encyclopédie méthodique ou par ordre de matières. Histoire naturelle des vers</i>, volume 1. Paris: Pancoucke. Pp. i-xviii, 1-344 [Livraison 32, June 1789]; 345-757 [Livraison 48, 13 Feb. 1792] [Dates after Evenhuis, 2003, <i>Zootaxa</i>, 166: 37; <i>Zootaxa</i>, 207, some modified by Evenhuis & Petit 2003 Zootaxa 207:1-4]. , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8892006
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additional source Laverack, M.S. & M. Blackler (eds.). (1974). Fauna and flora of St. Andrews Bay. <em>Edinburgh & London, Scottish Academic Press.</em> 310 pp.
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additional source Carlgren, O. (1921). Actiniaria I. <em>Danish Ingolf-Expedition.</em> 5(9):1-241, figs. 1-210, pls. 1-4., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/19695128
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additional source Turton, W. (1807). British Fauna, containing a compendium of the zoology of the British Islands; arranged according to the Linnean system. Vol. 1, Mammalia, birds, Amphibia, fishes and worms. 1-230., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/21554423
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additional source Williams, R.B. (1979). A survey of the littoral Anthozoa, with additional notes on some other marine invertebrates of Gower, South Wales. Nature in Wales 16(4):253-266.
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additional source Blainville, H. M. D. de. (1834). Manuel d'actinologie ou de zoophytologie. <em>F.G. Levroult. Paris: Strasbourg.</em> 1-2: 1-644, pls. I-C., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9680581
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additional source Leloup, E. (1964). Larves de Cerianthaires. <em>Discovery reports.</em> 33: 251-307.
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additional source Gravier, Ch., 1920. Larves d'Actiniaires provenant des campagnes scientifiques de S. A. S. le Prince Albert I de Monaco. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I Prince Souverain de Monaco 57: 3-25.
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additional source Gravenhorst I.L.C. (1831). Tergestina, oder Beobachtungen und Untersuchungen über einige bei Triest im Meere lebende Arten der Gattungen <i>Octopus, Doris, Pinna, Ascidia, Serpula, Echinus, Asterias, Ophiura, Holothuria, Actinia, Caryophyllia, Actinotus</i>. <i>Breslau [Wroclaw], W.G. Korn. 166 p.</i>: , available online at http://books.google.com/books?id=xRAAAAAAQAAJ
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additional source Carlgren, O. (1924). Die larven der Ceriantharien, Zoantharien und Actiniarien der deutschen Tiefsee-expedition mit einen Nachtrag zu den Zoantharien. <em>Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898-1899.</em> 19: 339-476.
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additional source Poche, 1907. Über den richtigen Gebrauch der Gattungsnamen Holothuria und Actinia, nebst einigen andern, grössenteils dadurch bedingten oder damit in Zusammenhang stehenden Änderungen in der Nomenclatur der Coelenteraten, Echinodemen und Tunicaten. Zoologischer Anzeiger 32: 126-128.
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additional source Carlgren, O. (1938). South African Actiniaria and Zoantharia. <em>Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar.</em> 17(3): 1-148.
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additional source Milne Edwards, H.; Haime, J. (1851). Monographie des polypiers fossiles des terrains palaeozoïques, précédée d'un tableau général de la classification des polypes. <em>Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Archives.</em> 5: 1–502, 20 pls., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25098869
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additional source Gravier, C. (1918). Note preliminaire sur les Hexactiniaires recueillis au cours des croisieres de la Princesse-Alice et de l'Hirondelle de 1888 a 1913 inclusivement. <i>Bull. Inst. Oceanogr., Monaco</i>. 346:1-24.
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additional source Braber, L.; Borghouts, H. (1977) Distribution and ecology of Anthozoa in the estuarine region of the rivers Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt., Hydrobiologia 52: 15-20
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additional source Dunn, Daphne Fautin (1982) Sexual reproduction of two intertidal sea anemone (Coelenterata: Actinaria) in Malaysia, Biotropica 14: 262-271
page(s): 267 [details]
additional source Hand, C.; Uhlinger, K. R. (1994). The Unique, Widely Distributed, Estuarine Sea Anemone, Nematostella vectensis Stephenson: A Review, New Facts, and Questions. Estuaries. 17(2): 501-508., available online at http://www.jstor.org/stable/1352679
page(s): 503 [details] Available for editors
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additional source Stephenson, T. A. (1935). The British Sea Anemones. Volume II. <em>The Ray Society. London.</em> pp. 426.
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additional source Andres, A. (1884). Le attinie. Volume primo, contente bibliografia, introduzione e specigrafia. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81386
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additional source den Hartog, J.C. & Ocaña, O. (2003). A new endemic Actinia species (Actiniaria: Actiniidae) from the central Macaronesian Archipelagos. <em>Zoologische Mededelingen.</em> 77: 229-244.
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additional source Grube, A E. (1864). Die Insel Lussin und ihre Meeresfauna. Breslau
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additional source Schama, R.; Mitchell, M.; Solé-Cava, A. M. (2011). Actinia ebhayiensis sp. nov., a new species of sea anemone (Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Actiniidae) from South Africa. <em>Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom.</em> 92(05): 885-894., available online at https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315411001305
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additional source Grieg, J. A. (1898). Skrabninger i Vaagsfjorden og Ulvesund, ytie Nordfjord. Bergens Mus. Aarsb., (1897) 16 : 1-27.
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additional source den Hartog J.C., Ates R.M.L. (2011). Actiniaria from Ria de Arosa, Galicia, northwestern Spain, in the Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden. <em>Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden.</em> 85 (2): 11-53.
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additional source Manuel, R. L. (1981). British Anthozoa. <em>London: Academic Press.</em> 241 pp. (Synopses of the British Fauna).
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additional source Carlgren, O. (1949). A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. <em>Kungliga Svenska Vet- enskapsakadamiens Handlingar.</em> 1: 1–121.
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additional source Fischer, P. (1889). Nouvelle contribution à l actinologie française. <em>Actes de la Société linnéenne de Bordeaux.</em> 43(5): 251-309. (look up in IMIS)
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additional source Harms, J. (1993). Check list of species (algae, invertebrates and vertebrates) found in the vicinity of the island of Helgoland (North Sea, German Bight) - a review of recent records. Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen, 47(1): 1-34, available online at http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02366182
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additional source Monteiro, F. A.; Solé-Cava, A. M.; Thorpe, J. P. (1997). Extensive genetic divergence between populations of the common intertidal sea anemone Actinia equina from Britain, the Mediterranean and the Cape Verde Islands. <em>Marine Biology.</em> 129(3): 425-433., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s002270050183
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additional source Bosc, L.A.G. (1801). Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés Contenant leur Description et leurs Moeurs; avec Figures Dessinées, d'Après Nature. <em>Paris: Chez Deterville.</em> 2: 1-296, pls. 6-18., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27817320
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additional source Pax F. (1908). Die Aktinienfauna Westafrikas. <em>Denkschrift. medizin. naturwiss. Gesellschaft Jena.</em> 13: 463-504.
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additional source Pennington, A. S. (1885). British zoophytes: an introduction to the Hydrozoa, Actinozoa, and Polyzoa fround in Great Britain, Ireland, and the Channel Islands. L. Reeve & Co., London, 363 pp., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/12208
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additional source Jourdan, E. (1880). Recherches zoologiques et histologiques sur les Zoanthaires du golfe de Marseille. <em>Annales des Sciences naturelles, Zoologie.</em> 10(1): 1-154.
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additional source Abel, E.F. (1959). Zur Kenntnis der marinen Hohlenfauna unter besonderer Beriicksichtigung der Anthozoen. <em>Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli.</em> 30 (Suppl. 1): 1-94.
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additional source Watzl, O. (1922). Die Aktiniarien der Bahamainseln. <em>Arkiv för Zoologi.</em> 14(24): 1-89.
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additional source Ottaway, J. R. (1979). Population Ecology of the Intertidal Anemone *Actinia tenebrosa.* II. * Geographical Distribution, Synonymy, Reproductive Cycle and Fecundity. <em>Australian Journal of Zoology.</em> 27(2), 273-290.
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additional source den Hartog, J. C. (1977). Notes on the little known sea anemone Cataphellia brodricii and on the closely allied Hormathia coronata and Paraphellia expansa (Actiniaria, Hormathiidae). Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 27(3): 237-244
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additional source Haylor, G. S.; Thorpe, J. P.; Carter, M. A. (1984). Genetic and ecological differentiation between sympatric colour morphs of the common intertidal sea anemone Actinia equina. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 16, 281-289
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additional source McCommas, S. A.; Lester, L. J. (1980). Electrophoretic evaluation of the taxonomic status of two species of sea anemone. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 8, 289-292
page(s): 289 [details]
additional source Manuel, R. L. (1977). A redescription of Edwardsia beautempsi and E. timida (Actiniaria: Edwardsidae). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 18, 483-497
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additional source Andres, A. (1883). Le Attinie (Monografia). Coi Tipi der Salviucci. Roma., volume 1 (Bibliografia, introduzione e specigrafia), pp. 460.
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additional source Nafilyan, Z. (1912). Matériaux pour la faune des Actinies des côtes de France. Les Actinies de Roscoff. Memoirs of the Society of Zoology of France, 25, 5-44
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additional source Schmidt, H. (1972). Bionomische studien an Mediterranen Anthozoen: die Anthozoenfauna des Strombolicchio (Äolische Inseln). Marine Biology, 15, 265-278
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additional source Chen, C.; Soong, K.; Chen, C. A. (2008). The smallest oocytes among broadcast-spawning actiniarians and a unique lunar reproductive cycle in a unisexual population of the sea anemone, Aiptasia pulchella (Anthozoa: Actiniaria). Zoological Studies, 47(1): 37-45
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additional source Honma, T.; Minagawa, S.; Nagai, H.; Ishida, M.; Nagashima, Y.; Shiomi, K. (2005). Novel peptide toxins from acrorhagi, aggressive organs of the sea anemone Actinia equina. Toxicon, 46, 7, 768-774
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additional source Sherman, C. D. H.; Peucker, A. J.; Ayre, D. J. (2007). Do reproductive tactics vary with habitat heterogeneity in the intertidal sea anemone Actinia tenebrosa?. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 340, 259-267
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additional source Williams, R. B. (1978). Some recent observations on the acrorhagi of sea anemones. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 58, 787-788
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additional source Ninh, T. D.; Nagashima, Y.; Shiomi, K. (2008). Unusual arsenic speciation in sea anemones. Chemosphere, 70, 1168-1174
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additional source Ross, D. M. (1960). The association between the hermit crab Eupagurus bernhardus (L.) and the sea anemone Calliactis parasitica (Couch). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 134, 1, 43-57
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additional source Ates, R. M. L. (2001). Kwallen als voedsel van zeeanemonen en van stormvogels [Jellyfish as food for sea anemones and fulmars]. Het Zeepaard, 62(5): 132-135
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additional source Monroy-Estrada, H. I.; Segura-Puertas, L.; Galván-Arzate, S.; Santamaría, A.; Sánchez-Rodríguez, J. (2007). The crude venom from the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus induces haemolysis and slight peroxidative damage in rat and human erythrocytes. Toxicology in Vitro, 21, 398-402
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additional source Alegre-Cebollada, J.; Oñaderra, M.; Gavilanes, J. G.; Martínez del Pozo, A. (2007). Sea anemone actinoporins: the transition from a folded soluble state to a functionally active membrane-bound oligomeric pore. Current Protein and Peptide Science, 8, 558-572
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additional source Corrêa, D. D. (1964). Corallimorpharia e Actiniaria do Atlantico Oeste Tropical. Universidade de São Paulo (Dissertation). São Paulo., pp. 139.
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additional source Faasse, M. A. (1996). Diadumene luciae (Verrill, 1869) en Balanus amphitrite Darwin, 1854 bij de koelwateruitlaat te Borssele. Het Zeepaard, 56, 73-76
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additional source Hoeksema, B. W.; Crowther, A. L. (2011). Masquerade, mimicry and crypsis of the polymorphic sea anemone Phyllodiscus semoni and its aggreagations in South Sulawesi. Contributions to Zoology, 80(4): 251-268
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additional source Ramil Blanco, F.; Pulpeiro, E. F. (1990). Inventario de los antozoos de Galicia. A checklist of the Anthozoa from Galicia. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, 86(1-4): 17-30
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additional source Faasse, M. A. (1997). Niewe vindplaatsen van de Groene Golfbrekeranemoon (Diadumene luciae Verrill, 1898). Het Zeepaard, 57, 76-80
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additional source Williams, R. B. (1975). A redescription of the brackish-water sea anemone Nematostella vectensis Stephenson, with an appraisal of congeneric species. Journal of Natural History, 9, 51-64
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additional source Williams, R. B.; Cornelius, P. F. S.; Clark, A. M. (1982). Proposed conservation of Actinia Linnaeus, 1767 and Actiniidae Goldfuss, 1820 (Coelenterata, Actiniaria) and Pentacta Goldfuss, 1820 (Echinodermata, Holothurioidea) Z.N.(S.) 825. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 39(4): 288-292
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additional source Il'ina, A. P.; Lipkin, A.; Barsova, E.; Issaeva, M. P.; Leychenko, E.; Guzev, K. V.; Monastyrnaya, M. M.; Lukyanov, S.; Kozlovskaya, E. P. (2006). Amino acid sequence of RTX-A's isoform actinoporin from the sea anemone, Radianthus macrodactylus. Toxicon, 47, 517-520
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additional source Acuña, F. H.; Excoffon, A. C.; Ricci, L. (2007). Composition, biometry and statistical relationships between the cnidom and body size in the sea anemone Oulactis muscosa (Cnidaria: Actiniaria). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 87, 415-419
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additional source Honma, T.; Kawahata, S.; Ishida, M.; Nagai, H.; Nagashima, Y.; Shiomi, K. (2008). Novel peptide proteins from the sea anemone Stichodactyla haddoni. Peptides, 29, 536-544
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additional source Delphy, J. (1939). Sur quelques problèmes d' Actinologie. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), XI, 2, (5): 479-483
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additional source Stephens, J. (1912). Coelenterata. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 31(58): 1-10
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additional source Andres, A. (1883). Le Attinie. Atti dell' Accademia de Lincei, 14, 3, Memorie, 211-673
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additional source Hensley, N. M.; Cook, T. C.; Lang, M.; Petelle, M. B.; Blumstein, D. T. (2012). Personality and habitat segregation in giant sea anemones (Condylactis gigantea). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 426-427, 1-4
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additional source Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
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additional source Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Linnaeus, C. (1767). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Ed. 12. 1., Regnum Animale. 1 & 2. <em>Holmiae [Stockholm], Laurentii Salvii.</em> pp. 1-532 [1766] pp. 533-1327 [1767]., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83650#5
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original description (of Priapus ruber Forsskål, 1775) Forskål P. (1775). Descriptiones Animalium, Avium, Amphibiorum, Piscium, Insectorum, Vermium; quae in Itinere Orientali Observavit Petrus Forskål. Post Mortem Auctoris editit Carsten Niebuhr. Adjuncta est materia Medica Kahirina. Mölleri, Hafniae, 19 + xxxiv + 164 pp. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2088059
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original description (of Actinia cerasum Dalyell, 1848) Dalyell, J. G. (1848). Rare and remarkable animals of Scotland, represented from living subjects: with practical observations on their nature. J.Van Voorst, London, 2: 1-iv, 322, available online at https://books.google.be/books?id=_vlKAQAAMAAJ&ots=A8k_UTOItn&dq=Dalyell%2C%20J.%20G.%091848%09Rare%20and%20remarkable%20animals%20of%20Scotland%2C%20represented%20from%20living%20subjects%3A%20with%20practical%20observations%20on%20their%20nature.&lr&pg=P
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original description (of Actinia chiococca Cocks in Johnston, 1847) Johnston, G. (1847). A history of British zoophytes. Van Voorst, Second edition, London. pp. vol. 1, pp. i-xvi, 1-488, vol. 2, plates 1-74. <em>Van Voorst, London.</em> 1: 1-499, figs 1-87; vol. 2: pls 1-74., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/17834260
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original description (of Actinia corallina Risso, 1827) Risso, A. (1827). Histoire Naturelle des Principales Productions de l'Europe Méridionale et Particulièrement de Celles des Environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Tome V. <em>Paris: F.-G. Levrault.</em> i-viii + 1-403 pp., [pls. 1-10], figs. 1-62., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39428259
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original description (of Actinia hemispherica Pennant, 1777) Pennant, T. (1777). British Zoology, vol. IV. Crustacea. Mollusca. Testacea. <em>London.</em> i-viii, 1-154, pls. 1-93., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127011
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original description (of Actinia margaritifera Templeton, 1836) Templeton, R. (1836). A catalogue of the species of annulose animals, and of rayed ones, found in Ireland, as selected from the papers of the late J. Templeton, Esq., of Cranmore, with localities, descriptions, and illustrations. <em>The Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy, Geology and Metereology.</em> 9: 233-240, 301-305, 417-422, 466-475., available online at http://www.archive.org/stream/magazineofnatura09loud#page/233/mode/1up
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original description (of Actinia purpurea Cuvier, 1798) Cuvier, G. (1798). Tableau élémentaire de l'histoire naturelle des animaux. <em>Baudoin, Paris.</em> i-xvi, 1-710, Pl. 1-14. [pdf is for copepods :449-456]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11637076
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context source (HKRMS) Morton, B. & Morton, J. (1983). <i>The sea shore ecology of Hong Kong</i>. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. 350 pp. [details]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record van der Land, J.; den Hartog, J.H. (2001). Actiniaria, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 106-109 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Pennant, Thomas. (1812). British Zoology. A new edition in four volumes. vol IV. Class V. Crustacea. Class VI. Vermes. Wilkie & Robinson. London. xvi+379 pp. 95 pls., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34933712
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additional source MacNae, W. & M. Kalk (eds). (1958). A natural history of Inhaca Island, Mozambique. Witwatersrand Univ. Press, Johannesburg. I-iv, 163 pp. [details]
additional source de Blainville, H. M. (1830). Zoophytes. In: Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traitre méthodiquement des differéns êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utlité qu'en peuvent retirer la médicine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Edited by F. G. Levrault. Tome 60. Paris, Le Normat. Pp. 548, pls. 68. <em>Paris, 1830.</em> 60 : 1-546., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25318344
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additional source Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. <em>Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France.</em> 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details]
additional source Müller, O.F. (1776). Zoologiae Danicae prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indigenarum: characteres, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularium. <em>Typis Hallagerii, Havni, Copenhagen.</em> 282 pp., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47550
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additional source Moore, H. B. (1937). Marine fauna of the Isle of Man. <em>Proceedings and Transactions of the Liverpool Biological Society.</em> 50: 1-293, maps 1-3. (Crustacea: 87-142).
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additional source Gili, J.M., 1982. Fauna de cnidaris de les illes Medes. Treballs Inst. Cat. Hist. nat. 10 : 1-175.
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additional source Hamond, R. & B.G. Williams, 1977. The Ctenophora, Scyphozoa and Anthozoa of Norfolk, with additional notes on the Hydrozoa. Trans. Norfolk Norwich Nat. Soc. 24 : 58-74..
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additional source Ates, R.M.L., 1991. Predation on Cnidaria by vertebrates other than fishes. In: R.B. Williams, P.F.S. Cornelius, R.G. Hughes & E.A. Robson, eds., 1991. Coelenterate Biology: Recent research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Hydrobiologia 216217 : 305-307.
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additional source Robins, M.W., 1969. The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly. Cnidaria e Ctenophora. J. nat. Hist. 3 : 329-343.
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additional source Ross, D.M., 1974. Behavior patterns in associations and interactions with other animals. In: L. Muscatine & H.M. Lenhoff, eds, Coelenterate Biology. Reviews and new perspectives : 281-312.
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additional source Teissier, G., 1950. Inventaire de la faune marine de Roscoff. Cnidaires et cténaires. Trav. biol. Roscoff. n. ser. suppl. 1: 1-43.
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additional source Weill, R., 1929. New results from the study of Coelenterate nematocysts. Proc. U.S. Natn. Acad. Sci. 15 12: 887-892.
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additional source Weill, R., 1934. Contribution à l'étude des Cnidaires et de leurs nématocystes. II. Valeur taxonomique du cnidôme. Trav. Stn zool. Wimereux 11 : 349-701.
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additional source Schmidt, H., 1969. Die nesselkapseln der aktinien und ihre differentialdiagnostische bedeutung. The nematocysts of the sea anemones and their importance for differential-diagnosis. Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters. 19 : 284-317.
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additional source Chintiroglou, C. & A. Koukouras, 1991. Observations on the feeding habits of Calliactis parasitica (Couch, 1842), Anthozoa, Cnidaria. Oceanologica Acta 14 4: 389-396.
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additional source Heller, C. (1868). Die Zoophyten und Echinodermen des Adriatischen Meeres. <em>Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft von Wien.</em> 18, supplement: 1-88, 3 plates., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43291
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additional source Graeffe E. (1884). Übersicht der Seethierfauna des Golfes von Triest, nebst Notizen über Vorkommen, Lebensweise, Erscheinungs- und Fortpflanzungszeit der einzelnen Arten. III Coelenteraten. <em>Arbeiten des Zoologischen Instituts der Universität Wien.</em> 5: 333-362., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5242020
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additional source Dixon, G.Y. & A.F. Dixon, 1891. Report on the marine Invertebrate fauna near Dublin. Proc R. Ir. Acad. -32 : 19-33.
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additional source Hartlaub C. (1894). Die Coelenteraten Helgolands. Vorläufiger Bericht. <em>Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen n. ser.</em> 1(1): 161-206., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15339477
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additional source Stephens, J. (1905). A list of Irish Coelenterata, including the Ctenophora. <em>Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy.</em> 25: 25-92.
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additional source Bruguière, J. G. (1789-1792). <i>Encyclopédie méthodique ou par ordre de matières. Histoire naturelle des vers</i>, volume 1. Paris: Pancoucke. Pp. i-xviii, 1-344 [Livraison 32, June 1789]; 345-757 [Livraison 48, 13 Feb. 1792] [Dates after Evenhuis, 2003, <i>Zootaxa</i>, 166: 37; <i>Zootaxa</i>, 207, some modified by Evenhuis & Petit 2003 Zootaxa 207:1-4]. , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8892006
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additional source Laverack, M.S. & M. Blackler (eds.). (1974). Fauna and flora of St. Andrews Bay. <em>Edinburgh & London, Scottish Academic Press.</em> 310 pp.
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additional source Carlgren, O. (1921). Actiniaria I. <em>Danish Ingolf-Expedition.</em> 5(9):1-241, figs. 1-210, pls. 1-4., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/19695128
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additional source Turton, W. (1807). British Fauna, containing a compendium of the zoology of the British Islands; arranged according to the Linnean system. Vol. 1, Mammalia, birds, Amphibia, fishes and worms. 1-230., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/21554423
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additional source Williams, R.B. (1979). A survey of the littoral Anthozoa, with additional notes on some other marine invertebrates of Gower, South Wales. Nature in Wales 16(4):253-266.
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additional source Blainville, H. M. D. de. (1834). Manuel d'actinologie ou de zoophytologie. <em>F.G. Levroult. Paris: Strasbourg.</em> 1-2: 1-644, pls. I-C., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9680581
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additional source Leloup, E. (1964). Larves de Cerianthaires. <em>Discovery reports.</em> 33: 251-307.
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additional source Gravier, Ch., 1920. Larves d'Actiniaires provenant des campagnes scientifiques de S. A. S. le Prince Albert I de Monaco. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I Prince Souverain de Monaco 57: 3-25.
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additional source Gravenhorst I.L.C. (1831). Tergestina, oder Beobachtungen und Untersuchungen über einige bei Triest im Meere lebende Arten der Gattungen <i>Octopus, Doris, Pinna, Ascidia, Serpula, Echinus, Asterias, Ophiura, Holothuria, Actinia, Caryophyllia, Actinotus</i>. <i>Breslau [Wroclaw], W.G. Korn. 166 p.</i>: , available online at http://books.google.com/books?id=xRAAAAAAQAAJ
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additional source Carlgren, O. (1924). Die larven der Ceriantharien, Zoantharien und Actiniarien der deutschen Tiefsee-expedition mit einen Nachtrag zu den Zoantharien. <em>Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898-1899.</em> 19: 339-476.
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additional source Poche, 1907. Über den richtigen Gebrauch der Gattungsnamen Holothuria und Actinia, nebst einigen andern, grössenteils dadurch bedingten oder damit in Zusammenhang stehenden Änderungen in der Nomenclatur der Coelenteraten, Echinodemen und Tunicaten. Zoologischer Anzeiger 32: 126-128.
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additional source Carlgren, O. (1938). South African Actiniaria and Zoantharia. <em>Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar.</em> 17(3): 1-148.
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additional source Milne Edwards, H.; Haime, J. (1851). Monographie des polypiers fossiles des terrains palaeozoïques, précédée d'un tableau général de la classification des polypes. <em>Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Archives.</em> 5: 1–502, 20 pls., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25098869
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additional source Gravier, C. (1918). Note preliminaire sur les Hexactiniaires recueillis au cours des croisieres de la Princesse-Alice et de l'Hirondelle de 1888 a 1913 inclusivement. <i>Bull. Inst. Oceanogr., Monaco</i>. 346:1-24.
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additional source Tsurpalo, A. P.; Kostina, E. E. (2003). Feeding characteristics of three species of intertidal sea anemones of the South Kuril Islands. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 29(1): 31-40
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additional source Klinkhardt, W. (1914). Tier- und Pflanzenleban der Nordsee. Biologischen Anstalt auf Helgoland. Leipzig., edition 1, volume 2, pp. 30.
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additional source Song, J. I.; Cha, H. R. (2002). Taxonomy of Actiniidae (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Thenaria, Endomyaria) from Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 18(2): 253-270
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additional source Hollard, M. H. (1848). Études sur l'organisation des Actinies. Imprimerie de Marc Ducloux et Ce. Paris.
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additional source Bosc, L.A.G. (1827). Histoire Naturelle des Vers. <em>Roret, Libraire, Rue Hautfeuille. Paris.</em> edition 2, volume 2, pp. 245-265.
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additional source Schlesinger, A.; Goldshmid, R.; Hadfield, M. G.; Kramarsky-Winter, E.; Loya, Y. (2009). Laboratory culture of the aeolid nudibranch Spurilla neapolitana (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia): life history aspects. Marine Biology, 156, 753-761
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additional source Schmidt, H. (1974). On evolution in the Anthozoa. Proceedings of the Second International Coral Reef Symposium, 1, 533-560
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additional source Acuña, F. H.; Excoffon, A. C.; Griffiths, C. L. (2004). First record and redescription of the introduced sea anemone Sagartia ornata (Holdsworth, 1855) (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Sagartiidae) from South Africa. African Zoology, 39(2): 314-318
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additional source Ilyna, A. P.; Monastyrnaya, M. M.; Sokotun, I. N.; Egorov, T. A.; Nazarenko, Y. A.; Likhatskaya, G. N.; Kozlovskaya, E. P. (2005). Actinoporins from the Sea of Japan anemone Oulactis orientalis: isolation and partial characterization. Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 31(1): 34-42
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additional source Milne Edwards, H. (1847). Les zoophytes, avec un atlas [texte]: polypes. Cuvier (eds.). Fortin, Masson et Cie, Libraires, Successeurs de Crochard. Paris, volume 19-20
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additional source Bonnenfant, J. (1960). Recherches sur l'évolution larvaire et la variation physiologique du cnidome chez Actinia equina. Bulletin de la Societé Zoologique de France, 85(2-3): 157-165
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additional source Robson, E. A. (2004). Cnidogenesis in the jewel anemone Corynactis californica (Carlgren, 1936) and C. viridis (Allman, 1846) (Anthozoa: Corallimorpharia). Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 78(27): 461-476
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additional source Bigger, C. H. (1980). Interspecific and intraspecific acrorhagial aggressive behavior among sea anemones: a recognition of self and not-self. Biological Bulletin, 159, 117-134
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additional source Bigger, C. H. (1982). The cellular basis of the aggressive acrorhagial response of sea anemones. Journal of Morphology, 173, 259-278
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additional source Acuña, F. H.; Zamponi, M. O. (1995). Feeding ecology of intertidal sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria): food sources and trophic parameters. Biociências, 3(2): 73-84
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additional source Pico, M. C.; Basulto, A.; del Monte, A.; Hidalgo, A.; Lanio, M. E.; Alvarez, C.; Felicó, E.; Otero, A. (2004). Cross-reactivity and inhibition of haemolysis by polyclonal antibodies raised against St II, a cytolysin from the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus. Toxicon, 43, 167-171
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additional source Liu, C. M.; Wang, X. Q.; Feng, Z. J.; Lian, Z. M. (2003). Diversity and biomass of sea anemones in the rocky intertidal zone of the Lianyun Harbor. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 38(2): 47-50
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additional source Klyshko, E. V.; Issaeva, M. P.; Monastyrnaya, M. M.; Ilyna, A. P.; Guzev, K. V.; Vakorina, T. I.; Dmitrenok, P. S.; Zykova, T. A.; Kozlovskaya, E. P. (2004). Isolation, properties and partial amino acid sequence of a new actinoporin from the sea anemone Radianthus macrodactylus. Toxicon, 44, 315-324
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additional source Cline, E. I.; Wolowyk, M. W. (1997). Cardiac stimulatory, cytotoxic and cytolytic activity of extracts of sea anemones. International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 35(2): 91-98
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additional source LeBoeuf, R. D.; McCommas, S. A.; Howe, N. R. (1981). Coloration in sea anemones - II. Comparative studies on the column carotenoid polymorphism for two species of Bunodosoma (Anthozoa: Actiniaria). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B, 68B, 221-224
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additional source Uchida, T.; Iwata, F. (1954). On the development of a brood-caring actinian. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial University, 12, VI, Zoology, (1-2): 220
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additional source Fautin, D. G.; Daly, M.; Cappola, V. A. (2005). Sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) of the Faroe Islands: a preliminary list and biogeographic context. Annales Societatis Scientiarum Færoensis, 41, 77-87
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additional source Il'ina, A. P.; Monastyrnaya, M. M.; Isaeva, M. P.; Guzev, K. V.; Rasskazov, V. A.; Kozlovskaya, E. P. (2005). Primary structures of actinoporins from sea anemone Oulactis orientalis. Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 31(4): 320-324
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additional source Klyshko, E. V.; Ilyna, A. P.; Monastyrnaya, M. M.; Burtseva, Y. V.; Kostina, E. E.; Zykova, T. A.; Menzorova, N. I.; Kozlovskaya, E. P. (2003). Biologically active polypeptides and hydrolytic enzymes in sea anemones of northern temperate waters. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 29(3): 161-166
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additional source Acuña, F. H.; Griffiths, C. L. (2004). Species richness, endemicity and distribution patterns of South African sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria & Corallimorpharia). African Zoology, 39(2): 193-200
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additional source Ardelean, A.; Fautin, D. G. (2004). A new species of the sea anemone Megalactis (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria, Actinodendridae) from Taiwan and designation of a neotype for the type species of the genus. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 117(4): 488-504
page(s): 502 [details] Available for editors
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additional source Teissier, G. (1965). Inventaire de la faune marine de Roscoff. Station Biologique de Roscoff. Roscoff., pp. 62.
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additional source Schama, R.; Solé-Cava, A. M.; Thorpe, J. P. (2004). Genetic divergence between east and west Atlantic populations of Actinia spp. sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniidae). Marine Biology, 146, 435-443
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additional source Dons, C. (1945). Norges strandfauna XXXII hexakoraller. Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab Forhandlinger, 18(4): 17-20
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additional source Belém, M. J. D.; Preslercravo, J. da Cruz (1973). Contribuições ao conhecimento da fauna de cnidarios do Espírito Santo, Brasil I - Considerações sóbre Actiniaria do Município de Aracruz, E. S. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Prof. Mello Leitao, zoologia, (80): 1-14
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additional source Isomura, N.; Nishihira, M. (2006). Distribution of intertidal sea anemones in Mutsu Bay, northern Japan. Plankton and Benthos Research, 1, 4, 200-207
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additional source Torrey, H. B. (1904). On the habits and reactions of Sagartia davisi. Biological Bulletin, VI(5): 203-216
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additional source Monteiro, F. A.; Russo, C. A. M.; Solé-Cava, A. M.; Gittenberger, A. (1998). Genetic evidence for the asexual origin of small individuals found in the coelenteron of the sea anemone Actinia bermudensis McMurrich. Bulletin of Marine Science, 63(2): 257-264
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additional source Moran, Y.; Gurevitz, M. (2006). When positive selection of neurotoxin genes is missing: the riddle of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. FEBS Journal, 273(17): 3886-3892
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additional source Excoffon, A. C.; Zamponi, M. O. (1991). La biologia reproductiva de Phymactis clematis Dana, 1849 (Actiniaria: Actiniidae): gametogenesis, periodos reproductivos, desarrollo embrionario y larval. Spheniscus, 9, 25-39
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additional source Zaharenko, A. J.; Ferreira, W. A.; Oliveira, J. S.; Richardson, M.; Pimenta, D. C.; Konno, K.; Portaro, F. C. V.; Freitas, J. C. (2008). Proteomics of the neurotoxic fraction from the sea anemone Bunodosoma cangicum venom: novel peptides belonging to new classes of toxins. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part D, 3, 219-225
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additional source Contarini, C. N. (1845). Trattato delle attinie, ed osservazioni sopra alcune di esse viventi nei contorni di Venezia, accompagnate da 21 tavole litografiche del Conte Nicolò Contarini. Nuovi Annali delle Scienze Naturali, 3, 2, 365-370, 401-415
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additional source Kruger, L. M.; Griffiths, C. L. (1998). Sea anemones as secondary consumers on rocky shores in the south-western Cape, South Africa. Journal of Natural History, 32, 629-644
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additional source Fautin, D. G. (1997). Cnidarian reproduction: assumptions and their implications. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, 151-162
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additional source Edmunds, P. J. (2007). Physiological ecology of the clonal corallimorpharian Corynactis californica. Marine Biology, 150, 783-796
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additional source Honma, T.; Shiomi, K. (2006). Peptide toxins in sea anemones: structural and functional aspects. Marine Biotechnology, 8, 1-10
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additional source Zamponi, M. O. (1979). El desarrollo asexual de Pseudoparactis tenuicollis McMurrich, 1904 (Actiniaria: Actinostolidae) y algunas consideraciones sobre su ecologia. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, XXXV, 596-602
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additional source Morales, L.; Acevedo, O.; Martínez, M.; Gokhman, D.Corredor, C. (2009). Functional discrimination of sea anemone neurotoxins using 3D-plotting. Central European Journal of Biology, 4(1): 41-49
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additional source Schmidt, H.; Béress, L. (1971). Phylogenetische betrachtungen zur toxizität und nesselwirkung einiger Actiniaria (Anthozoa) im vergleich zur morphologie ihrer nesselkapseln. Kieler Meeresforschungen, XXVII(2): 166-170
page(s): 169 [details]
additional source Hasegawa, Y.; Honma, T.; Nagai, H.; Ishida, M.; Nagashima, Y.; Shiomi, K. (2006). Isolation and cDNA cloning of a potassium channel peptide toxin from the sea anemone Anemonia erythraea. Toxicon, 48, 536-542
page(s): 537, 541 [details]
additional source Schmidt, H. (1972). Bionomische studien an Mediterranen Anthozoen: die Anthozoenfauna des Strombolicchio (Äolische Inseln). Marine Biology, 15, 265-278
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additional source Okada, Y. K.; Komori, S. (1932). Reproduction asexuelle d'une actinie (Boloceroides) et sa régénération aux dépens d'un tentacule. Bulletin Biologique de la France et de Belgique, 66, 164-199
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additional source Patronelli, L.; Méndez, P.; Olivera, E. G. (2000). Calcio y calmodulina en el mecanismo contractil del esfinter marginal de la anemona Phymactis clematis (Actiniaria). Biociências, 8(2): 19-32
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additional source Verde, E. A.; McCloskey, L. R. (2007). A comparative analysis of the photobiology of zooxanthellae and zoochlorellae symbiotic with the temperate clonal anemone Anthopleura elegantissima (Brandt). III. Seasonal effects of natural light and temperature on photosynthesis and respiration. Marine Biology, 152, 775-792
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additional source Chen, C.; Soong, K.; Chen, C. A. (2008). The smallest oocytes among broadcast-spawning actiniarians and a unique lunar reproductive cycle in a unisexual population of the sea anemone, Aiptasia pulchella (Anthozoa: Actiniaria). Zoological Studies, 47(1): 37-45
page(s): 37, 38, 39, 43 [details]
additional source Honma, T.; Minagawa, S.; Nagai, H.; Ishida, M.; Nagashima, Y.; Shiomi, K. (2005). Novel peptide toxins from acrorhagi, aggressive organs of the sea anemone Actinia equina. Toxicon, 46, 7, 768-774
page(s): 768, 769, 771, 773 [details]
additional source Sherman, C. D. H.; Peucker, A. J.; Ayre, D. J. (2007). Do reproductive tactics vary with habitat heterogeneity in the intertidal sea anemone Actinia tenebrosa?. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 340, 259-267
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additional source Williams, R. B. (1978). Some recent observations on the acrorhagi of sea anemones. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 58, 787-788
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additional source Ninh, T. D.; Nagashima, Y.; Shiomi, K. (2008). Unusual arsenic speciation in sea anemones. Chemosphere, 70, 1168-1174
page(s): 1168-1173 [details]
additional source Ross, D. M. (1960). The association between the hermit crab Eupagurus bernhardus (L.) and the sea anemone Calliactis parasitica (Couch). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 134, 1, 43-57
page(s): 45 [details]
additional source Ates, R. M. L. (2001). Kwallen als voedsel van zeeanemonen en van stormvogels [Jellyfish as food for sea anemones and fulmars]. Het Zeepaard, 62(5): 132-135
page(s): 132 [details]
additional source Monroy-Estrada, H. I.; Segura-Puertas, L.; Galván-Arzate, S.; Santamaría, A.; Sánchez-Rodríguez, J. (2007). The crude venom from the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus induces haemolysis and slight peroxidative damage in rat and human erythrocytes. Toxicology in Vitro, 21, 398-402
page(s): 401 [details]
additional source Alegre-Cebollada, J.; Oñaderra, M.; Gavilanes, J. G.; Martínez del Pozo, A. (2007). Sea anemone actinoporins: the transition from a folded soluble state to a functionally active membrane-bound oligomeric pore. Current Protein and Peptide Science, 8, 558-572
page(s): 558, 559, 560 [details]
additional source Corrêa, D. D. (1964). Corallimorpharia e Actiniaria do Atlantico Oeste Tropical. Universidade de São Paulo (Dissertation). São Paulo., pp. 139.
page(s): 54 [details]
additional source Faasse, M. A. (1996). Diadumene luciae (Verrill, 1869) en Balanus amphitrite Darwin, 1854 bij de koelwateruitlaat te Borssele. Het Zeepaard, 56, 73-76
page(s): 75 [details]
additional source Hoeksema, B. W.; Crowther, A. L. (2011). Masquerade, mimicry and crypsis of the polymorphic sea anemone Phyllodiscus semoni and its aggreagations in South Sulawesi. Contributions to Zoology, 80(4): 251-268
page(s): 259, 261 [details]
additional source Ramil Blanco, F.; Pulpeiro, E. F. (1990). Inventario de los antozoos de Galicia. A checklist of the Anthozoa from Galicia. Boletin de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, 86(1-4): 17-30
page(s): 22 [details]
additional source Faasse, M. A. (1997). Niewe vindplaatsen van de Groene Golfbrekeranemoon (Diadumene luciae Verrill, 1898). Het Zeepaard, 57, 76-80
page(s): 78, 80 [details]
additional source Williams, R. B. (1975). A redescription of the brackish-water sea anemone Nematostella vectensis Stephenson, with an appraisal of congeneric species. Journal of Natural History, 9, 51-64
page(s): 59 [details]
additional source Williams, R. B.; Cornelius, P. F. S.; Clark, A. M. (1982). Proposed conservation of Actinia Linnaeus, 1767 and Actiniidae Goldfuss, 1820 (Coelenterata, Actiniaria) and Pentacta Goldfuss, 1820 (Echinodermata, Holothurioidea) Z.N.(S.) 825. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 39(4): 288-292
page(s): 288-291 [details]
additional source Il'ina, A. P.; Lipkin, A.; Barsova, E.; Issaeva, M. P.; Leychenko, E.; Guzev, K. V.; Monastyrnaya, M. M.; Lukyanov, S.; Kozlovskaya, E. P. (2006). Amino acid sequence of RTX-A's isoform actinoporin from the sea anemone, Radianthus macrodactylus. Toxicon, 47, 517-520
page(s): 517, 518 [details]
additional source Acuña, F. H.; Excoffon, A. C.; Ricci, L. (2007). Composition, biometry and statistical relationships between the cnidom and body size in the sea anemone Oulactis muscosa (Cnidaria: Actiniaria). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 87, 415-419
page(s): 416 [details]
additional source Honma, T.; Kawahata, S.; Ishida, M.; Nagai, H.; Nagashima, Y.; Shiomi, K. (2008). Novel peptide proteins from the sea anemone Stichodactyla haddoni. Peptides, 29, 536-544
page(s): 536, 540, 542, 543 [details]
additional source Delphy, J. (1939). Sur quelques problèmes d' Actinologie. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), XI, 2, (5): 479-483
page(s): 479, 480 [details]
additional source Stephens, J. (1912). Coelenterata. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 31(58): 1-10
page(s): 3, 8 [details]
additional source Andres, A. (1883). Le Attinie. Atti dell' Accademia de Lincei, 14, 3, Memorie, 211-673
page(s): 397-402, 596-597 [details]
additional source Hensley, N. M.; Cook, T. C.; Lang, M.; Petelle, M. B.; Blumstein, D. T. (2012). Personality and habitat segregation in giant sea anemones (Condylactis gigantea). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 426-427, 1-4
page(s): 2 [details]
additional source Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
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additional source Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Linnaeus, C. (1767). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Ed. 12. 1., Regnum Animale. 1 & 2. <em>Holmiae [Stockholm], Laurentii Salvii.</em> pp. 1-532 [1766] pp. 533-1327 [1767]., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83650#5
page(s): 1088 [details]
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Nontype (of Actinia (Entacmaea) mesembryanthemum Ellis & Solander, 1786) MNB 173, geounit Saudi Arabian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Unknown type Dzull AA-23, geounit Cape Verdean Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Language | Name | |
---|---|---|
Albanian | thundërkali e kuqeanemonia e kuqe | [details] |
Catalan | tomàquet de mar | [details] |
Dutch | rode paardenanemoonrode paardeanemoonpaardenanemoongewone zeeanemoongemeene zeeanemoon | [details] |
English | red sea anemoneplum anemonebeadlet anemone | [details] |
Finnish | hepomerivuokko | [details] |
French | actinie rouge | [details] |
German | PurpurrosePferdeaktinie | [details] |
Italian | pomodoro di mare | [details] |
Japanese | ウメボシイソギンチャク | [details] |
Modern Greek (1453-) | Κόκκινη ανεμώνα | [details] |
Portuguese | Morango-do-mar | [details] |
Spanish | tomate de mar | [details] |
Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland
Marine Life Information Network - UK
To Barcode of Life (7 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (23 publications) (from synonym Priapus equinus Linnaeus, 1758)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (328 publications)
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Actinia equina)
To Fishipedia
To GenBank (1933 nucleotides; 209 proteins)
To GenBank (1933 nucleotides; 209 proteins) (from synonym Priapus equinus Linnaeus, 1758)
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To PESI
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (11 records)
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 106459)
To ITIS
Marine Life Information Network - UK
To Barcode of Life (7 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (23 publications) (from synonym Priapus equinus Linnaeus, 1758)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (328 publications)
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Actinia equina)
To Fishipedia
To GenBank (1933 nucleotides; 209 proteins)
To GenBank (1933 nucleotides; 209 proteins) (from synonym Priapus equinus Linnaeus, 1758)
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To PESI
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (11 records)
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 106459)
To ITIS