WoRMS

WoRMS taxon details

Gonionemus vertens A. Agassiz, 1862

Gonionemus vertens

AphiaID

117768 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:117768)

Classification

Status

accepted

Rank

Species

Typetaxon of

Gonionemus A. Agassiz, 1862
Gonynema Haeckel, 1879

Parent

Gonionemus A. Agassiz, 1862

Orig. name

Gonionemus vertens A. Agassiz, 1862

Synonymised names

Cosmetira salinarum Du Plessis, 1879 · unaccepted (synonym)

Eleutheria robsonia Lengerich, 1922 · unaccepted (synonymn)

Gonionemus agassizii Murbach & Shearer, 1902 · unaccepted (synonym)

Gonionemus chekiangensis Ling, 1937 · unaccepted (synonym)

Gonionemus depressum Goto, 1903 · unaccepted (synonym)

Gonionemus murbachi Mayer, 1901 · unaccepted (incorrect spelling variant)

Gonionemus murbachii Mayer, 1901 · unaccepted (synonym)

Gonionemus murbachii var. chekiangensis Ling, 1937 · unaccepted (synonym)

Gonionemus oshoro Uchida, 1929 · unaccepted (synonym)

Gonionemus vindobonensis Joseph, 1918 · unaccepted (synonym)

Gonynema vertens (A. Agassiz, 1862) · unaccepted (unaccepted genus)

Haleremita cumulans Schaudinn, 1894 · unaccepted (synonym)

Laodice salinarum (Du Plessis, 1879) · unaccepted

Environment

marine, ~~fresh~~, ~~terrestrial~~

Fossil range

recent only

Original description

Agassiz, L. (1862). Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Little Brown, Boston. 4: 1-380, pls 1-19., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16068829
page(s): 350 [details]

Type data

Note Canada, British Columbia, Strait of Georgia

Type locality Canada, British Columbia, Strait of Georgia [details]

Taxonomic citation

Schuchert, P. (2024). World Hydrozoa Database. Gonionemus vertens A. Agassiz, 1862. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=117768 on 2024-04-19

Taxonomic edit history

Date

action

2004-12-21 15:54:05Z

created

van der Land, Jacob

2016-06-11 14:29:39Z

changed

Schuchert, Peter

Licensing

The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License

[taxonomic tree]

original description Agassiz, L. (1862). Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Little Brown, Boston. 4: 1-380, pls 1-19., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16068829
page(s): 350 [details]

original description (of Gonionemus vindobonensis Joseph, 1918) Joseph H. (1918). Ein Gonionemus aus der Adria. Sitzungsberichte. Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. 127(2-3): 95-158., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36048159
page(s): 107, 2 plates [details]

original description (of Gonionemus agassizii Murbach & Shearer, 1902) Murbach, L., & Shaerer, C. 1902. Preliminary report on a collection of medusae from the coast of British Columbia and Alaska. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7)9: 71-73., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/19331348
page(s): 73 [details]

original description (of Gonionemus depressum Goto, 1903) Goto, S. (1903). The Craspedote medusa Olindias and some of its natural allies. Mark Anniversary Volume. 1: 1-22., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1324262
page(s): 12, pls 2-4 [details]

original description (of Gonionemus murbachii Mayer, 1901) Mayer, A.G., 1901. The variations of a newly-arisen species of medusa. Sci. Bull. Mus. Brooklyn Inst. Arts Sciences 1 1: 1-27., available online at http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015031364543
page(s): 5 [details]

original description (of Haleremita cumulans Schaudinn, 1894) Schaudinn F. (1894). Über Haleremita cumulans n. g. n. sp., ein neuen marinen Hydroidpolypen. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin. 1894(9): 226-234., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43581336
page(s): 226, fig. 1 [details]

original description (of Gonionemus oshoro Uchida, 1929) Uchida, T., 1929. Studies on Japanese Hydromedusae. 3. Olindiadae. Annotnes zool. jap. 12 : 351-373.
page(s): 359, pl. 1 [details]

original description (of Gonionemus murbachii var. chekiangensis Ling, 1937) Ling, S.-W. 1937. Studies on Chinese Hydrozoa, I. On some Hydromedusae from the Chekiang coast. Studies on Chinese Hydrozoa, II. Report on some common hydroids from the East Saddle Island. Peking Natural History Bulletin 11: 351-365.
page(s): 358, figs 11-14 [details] Available for editors

[request]

original description (of Cosmetira salinarum Du Plessis, 1879) Du Plessis G. (1879). Étude sur la Cosmetira salinarum nouvelle méduse paludicole des environs de Cette. Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles. 16(81): 39-45, pl. 2., available online at https://doi.org/10.5169/seals-259030
page(s): 39, pl. 2 [details]

original description (of Eleutheria robsonia Lengerich, 1922) Lengerich H. (1922). Cladonema sp. Robson, eine Eleutheriide. Zoologischer Anzeiger. 55(1-2): 34-36., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9735247
page(s): 36, fig. 1 [details]

context source (Introduced species) Katsanevakis, S.; Bogucarskis, K.; Gatto, F.; Vandekerkhove, J.; Deriu, I.; Cardoso A.S. (2012). Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. BioInvasions Records. 1: 235-245., available online at http://easin.jrc.ec.europa.eu [details] Available for editors

[request]

context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]

basis of record van der Land, J.; Vervoort, W.; Cairns, S.D.; Schuchert, P. (2001). Hydrozoa, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 112-120 (look up in IMIS) [details]

additional source Meinkoth, N. A. (1981). Field guide to North American seashore creatures. The Audubon Society. 1-799. [details]

additional source Pollock, L.W. (1998). A practical guide to the marine animals of northeastern North America. Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick, New Jersey & London. 367 pp., available online at http://books.google.com/books?id=i1AmT31cuR4C [details]

additional source Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details]

additional source Streftaris, N., A. Zenetos & E. Papathanassiou. (2005). Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas. Oceanogry and Marine Biology: an Annual Review. 43: 419-453. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors

[request]

additional source Uchida, T., 1976. A new sporozoan-like reproduction in the Hydromedusa, Gonionemus vertens. Proc. Jap. Acad. Sci. 52 7: 387-388. [details]

additional source Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]

additional source Bouillon, J.; Boero, F. (2000). Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hydromedusae of the world, with a list of the worldwide species. Thalassia Salent. 24: 47-296 (look up in IMIS) [details]

additional source Zenetos, A.; Çinar, M.E.; Pancucci-Papadopoulou, M.A.; Harmelin, J.-G.; Furnari, G.; Andaloro, F.; Bellou, N.; Streftaris, N.; Zibrowius, H. (2005). Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species. Mediterranean Marine Science. 6 (2): 63-118., available online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273213810_Annotated_list_of_marine_alien_species_in_the_Mediterranean_with_records_of_the_worst_invasive_species [details] Available for editors

[request]

additional source Occhipinti-Ambrogi, A., A. Marchini, G. Cantone, A. Castelli, C. Chimenz, M. Cormaci, C. Froglia, G. Furnari, M.C. Gambi, G. Giaccone, A. Giangrande, C. Gravil, F. Mastrototaro, C. Mazziotti, L. Orsi-Relini & S. Piraino. (2010). Alien species along the Italian coasts: an overview. Biological Invasions. 13(1): 215-237., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9803-y [details] Available for editors

[request]

additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. China Science Press. 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors

[request]

additional source Zenetos, A.; Gofas, S.; Verlaque, M.; Cinar, M.; Garcia Raso, J.; Bianchi, C.; Morri, C.; Azzurro, E.; Bilecenoglu, M.; Froglia, C.; Siokou, I.; Violanti, D.; Sfriso, A.; San Martin, G.; Giangrande, A.; Katagan, T.; Ballesteros, E.; Ramos-Espla, A.; Mastrototaro, F.; Ocana, O.; Zingone, A.; Gambi, M.; Streftaris, N. (2010). Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution. Mediterranean Marine Science. 11(2): 381-493., available online at https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.87 [details]

additional source Bakker, C. (1980) On the distribution of Gonionemus vertens A. Agassiz (Hydrozoa, Limnomedusae), a new species in the eelgrass beds of Lake Grevelingen (S. W. Netherlands),Hydrobiological Bulletin 14: 186-195 [details]

additional source Eno, N. C.; Clark, R. A.; Sanderson, W. G. (1997). Non-native marine species in British waters: a review and directory. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough. pp. 136. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors

[request]

additional source Trott, T. J. (2004). Cobscook Bay inventory: a historical checklist of marine invertebrates spanning 162 years. Northeastern Naturalist. 11, 261-324., available online at http://www.gulfofmaine.org/kb/files/9793/TROTT-Cobscook%20List.pdf [details] Available for editors

[request]

status source Govindarajan, A. F.; Carman, M. R.; Khaidarov, M. R.; Semenchenko, A.; Wares, J. P. (2017). Mitochondrial diversity in Gonionemus (Trachylina:Hydrozoa) and its implications for understanding the origins of clinging jellyfish in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. PeerJ. 5: e3205., available online at https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3205
note: study of different strains and subspecies, stinging form [details]

status source Govindarajan, A.F., B. Källström, E. Selander, C. Östman & T.G. Dahlgren. (2019). The highly toxic and cryptogenic clinging jellyfish Gonionemus sp. (Hydrozoa, Limnomedusae) on the Swedish west coast. PeerJ. 7: 1-13. e6883., available online at https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6883 [details] Available for editors

[request]

Present

Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio

Inaccurate

Introduced: alien

Containing type locality

Nontype MHNG, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone [details]

From editor or global species database

Type locality Canada, British Columbia, Strait of Georgia [details]

From regional or thematic species database

Introduced species abundance in Baltic Sea (IHO Sea Area) : not established at this location [details]

Introduced species abundance in United Kingdom part of the English Channel (Marine Region) : Common [details]

Introduced species abundance in United Kingdom part of the North Sea (Marine Region) : Common [details]

Introduced species abundance in Portugal (Nation) : Common [details]

Introduced species population trend in United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) : Edwards (1976) considered it extinct on the East Coast, but Gosner (1978) noted it as 'erratic' since the 1930s. [details]

Introduced species remark United States part of the North Atlantic Ocean (Marine Region)
We describe a possible cryptic invasion of the toxic Western Pacific hydromedusa Gonionemus vertens (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Limnomedusae) in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. G. vertens was first noticed in Eel Pond in Woods Hole (Cape Cod), Massachusetts in 1894, but nearly disappeared in the 1930s, coincident with a large scale die-off of its preferred eelgrass habitat. During the 1894–1930 period, G. vertens was the object of numerous studies by local scientists, and was not reported as stinging. In contrast, Western Pacific G. vertens are known for their toxic sting symptoms, which include severe pain, respiratory distress, and paralysis. Here, we report new sightings in the northwest Atlantic from the late twentieth century onwards. Sightings are most frequent in Waquoit Bay on the southern-facing shore of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and on the island of
Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, but medusae have also been found in locations ranging from Long Island
(New York) to Wellfleet Harbor on the north side of Cape Cod. [details]

Introduced species vector dispersal Argentinean part of the South Atlantic Ocean (Marine Region) Ships: accidental with ballast water, sea water systems, live wells or other deck basins [details]

Introduced species vector dispersal in Belgian part of the North Sea: Aquaculture: accidental [details]

Introduced species vector dispersal Argentinean part of the South Atlantic Ocean (Marine Region) Ships: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms [details]

Introduced species vector dispersal in Baltic Sea (IHO Sea Area) : Fisheries: accidental with deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish
Edwards (1976) considered oyster culture, particularly the 'Portuguese' oyster (C. angulata), introduced from Asia in the 16th-17th century, to be the likeliest vector for the introduction of this hydrozoan to Europe. [details]

Introduced species vector dispersal in French part of the English Channel (Marine Region) : Fisheries: accidental with deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish
Edwards (1976) considered oyster culture, particularly the 'Portuguese' oyster (C. angulata), introduced from Asia in the 16th-17th century, to be the likeliest vector for the introduction of this hydrozoan to Europe. [details]

Introduced species vector dispersal in Norwegian part of the Skagerrak (Marine Region) : Fisheries: accidental with deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish
Edwards (1976) considered oyster culture, particularly the 'Portuguese' oyster (C. angulata), introduced from Asia in the 16th-17th century, to be the likeliest vector for the introduction of this hydrozoan to Europe. [details]

Introduced species vector dispersal in United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) : Fisheries: accidental with deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish
Edwards (1976) suggests that a possible vector for this hydrozoan was shellfish research by the US Fisheries Commission, which included rearing and stocking of Pacific Clams (Protothaca staminea), or more likely, oysters from Europe, possibly including the 'Portuguese' Oyster (Crassostrea angulata), with which the polyp could have been carried from Asia. Ballast water or hull fouling is less likely, as they could not account for the highly localized distribution on the East Coast. [details]

Introduced species vector dispersal in United Kingdom part of the English Channel (Marine Region) : Fisheries: accidental with deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish [details]

Introduced species vector dispersal in United Kingdom part of the North Sea (Marine Region) : Ships: general [details]

Introduced species vector dispersal in United Kingdom part of the North Sea (Marine Region) : Fisheries: accidental with deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish [details]

Introduced species vector dispersal in Belgian part of the North Sea: Ships: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms [details]

Introduced species vector dispersal in Belgian part of the North Sea: Ships: accidental with ballast water, sea water systems, live wells or other deck basins [details]

Introduced species vector dispersal United States part of the North Pacific Ocean (Marine Region) Debris: transport of species on human generated debris (dock) [details]

Introduced species vector dispersal in Portugal (Nation) : Shipping [details]

Language	Name
Dutch	kruiskwalJapanse kruiskwal	[details]
English	clinging jellyfishangled hydromedusa	[details]
German	Ansaugqualle	[details]
Japanese	カギノテクラゲ	[details]