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Name

Lawley, J. W.; Gamero-Mora, E.; Maronna, M. M.; Chiaverano, L. M.; Stampar, S. N.; Hopcroft, R. R.; Collins, A. G.; Morandini, A. C. (2021). The importance of molecular characters when morphological variability hinders diagnosability: systematics of the moon jellyfish genus Aurelia (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa). PeerJ. 9: e11954.

SourceID

412857

DOI

10.7717/peerj.11954 [view]

Authors

Lawley, J. W.; Gamero-Mora, E.; Maronna, M. M.; Chiaverano, L. M.; Stampar, S. N.; Hopcroft, R. R.; Collins, A. G.; Morandini, A. C.

Year

2021

Title

The importance of molecular characters when morphological variability hinders diagnosability: systematics of the moon jellyfish genus Aurelia (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

Journal

PeerJ

Suffix

9: e11954

Type

Publication

Full text

peerj-11954.pdf

Abstract

Cryptic species have been detected across Metazoa, and while no apparent morphological features distinguish them, it should not impede taxonomists from formal descriptions. We accepted this challenge for the jellyfish genus Aurelia, which has a long and confusing taxonomic history. We demonstrate that morphological variability in Aurelia medusae overlaps across very distant geographic localities. Even though some morphological features seem responsible for most of the variation, regional geographic patterns of dissimilarities are lacking. This is further emphasized by morphological differences found when comparing lab-cultured Aurelia coerulea medusae with the diagnostic features in its recent redescription. Previous studies have also highlighted the difficulties in distinguishing Aurelia polyps and ephyrae, and their morphological plasticity. Therefore, mostly based on genetic data, we recognize 28 species of Aurelia, of which seven were already described, 10 are formally described herein, four are resurrected and seven remain undescribed. We present diagnostic genetic characters for all species and designate type materials for newly described and some resurrected species. Recognizing moon jellyfish diversity with formal names is vital for conservation efforts and other studies. This work clarifies the practical implications of molecular genetic data as diagnostic characters, and sheds light on the patterns and processes that generate crypsis.

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Date

action

2021-09-10 20:09:48Z

created

Morandini, André C.

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Holotype UF 12778, geounit San Juan Island, identified as Aurelia columbia Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021
Holotype USNM 1622161, geounit Bonaire, identified as Aurelia ayla Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021
Neotype USNM 1643575, geounit Chukchi Sea, identified as Aurelia hyalina Brandt, 1835
Holotype USNM 1643581, geounit Dauphin Island, identified as Aurelia montyi Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021
Paratype USNM 1643582, geounit Dauphin Island, identified as Aurelia montyi Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021
Paratype USNM 1643583, geounit Dauphin Island, identified as Aurelia montyi Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021
Holotype USNM 1643584, geounit Dauphin Island, identified as Aurelia rara Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021
Paratype USNM 1643585, geounit Dauphin Island, identified as Aurelia rara Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021
Holotype NHMUK 1948.10.1.239, geounit Maldives Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Aurelia solida Browne, 1905
Paratype MZUSP 8643, geounit Sao Sebastiao Channel, identified as Aurelia cebimarensis Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021
Holotype MZUSP 8644, geounit Sao Sebastiao Channel, identified as Aurelia cebimarensis Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021
Paratype MZUSP 8645, geounit Sao Sebastiao Channel, identified as Aurelia cebimarensis Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021
Paratype MZUSP 8646, geounit Sao Sebastiao Channel, identified as Aurelia cebimarensis Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021
Paratype MZUSP 8647, geounit Angra dos Reis, identified as Aurelia insularia Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021
Holotype MZUSP 8648, geounit Angra dos Reis, identified as Aurelia insularia Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021
Paratype MZUSP 8649, geounit Angra dos Reis, identified as Aurelia insularia Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021
Holotype MZUSP 8650, geounit Palawan, identified as Aurelia malayensis Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021
Paratype MZUSP 8651, geounit Palawan, identified as Aurelia malayensis Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021
Holotype MZUSP 8652, geounit Sao Sebastiao Channel, identified as Aurelia mianzani Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021
Paratype MZUSP 8653, geounit Sao Sebastiao Channel, identified as Aurelia mianzani Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021
Holotype MZUSP 8654, geounit Gulf of Thailand, identified as Aurelia miyakei Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021
Paratype MZUSP 8655, geounit Gulf of Thailand, identified as Aurelia miyakei Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021
Holotype MZUSP 8656, geounit Bocas del Toro, identified as Aurelia smithsoniana Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021
Neotype MZUSP 8657, geounit Helgoland, identified as Aurelia aurita (Linnaeus, 1758)
Neotype MZUSP 8660, verbatimGeounit Okirai bay, Ofunato,..., identified as Aurelia limbata Brandt, 1835

Diagnosis

for Aurelia ayla Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

There were 20 diagnostic positions for 16S and 20 for COI [details]

Diagnosis

for Aurelia cebimarensis Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

There were five diagnostic positions for 16S, four for COI and 16 for ITS1 [details]

Diagnosis

for Aurelia clausa Lesson, 1830

There were 20 diagnostic positions for 16S, 17 for COI, 18 for ITS1 and four for 28S [details]

Diagnosis

for Aurelia columbia Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

There were 16 diagnostic positions for COI [details]

Diagnosis

for Aurelia dubia Vanhöffen, 1888

There were eight diagnostic positions for 16S and 20 for ITS1 [details]

Diagnosis

for Aurelia hyalina Brandt, 1835

There were 12 diagnostic positions for COI and 19 for ITS1 [details]

Diagnosis

for Aurelia insularia Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

Polyps present 27–33 tentacles (Table S8; see remarks below). There were 20 diagnostic positions for 16S, 20 for ... [details]

Diagnosis

for Aurelia labiata Chamisso & Eysenhardt, 1821

There were 13 diagnostic positions for COI [details]

Diagnosis

for Aurelia malayensis Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

There were 20 diagnostic positions for 16S, 17 for COI, 18 for ITS1 and four for 28S [details]

Diagnosis

for Aurelia mianzani Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

There were 10 diagnostic positions for 16S, 19 for COI and five for 28S [details]

Diagnosis

for Aurelia miyakei Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

There were 17 diagnostic positions for 16S, 20 for COI, 20 for ITS1 and 17 for 28S [details]

Diagnosis

for Aurelia montyi Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

There were five diagnostic positions for 16S, 11 for COI and six for ITS1 [details]

Diagnosis

for Aurelia persea (Forsskål, 1775)

There were 13 diagnostic positions for 16S, 20 for COI and three for 28S [details]

Diagnosis

for Aurelia rara Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

There were six diagnostic positions for 16S and 18 for COI [details]

Diagnosis

for Aurelia smithsoniana Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

There were 10 diagnostic positions for 16S and seven for COI [details]

Diagnosis

for Aurelia solida Browne, 1905

Absence of an endodermal ocellus on the subumbrellar side of rhopalia (Scorrano et al., 2016; see remarks below). ... [details]

Etymology

for Aurelia ayla Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

Derived from the Turkish word ayla, meaning “halo of light around the moon”, in honor of the daughter of AGC ... [details]

Etymology

for Aurelia cebimarensis Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

Named after the Centro de Biologia Marinha (CEBIMar) of the University of São Paulo, situated exactly where the ... [details]

Etymology

for Aurelia columbia Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

Named after British Columbia, where most of the sequenced specimens have been collected. [details]

Etymology

for Aurelia insularia Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

Derived from the Latin word insularis, meaning “of islands”, in reference to the recorded occurrence of polyps ... [details]

Etymology

for Aurelia malayensis Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

Named after the Malay Archipelago, situated between mainland Indo-China and Australia, which includes the type ... [details]

Etymology

for Aurelia mianzani Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

In honor of Dr. Hermes W. Mianzan (INIDEP, Argentina), who collected some of the sequenced specimens of this ... [details]

Etymology

for Aurelia miyakei Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

Named after Prof. Dr. Hiroshi Miyake (Kitasato University, Japan), for his prominent research on jellyfish and ... [details]

Etymology

for Aurelia montyi Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

Named after Dr. William “Monty” Graham (Florida Institute of Oceanography, USA), who was a pioneer in ... [details]

Etymology

for Aurelia rara Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

Derived from the Latin word rarus, meaning “rare” or “uncommon”, due to its elusive occurrence among the ... [details]

Etymology

for Aurelia smithsoniana Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

Named after the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, in Bocas del Toro, Panama, which has supported studies in ... [details]

Synonymy

for Aurelia aurita (Linnaeus, 1758)

Aurelia BOR lineage Schroth et al., 2002. Aurelia borealis Schroth et al., 2002. [details]

Synonymy

for Aurelia cebimarensis Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

Aurelia sp. 2 Dawson & Jacobs, 2001. Dawson, 2003; Dawson, Gupta & England, 2005; Morandini et al., 2005; Ki et al., 2008; Bayha et ... [details]

Synonymy

for Aurelia clausa Lesson, 1830

Aurelia sp. 6 Dawson & Jacobs, 2001. Dawson, 2003; Dawson, Gupta & England, 2005; Ki et al., 2008; Häussermann, Dawson & ... [details]

Synonymy

for Aurelia dubia Vanhöffen, 1888

Aurelia ARAB lineage Schroth et al., 2002. Dawson, 2003; Dawson, Gupta & England, 2005. [details]

Synonymy

for Aurelia hyalina Brandt, 1835

Aurelia limbata Dawson & Jacobs, 2001. Aurelia sp. 10 Dawson, Gupta & England, 2005. Ki et al., 2008; Häussermann, ... [details]

Synonymy

for Aurelia insularia Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

Aurelia sp. 2 Gambill & Jarms, 2014. [details]

Synonymy

for Aurelia malayensis Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

Aurelia sp. 4 Dawson & Jacobs, 2001. Dawson, 2003; Dawson, Gupta & England, 2005; Ki et al., 2008; Ramšak, Stopar & Malej, 2012; ... [details]

Synonymy

for Aurelia marginalis Agassiz, 1862

Aurelia sp. 9 Dawson, Gupta & England, 2005. Ki et al., 2008; Ramšak, Stopar & Malej, 2012; Dong, Liu & Liu, 2015; He et al., ... [details]

Synonymy

for Aurelia mianzani Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

Aurelia sp. AA2501 South West Atlantic Ramšak, Stopar & Malej, 2012. Aurelia sp. 16 Gómez-Daglio & Dawson, 2017. ... [details]

Synonymy

for Aurelia miyakei Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

Aurelia MCA lineage Schroth et al., 2002. Dawson, Gupta & England, 2005. Aurelia sp. 11 Dawson, Gupta & England, ... [details]

Synonymy

for Aurelia montyi Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

Aurelia cf. sp. 2 Chiaverano, Bayha & Graham, 2016 [details]

Synonymy

for Aurelia persea (Forsskål, 1775)

Aurelia sp. Mizrahi, 2014. [details]

Synonymy

for Aurelia rara Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

Aurelia sp. DI’03-4 Chiaverano, Bayha & Graham, 2016. [details]

Synonymy

for Aurelia relicta Scorrano, Aglieri, Boero, Dawson & Piraino, 2016

Aurelia sp. Benovic et al., 2000. Malej et al., 2007; Turk et al., 2008; Tinta et al., 2010 (Big Lake). Aurelia sp. 5 ... [details]

Synonymy

for Aurelia smithsoniana Lawley, Gamero-Mora, Maronna, Chiaverano, Stampar, Hopcroft, Collins & Morandini, 2021

Aurelia sp. 15 Gómez-Daglio & Dawson, 2017. Abboud, Gómez-Daglio & Dawson, 2018; Dong, 2018. [details]

Synonymy

for Aurelia solida Browne, 1905

Aurelia TET lineage Schroth et al., 2002. Aurelia sp. 8 Dawson, Gupta & England, 2005. Ramšak, Stopar & Malej, 2012; ... [details]

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