WoRMS taxon details
Palythoa mutuki (Haddon & Shackleton, 1891)
Gemmaria arenacea Wilsmore, 1909 · unaccepted > superseded combination
Palythoa (Gemmaria) mutuki (Haddon & Shackleton, 1891) · alternative representation
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
Not documented
Reimer, J.D.; Sinniger, F. (2024). World List of Zoantharia. Palythoa mutuki (Haddon & Shackleton, 1891). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=288472 on 2024-04-23
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original description
(of Gemmaria arenacea Wilsmore, 1909) Wilsmore, L. J. (1909). On some Zoantheæ from Queensland and the New Hebrides. Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology), 30, 315-328 [details]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record den Hartog, J. C. & van der Land, J. (2000-2007). As a contribution to UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Reimer JD, Sinniger F, Fujiwara Y, Hirano S, Maruyama T. 2007. Morphological and molecular characterisation of Abyssoanthus nankaiensis, a new family, new genus and new species of deep-sea zoanthid (Anthozoa:Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) from a north-west Pacific methane cold seep
page(s): 257, 260, 261 [details]
additional source Fujii, T.; Reimer, J. D. (2011). Phylogeny of the highly divergent zoanthid family Microzoanthidae (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) from the Pacific. <em>Zoologica Scripta.</em> 40(4), 418-431., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2011.00479.x
page(s): 427 [details]
additional source Reimer, J.D.; Sinniger, F. (2010). Unexpected diversity in Canadian Pacific zoanthids (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia): a molecular examination and description of a new species from the waters of British Columbia. Mar. Biodiv., 40(4): 249-260. (look up in IMIS)
page(s): 257 [details]
additional source Sinniger, F.; Reimer, J.D.; Pawlowski, J. (2010). The Parazoanthidae (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) DNA taxonomy: description of two new genera. Marine Biodiversity, 40(1), 57-70.
page(s): 66 [details]
additional source Reimer, J. D.; Ono, S.; Takishita, K.; Tsukahara, J.; Maruyama, T. (2006). Molecular Evidence Suggesting Species in the Zoanthid Genera Palythoa and Protopalythoa (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) Are Congeneric. <em>Zoological Science.</em> 23(1): 87-94., available online at https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.23.87
page(s): 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93 [details]
additional source Verrill, A. E. (1907). Additions to the Anthozoa and Hydrozoa of the Bermudas. Anthozoa. Verrill, A. E. New Haven, Conn., chapter 5, edition 2nd, volume 1, pp. 551-572
page(s): 562 [details]
additional source Walsh, G. E. (1967). An Annotated Bibliography of the Families Zoanthidae, Epizoanthidae, and Parazoanthidae (Coelenterata, Zoantharia). Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology. Honolulu., pp. 77.
page(s): 15 [details]
additional source Reimer, J. D.; Takishita, K.; Maruyama, T. (2006). Molecular identification of symbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.) from Palythoa spp. (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) in Japan. Coral Reefs, 25, 521-527
page(s): 521, 522, 523, 525, 526 [details]
additional source Reimer, J. D.; Ono, S.; Iwama, A.; Tsukahara, J.; Maruyama, T. (2006). High levels of morphological variation despite close genetic relatedness between Zoanthus aff. vietnamensis and Zoanthus kuroshio (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia). Zoological Science, 23, 755-761
page(s): 757, 758, 759 [details]
additional source Reimer, J. D.; Takishita, K.; Ono, S.; Maruyama, T. (2007). Diversity and evolution in the zoanthid genus Palythoa (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) based on nuclear ITS-rDNA. Coral Reefs, 26, 399-410
page(s): 399, 400, 401, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409 [details]
additional source Reimer, J. D. (2007). Preliminary survey of zooxanthellate zoanthid diversity (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) from southern Shikoku, Japan. Kuroshio Biosphere: Bulletin of the Biological Institute of Kuroshio, 3, 1-16
page(s): 4, 5, 6, 12-13, 16, Pl. 7 [details]
additional source Hirose, M.; Obuchi, M.; Hirose, E.; Reimer, J. D. (2011). Timing of spawning and early development of Palythoa tuberculosa (Anthozoa, Zoantharia, Sphenopidae) in Okinawa, Japan. Biological Bulletin, 220(23-31): 23-31
page(s): 24, 29 [details]
additional source Reimer, J. D.; Hirose, M.; Irei, Y.; Obuchi, M.; Sinniger, F. (2011). The sands of time: rediscovery of the genus Neozoanthus (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) and evolutionary aspects of sand incrustation in brachycnemic zoanthids. Marine Biology, 158, 983-993
page(s): 986, 988, 989, 990 [details]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record den Hartog, J. C. & van der Land, J. (2000-2007). As a contribution to UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Reimer JD, Sinniger F, Fujiwara Y, Hirano S, Maruyama T. 2007. Morphological and molecular characterisation of Abyssoanthus nankaiensis, a new family, new genus and new species of deep-sea zoanthid (Anthozoa:Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) from a north-west Pacific methane cold seep
page(s): 257, 260, 261 [details]
additional source Fujii, T.; Reimer, J. D. (2011). Phylogeny of the highly divergent zoanthid family Microzoanthidae (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) from the Pacific. <em>Zoologica Scripta.</em> 40(4), 418-431., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2011.00479.x
page(s): 427 [details]
additional source Reimer, J.D.; Sinniger, F. (2010). Unexpected diversity in Canadian Pacific zoanthids (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia): a molecular examination and description of a new species from the waters of British Columbia. Mar. Biodiv., 40(4): 249-260. (look up in IMIS)
page(s): 257 [details]
additional source Sinniger, F.; Reimer, J.D.; Pawlowski, J. (2010). The Parazoanthidae (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) DNA taxonomy: description of two new genera. Marine Biodiversity, 40(1), 57-70.
page(s): 66 [details]
additional source Reimer, J. D.; Ono, S.; Takishita, K.; Tsukahara, J.; Maruyama, T. (2006). Molecular Evidence Suggesting Species in the Zoanthid Genera Palythoa and Protopalythoa (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) Are Congeneric. <em>Zoological Science.</em> 23(1): 87-94., available online at https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.23.87
page(s): 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93 [details]
additional source Verrill, A. E. (1907). Additions to the Anthozoa and Hydrozoa of the Bermudas. Anthozoa. Verrill, A. E. New Haven, Conn., chapter 5, edition 2nd, volume 1, pp. 551-572
page(s): 562 [details]
additional source Walsh, G. E. (1967). An Annotated Bibliography of the Families Zoanthidae, Epizoanthidae, and Parazoanthidae (Coelenterata, Zoantharia). Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology. Honolulu., pp. 77.
page(s): 15 [details]
additional source Reimer, J. D.; Takishita, K.; Maruyama, T. (2006). Molecular identification of symbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.) from Palythoa spp. (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) in Japan. Coral Reefs, 25, 521-527
page(s): 521, 522, 523, 525, 526 [details]
additional source Reimer, J. D.; Ono, S.; Iwama, A.; Tsukahara, J.; Maruyama, T. (2006). High levels of morphological variation despite close genetic relatedness between Zoanthus aff. vietnamensis and Zoanthus kuroshio (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia). Zoological Science, 23, 755-761
page(s): 757, 758, 759 [details]
additional source Reimer, J. D.; Takishita, K.; Ono, S.; Maruyama, T. (2007). Diversity and evolution in the zoanthid genus Palythoa (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) based on nuclear ITS-rDNA. Coral Reefs, 26, 399-410
page(s): 399, 400, 401, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409 [details]
additional source Reimer, J. D. (2007). Preliminary survey of zooxanthellate zoanthid diversity (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) from southern Shikoku, Japan. Kuroshio Biosphere: Bulletin of the Biological Institute of Kuroshio, 3, 1-16
page(s): 4, 5, 6, 12-13, 16, Pl. 7 [details]
additional source Hirose, M.; Obuchi, M.; Hirose, E.; Reimer, J. D. (2011). Timing of spawning and early development of Palythoa tuberculosa (Anthozoa, Zoantharia, Sphenopidae) in Okinawa, Japan. Biological Bulletin, 220(23-31): 23-31
page(s): 24, 29 [details]
additional source Reimer, J. D.; Hirose, M.; Irei, Y.; Obuchi, M.; Sinniger, F. (2011). The sands of time: rediscovery of the genus Neozoanthus (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) and evolutionary aspects of sand incrustation in brachycnemic zoanthids. Marine Biology, 158, 983-993
page(s): 986, 988, 989, 990 [details]
Present Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
