CaRMS taxon details
original description
(of ) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. <em>Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae.</em> , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors
context source (Introduced species)
Molnar, J.L., R.L. Gamboa, C. Revenga & M.D. Spalding. (2008). Assessing the global threat of invasive species to marine biodiversity. <em>Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.</em> 6(9): 485-492., available online at https://www.conservationgateway.org/ConservationPractices/Marine/Pages/marineinvasives.aspx [details] Available for editors
context source (Bermuda)
Amos, E. J. R. (1991). A Guide to The Birds of Bermuda. 206 pp [details]
basis of record
Banks, R.C., R.W. McDiarmid, and A.L. Gardner. 1987. Checklist of vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publication No. 166. 79 p. [details]
additional source
Robbins, C. S. (1983). Golden field Guide to Birds of North America. Golden press. 360p. [details]
additional source
Peterson, R.T.; Peterson, V.M. (2002). A field guide to the birds of eastern and central North America. <em>Fifth Edition.</em> Peterson Field Guide Series. Houghton Mifflin Company. New York. 427 p. [details]
additional source
Squires, H. J. (1990). Decapod Crustacea of the Atlantic coast of Canada. <em>Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.</em> 221: 532 p., available online at http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/library/116743.pdf [details]
additional source
Animal Diversity Web. <em>University of Michigan Museum of Zoology.</em> , available online at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/index.html [details]
additional source
Vanner, M. (2003). The encyclopedia of North American birds. <em>Paragon Publishing.</em> 1-383. [details]
additional source
Brown, L.H., E.K. Urban & K. Newman. (1982). The Birds of Africa, Volume I. <em>Academic Press, London.</em> [details]
additional source
Gallardo, J. C.; Macías, V.; Velarde, E. (2009). Birds (Vertebrata: Aves) of the Gulf of Mexico. <em>In: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.</em> Pp. 1321–1342. [details]
additional source
Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]
From other sources
Breeding Category Vagrant [details]
Description Length: 50-56 cm. Plumage: white in non- and white with buff plumes on crown, back and breast in breeding season. Immature like non-breeding adult. Bare parts: iris yellow, red in breeding birds; lores yellow, purplish pink in breeding birds; bill yellow, orange in breeding birds; feet and legs olive brown, dull orange in breeding birds. Habitat: generally pastures and cultivation, but roosts along creeks, estuaries and other water bodies. <388><393><391> [details]
Diet active insects (grasshoppers, crickets, spiders, flies, moths) and frogs [details]
Dimensions Length: 20" (51 cm); Wingspan: 36" (91 cm) [details]
Distribution North America [details]
Habitat mostly terrestrial but is also well adapted to aquatic habitat [details]
IUCN Red List Category Least Concern [details]
Importance some ranchers rely on these birds for fly control more than they do pesticides [details]
Taxonomy can obtain up to 50 % more food and use only two-thirds as much energy catching it by associating with cattle (perch on theirs backs) [details]
From editor or global species database
From other sources
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