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CaRMS taxon details

Toraster tuberculatus (Gray, 1847)

178147  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:178147)

accepted
Species
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent only
(of ) Gray, J.E. (1847). Descriptions of some new genera and species of Asteriadae. <em>Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.</em> 72-83., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12862856
page(s): 79 [details]   
Note Port Natal (Durban)  
From editor or global species database
Type locality Port Natal (Durban) [details]
Description Body form weakly to strongly stellate, relatively thin relative to Tosia or Pentagonaster. Arm tip, rapidly narrowing,...  
Description Body form weakly to strongly stellate, relatively thin relative to Tosia or Pentagonaster. Arm tip, rapidly narrowing, pointed.

Abactinal plates extremely convex, swollen, mostly bare, smooth, round to polygonal in outline. Abactinal surface covered with large, evenly round, spherical granules covering some secondary plate surfaces and plate periphery, especially at lateral contact with superomarginal plate series. Abactinal plates all relatively uniform in size, radial/interradial plates not distinctive, not enlarged. Primary circlet plates sometimes enlarged. Abactinal plates relatively small compared to Tosia or Pentagonaster. Large bivalve-pedicellariae present, commonly bisect abactinal plates. Madreporite polygonal. Double to multiple papular pores present, but absent interradially.

Fasciolar grooves between abactinal plates well-developed. Marginal plates convex, longer than wide, interradially, becoming more wider distally, relatively small compared to Pentagonaster or Tosia, decreasing in size distally. Enlarged bivalve pedicellariae similar to those on abactinal plate surface irregularly present on superomarginal plates. Large, spherical granules, similar to those on abactinal surface form periphery and cover partial superomarginal and inferomarginal surface, especially on lateral marginal plate surface. Granules sometimes distributed patchily over plate surface. Fasciolar grooves between marginal plates, well-developed. Swollen penultimate marginal plates absent. Multiple (3-6) superomarginal plates in contact across midradius adjacent to armtip, becoming more swollen, wider distally.

Actinal plates polygonal, obscured by spherical granules identical to those on abactinal, marginal plate surface, relatively small in size compared to those in Tosia or Pentagonaster. Furrow spines enlarged, relatively few (1-3) in number per plate. Subambulacrals also thickened, granular, becoming indistinguishable from actinal granulation. Adambulacral plate surface facing furrow-straight in outline. Adambulacral “divider” directed horizontally, oriented symmetrically.

Living color described by Mortensen (1933: 243) as a “beautiful red’.
 [details]
Mah, C.L. (2024). World Asteroidea Database. Toraster tuberculatus (Gray, 1847). Accessed through: Nozères, C., Kennedy, M.K. (Eds.) (2024) Canadian Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/CaRMS/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=178147 on 2024-03-28
Nozères, C., Kennedy, M.K. (Eds.) (2024). Canadian Register of Marine Species. Toraster tuberculatus (Gray, 1847). Accessed at: https://marinespecies.org/carms/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=178147 on 2024-03-28
Date
action
by
2005-07-28 06:51:10Z
created
2009-01-31 14:17:57Z
changed

original description  (of ) Gray, J.E. (1847). Descriptions of some new genera and species of Asteriadae. <em>Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.</em> 72-83., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12862856
page(s): 79 [details]   

context source (Deepsea) Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), available online at http://www.iobis.org/ [details]   

basis of record Clark, A. M. (1993). An index of names of recent Asteroidea, part 2: Valvatida. <em>In: Jangoux, M.; Lawrence, J.M. (Ed.) (1996). Echinoderm Studies.</em> 4: 187-366. (look up in IMIS[details]   

additional source Clark, A. M.; Downey, M. E. (1992). Starfishes of the Atlantic. <i>Chapman & Hall Identification Guides</i>, 3. Chapman & Hall. London, UK. ISBN 0-412-43280-3. xxvi, 794 pp. (look up in IMIS[details]   

additional source Clark, A. M.; Courtman-Stock, J. (1976). The echinoderms of southern Africa. Publ. No. 766. British Museum (Nat. Hist), London. 277 pp. [details]   

additional source Mah, C. (2007). Systematics, phylogeny and historical biogeography of the <i>Pentagonaster</i> clade (Asteroidea: Valvatida: Goniasteridae. <em>Invertebrate Systematics.</em> 21: 311-339., available online at https://doi.org/10.1071/IS06049 [details]   
 
 Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
   

From editor or global species database
Description Body form weakly to strongly stellate, relatively thin relative to Tosia or Pentagonaster. Arm tip, rapidly narrowing, pointed.

Abactinal plates extremely convex, swollen, mostly bare, smooth, round to polygonal in outline. Abactinal surface covered with large, evenly round, spherical granules covering some secondary plate surfaces and plate periphery, especially at lateral contact with superomarginal plate series. Abactinal plates all relatively uniform in size, radial/interradial plates not distinctive, not enlarged. Primary circlet plates sometimes enlarged. Abactinal plates relatively small compared to Tosia or Pentagonaster. Large bivalve-pedicellariae present, commonly bisect abactinal plates. Madreporite polygonal. Double to multiple papular pores present, but absent interradially.

Fasciolar grooves between abactinal plates well-developed. Marginal plates convex, longer than wide, interradially, becoming more wider distally, relatively small compared to Pentagonaster or Tosia, decreasing in size distally. Enlarged bivalve pedicellariae similar to those on abactinal plate surface irregularly present on superomarginal plates. Large, spherical granules, similar to those on abactinal surface form periphery and cover partial superomarginal and inferomarginal surface, especially on lateral marginal plate surface. Granules sometimes distributed patchily over plate surface. Fasciolar grooves between marginal plates, well-developed. Swollen penultimate marginal plates absent. Multiple (3-6) superomarginal plates in contact across midradius adjacent to armtip, becoming more swollen, wider distally.

Actinal plates polygonal, obscured by spherical granules identical to those on abactinal, marginal plate surface, relatively small in size compared to those in Tosia or Pentagonaster. Furrow spines enlarged, relatively few (1-3) in number per plate. Subambulacrals also thickened, granular, becoming indistinguishable from actinal granulation. Adambulacral plate surface facing furrow-straight in outline. Adambulacral “divider” directed horizontally, oriented symmetrically.

Living color described by Mortensen (1933: 243) as a “beautiful red’.
 [details]

Type locality Port Natal (Durban) [details]
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