Huxley, Th.H., 1859. The oceanic Hydrozoa; a description of the Calycophoridae and Physophoridae observed during the voyage of H.M.S. "Rattlesnake", in the years 1846-50., available online athttps://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10599749[details]
Schuchert, P.; Choong, H.; Galea, H.; Hoeksema, B.; Lindsay, D.; Manko, M.; Pica, D. (2025). World Hydrozoa Database. Sphaeronectidae Huxley, 1859. Accessed through: Xu, K., An, J., Ding, L., Dong, D., Gao, Y., Huang, Y., Jiang, W., Lei, Y., Li, K., Li, X., Li, Y., Liang, X., Lin, G., Lin, M., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liu, W., Liu, X., Lu, D., Ma, Z., Ren, X., Sha, Z., Sun, J., Sun, S., Sun, Z., Tian, L., Wang, D., Wang, J., Wu, X., Xia, B., Xiao, N., Yin, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Zhao, E., Zheng, X., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. & Zhou, K. (2025) Chinese Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/charms/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=135341 on 2026-09-13
Xu, K., An, J., Ding, L., Dong, D., Gao, Y., Huang, Y., Jiang, W., Lei, Y., Li, K., Li, X., Li, Y., Liang, X., Lin, G., Lin, M., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liu, W., Liu, X., Lu, D., Ma, Z., Ren, X., Sha, Z., Sun, J., Sun, S., Sun, Z., Tian, L., Wang, D., Wang, J., Wu, X., Xia, B., Xiao, N., Yin, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Zhao, E., Zheng, X., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. & Zhou, K. (2026). Chinese Register of Marine Species. Sphaeronectidae Huxley, 1859. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/charms/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=135341 on 2026-09-13
original descriptionHuxley, Th.H., 1859. The oceanic Hydrozoa; a description of the Calycophoridae and Physophoridae observed during the voyage of H.M.S. "Rattlesnake", in the years 1846-50., available online athttps://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10599749[details]
context source (Hexacorallia)Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional sourceGrossmann, M. M.; Lindsay, D. J.; Fuentes, V. (2012). Sphaeronectes pughi sp. nov., a new species of sphaeronectid calycophoran siphonophore from the subantarctic zone. <em>Polar Science.</em> 6(2): 196-199., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2011.11.001 page(s): 196, fig. 1 [details]
additional sourceLindsay, D.J., Grossmann, M., and Minemizu, R. 2011. Sphaeronectes pagesi sp. nov., a new species of sphaeronectid calycophoran siphonophore from Japan, with the first record of S. fragilis Carré 1968 from the North Pacific Ocean and observations on related species. Plankton and Benthos Research 6(2): 101–107., available online athttps://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.6.101 page(s): 101 [details]
additional sourcePugh, P. R. (1999). Siphonophorae. In South Atlantic Zooplankton I. Edited by D. Boltovskoy. <em>Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands.</em> 1-868. page(s): 493 [details]
additional sourcePugh, P. R. 2009. A review of the family Sphaeronectidae (class Hydrozoa, order Siphonophora), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 2147: 1-48., available online athttp://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2009/1/zt02147p048.pdf page(s): 1-26 [details]