Copepoda taxon details

Microcyclops Claus, 1893

Mesocyclops gracilis from Sars, G.O. 1914
Mesocyclops gracilis from Sars, G.O. 1914

347501  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:347501)

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  1. Subgenus Microcyclops (Cryptocyclops) Shen & Sung, 1965
    1. Species Microcyclops (Cryptocyclops) inchoatus Shen & Sung, 1965
  2. Subgenus Microcyclops (Mediocyclops) Dussart & Sarnita, 1986
    1. Species Microcyclops (Mediocyclops) variabilis Dussart & Sarnita, 1986
  3. Subgenus Microcyclops (Microcyclops) Claus, 1893
    1. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) afghanicus Lindberg, 1948
    2. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) arenicola Kiefer, 1960
    3. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) atongae Fryer, 1957
    4. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) ceibaensis (Marsh, 1919)
    5. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) crassipes (Sars G.O., 1927)
    6. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) cunningtoni (Sars G.O., 1909)
    7. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) diminutus (Lindberg, 1937)
    8. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) dubitabilis (Kiefer, 1934)
    9. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) echinatus Fiers, Ghenne & Suárez-Morales, 2000
    10. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) elegans Dussart & Fernando, 1985
    11. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) elgonensis Kiefer, 1932
    12. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) elongatus (Lowndes, 1934)
    13. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) exsulis (Gauthier, 1951)
    14. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) feuerborni Kiefer, 1933
    15. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) finitimus Dussart, 1984
    16. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) furcatus (Daday, 1905)
    17. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) indolusitanicus (Lindberg, 1938)
    18. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) inopinatus (Sars G.O., 1927)
    19. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) jenkinae (Lowndes, 1933)
    20. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) karvei Kiefer & Moorthy, 1935
    21. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) longispinosus Shen & Tai, 1964
    22. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) mediasetosus Dussart & Frutos, 1985
    23. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) medius Dussart & Frutos, 1986
    24. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) microsetus Yeatman, 1983
    25. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) minimus (Kiefer, 1930)
    26. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) moghulensis (Lindberg, 1939)
    27. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) obscuratus Fryer, 1956
    28. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) pachycomus (Sars G.O., 1909)
    29. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) pachyspina Lindberg, 1937
    30. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) paraplesius (Kiefer, 1929)
    31. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) postojnae (Brancelj, 1987)
    32. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) pseudoopercularis Lindberg, 1957
    33. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) pumilis Pennak & Ward, 1985
    34. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) rechtyae Lindberg, 1960
    35. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) richardi (Lindberg, 1942)
    36. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) robustus Shen & Sung, 1965
    37. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) rubellus (Lilljeborg, 1901)
    38. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) semilunaris Lindberg, 1952
    39. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) subaequalis (Kiefer, 1928)
    40. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) sumatranus (Kiefer, 1930)
    41. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) uenoi Kiefer, 1937
    42. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) vaillanti Lindberg, 1957
    43. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) alius Kiefer, 1935 accepted as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) dubitabilis (Kiefer, 1934) (unaccepted > junior objective synonym)
    44. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) anceps (Richard, 1897) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) anceps anceps (Richard, 1897)
      1. Subspecies Microcyclops (Microcyclops) anceps anceps (Richard, 1897)
    45. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) davidi (Chappuis, 1922) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) davidi davidi (Chappuis, 1922)
      1. Subspecies Microcyclops (Microcyclops) davidi davidi (Chappuis, 1922)
      2. Subspecies Microcyclops (Microcyclops) davidi subtropicus (Lindberg, 1939)
    46. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) rubelloides Kiefer, 1952 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) rubelloides rubelloides Kiefer, 1952
      1. Subspecies Microcyclops (Microcyclops) rubelloides opercularis Kiefer, 1952
      2. Subspecies Microcyclops (Microcyclops) rubelloides rubelloides Kiefer, 1952
    47. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) sanfilippoi Brian, 1951 represented as Microcyclops sanfilippoi Brian, 1951
    48. Species Microcyclops (Microcyclops) varicans (Sars G.O., 1863) represented as Microcyclops varicans (Sars G.O., 1863) represented as Microcyclops varicans varicans (Sars G.O., 1863)
      1. Subspecies Microcyclops (Microcyclops) varicans bitaenia Fryer, 1957
      2. Subspecies Microcyclops (Microcyclops) varicans subaequalis (Kiefer, 1928)
      3. Subspecies Microcyclops (Microcyclops) varicans furcatus (Daday, 1905) accepted as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) furcatus (Daday, 1905)
      4. Subspecies Microcyclops (Microcyclops) varicans rubellus (Lilljeborg, 1901) accepted as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) rubellus (Lilljeborg, 1901)
  4. Species Microcyclops cunningtoni (Sars G.O., 1909)
  5. Species Microcyclops inarmatus Gutiérrez-Aguirre & Cervantes-Martínez, 2016
  6. Species Microcyclops microsetus Yeatman, 1983
  7. Species Microcyclops minor Dussart, 1984
  8. Species Microcyclops raynerae Mnisi & Dippenaar, 2019
  9. Species Microcyclops sanfilippoi Brian, 1951
  10. Species Microcyclops transactor Plesa, 1981
  11. Species Microcyclops diaphanus (Fischer, 1853) (uncertain > nomen dubium)
  12. Species Microcyclops alius (Kiefer, 1935) accepted as Microcyclops dubitabilis (Kiefer, 1934) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) dubitabilis (Kiefer, 1934) (unaccepted > junior objective synonym)
  13. Species Microcyclops anninae (Menzel, 1926) accepted as Bryocyclops anninae (Menzel, 1926)
  14. Species Microcyclops arnaudi (Sars G.O., 1908) accepted as Metacyclops arnaudi (Sars G.O., 1908) accepted as Pescecyclops arnaudi (Sars G.O., 1908)
  15. Species Microcyclops assimilis (Sars G.O., 1927) accepted as Metacyclops necessarius (Kiefer, 1926)
  16. Species Microcyclops attenuatus (Sars G.O., 1909) accepted as Cryptocyclops attenuatus (Sars G.O., 1909)
  17. Species Microcyclops bicolor (Sars G.O., 1863) accepted as Cryptocyclops bicolor (Sars G.O., 1863) represented as Cryptocyclops bicolor bicolor (Sars G.O., 1863)
    1. Subspecies Microcyclops bicolor breviramus Fryer, 1957
  18. Species Microcyclops brevifurca (Lowndes, 1934) accepted as Neutrocyclops brevifurca (Lowndes, 1934)
  19. Species Microcyclops caudatus (Sars G.O., 1927) accepted as Cryptocyclops caudatus Sars G.O., 1927
  20. Species Microcyclops dengizicus (Lepeshkin, 1900) accepted as Apocyclops dengizicus dengizicus (Lepeshkin, 1900)
  21. Species Microcyclops diversus (Kiefer, 1935) accepted as Microcyclops ceibaensis (Marsh, 1919) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) ceibaensis (Marsh, 1919)
  22. Species Microcyclops exiguus (Sars G.O., 1909) accepted as Cryptocyclops exiguus (Sars G.O., 1909)
  23. Species Microcyclops exsulis (Gauthier, 1951) accepted as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) exsulis (Gauthier, 1951)
  24. Species Microcyclops falsus (Kiefer, 1929) accepted as Cryptocyclops falsus (Kiefer, 1926)
  25. Species Microcyclops furcatus (Baird, 1837) accepted as Tisbe furcata (Baird, 1837) represented as Tisbe furcata furcata (Baird, 1837)
  26. Species Microcyclops gemellus Gurney, 1928 accepted as Cryptocyclops gemellus Gurney, 1928
  27. Species Microcyclops gracilis (Lilljeborg, 1853) accepted as Metacyclops gracilis gracilis (Lilljeborg, 1853) represented as Metacyclops gracilis (Lilljeborg, 1853)
    1. Subspecies Microcyclops gracilis gracilis (Lilljeborg, 1853)
    2. Subspecies Microcyclops gracilis margaretae (Lindberg, 1940) accepted as Metacyclops gracilis margaretae Lindberg, 1940 accepted as Metacyclops margaretae Lindberg, 1938
  28. Species Microcyclops inchoatus Shen & Sung, 1965 accepted as Cryptocyclops inchoatus Shen & Sung, 1965
  29. Species Microcyclops intermedius Shen & Tai, 1964 accepted as Cryptocyclops intermedius Shen & Tai, 1964
  30. Species Microcyclops kentanensis (Harada, 1931) accepted as Cryptocyclops kentanensis (Harada, 1931)
  31. Species Microcyclops laticornis (Lowndes, 1934) accepted as Metacyclops laticornis (Lowndes, 1934)
  32. Species Microcyclops leptopus (Kiefer, 1927) accepted as Metacyclops leptopus (Kiefer, 1927) represented as Metacyclops leptopus leptopus (Kiefer, 1927)
  33. Species Microcyclops levis (Kiefer, 1952) accepted as Cryptocyclops levis Kiefer, 1952
  34. Species Microcyclops linjanticus (Kiefer, 1928) accepted as Cryptocyclops linjanticus (Kiefer, 1928)
  35. Species Microcyclops longiarticulatus Shen & Tai, 1964 accepted as Cryptocyclops longiarticulatus Shen & Tai, 1964
  36. Species Microcyclops longiramus Shen & Sung, 1965 accepted as Microcyclops afghanicus Lindberg, 1948 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) afghanicus Lindberg, 1948 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  37. Species Microcyclops margaretae (Lindberg, 1938) accepted as Metacyclops margaretae Lindberg, 1938
  38. Species Microcyclops mendocinus (Wierzejski, 1892) accepted as Metacyclops mendocinus (Wierzejski, 1892) represented as Metacyclops mendocinus mendocinus (Wierzejski, 1892)
  39. Species Microcyclops minimus (Kiefer, 1930) accepted as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) minimus (Kiefer, 1930)
  40. Species Microcyclops minutus (Claus, 1863) accepted as Metacyclops minutus (Claus, 1863) represented as Metacyclops minutus minutus (Claus, 1863)
  41. Species Microcyclops monacanthus (Kiefer, 1928) accepted as Pescecyclops monacanthus (Kiefer, 1928)
  42. Species Microcyclops nyasae Fryer, 1957 accepted as Cryptocyclops nyasae (Fryer, 1957)
  43. Species Microcyclops paludicola (Herbst, 1959) accepted as Metacyclops paludicola (Herbst, 1959)
    1. Subspecies Microcyclops paludicola dentatus (Plesa, 1981)
  44. Species Microcyclops panamensis (Marsh, 1913) accepted as Apocyclops panamensis (Marsh, 1913)
  45. Species Microcyclops planus (Gurney, 1909) accepted as Metacyclops planus (Gurney, 1909)
  46. Species Microcyclops pseudoanceps Green, 1962 accepted as Metacyclops pseudoanceps (Green, 1962)
  47. Species Microcyclops sydneyensis (Schmeil, 1898) accepted as Australocyclops australis (Sars G.O., 1896) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  48. Species Microcyclops symoensi (Kiefer, 1956) accepted as Cryptocyclops symoensi Kiefer, 1956
  49. Species Microcyclops tanganicae Gurney, 1928 accepted as Cryptocyclops tanganicae (Gurney, 1928)
  50. Species Microcyclops tredecimus (Lowndes, 1934) accepted as Metacyclops tredecimus (Lowndes, 1934)
  51. Species Microcyclops tricolor (Lindberg, 1937) accepted as Cryptocyclops tricolor (Lindberg, 1937)
  52. Species Microcyclops triumvirorum Kiefer, 1935 accepted as Microcyclops jenkinae (Lowndes, 1933) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) jenkinae (Lowndes, 1933) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  53. Species Microcyclops uviranus (Kiefer, 1958) accepted as Cryptocyclops uviranus Kiefer, 1958
  54. Species Microcyclops afghanicus Lindberg, 1948 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) afghanicus Lindberg, 1948
  55. Species Microcyclops anceps (Richard, 1897) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) anceps anceps (Richard, 1897)
    1. Subspecies Microcyclops anceps anceps (Richard, 1897)
    2. Subspecies Microcyclops anceps pauxensis Herbst, 1962
    3. Subspecies Microcyclops anceps minor Dussart, 1984 accepted as Microcyclops minor Dussart, 1984
  56. Species Microcyclops arenicola Kiefer, 1960 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) arenicola Kiefer, 1960
  57. Species Microcyclops atongae Fryer, 1957 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) atongae Fryer, 1957
  58. Species Microcyclops ceibaensis (Marsh, 1919) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) ceibaensis (Marsh, 1919)
  59. Species Microcyclops crassipes (Sars G.O., 1927) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) crassipes (Sars G.O., 1927)
  60. Species Microcyclops davidi (Chappuis, 1922) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) davidi (Chappuis, 1922) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) davidi davidi (Chappuis, 1922)
  61. Species Microcyclops diminutus (Lindberg, 1937) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) diminutus (Lindberg, 1937)
  62. Species Microcyclops dubitabilis (Kiefer, 1934) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) dubitabilis (Kiefer, 1934)
  63. Species Microcyclops echinatus Fiers, Ghenne & Suárez-Morales, 2000 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) echinatus Fiers, Ghenne & Suárez-Morales, 2000
  64. Species Microcyclops elegans Dussart & Fernando, 1985 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) elegans Dussart & Fernando, 1985
  65. Species Microcyclops elgonensis (Kiefer, 1932) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) elgonensis Kiefer, 1932
  66. Species Microcyclops elongatus (Lowndes, 1934) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) elongatus (Lowndes, 1934)
  67. Species Microcyclops feuerborni Kiefer, 1933 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) feuerborni Kiefer, 1933
  68. Species Microcyclops finitimus Dussart, 1984 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) finitimus Dussart, 1984
  69. Species Microcyclops indolusitanus (Lindberg, 1938) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) indolusitanicus (Lindberg, 1938)
  70. Species Microcyclops inopinatus (Sars G.O., 1927) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) inopinatus (Sars G.O., 1927)
  71. Species Microcyclops javanus Kiefer, 1930 represented as Cyclops (Microcyclops) javanus Kiefer, 1930 accepted as Cryptocyclops javanus (Kiefer, 1930)
  72. Species Microcyclops jenkinae (Lowndes, 1933) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) jenkinae (Lowndes, 1933)
  73. Species Microcyclops karvei Kiefer & Moorthy, 1935 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) karvei Kiefer & Moorthy, 1935
  74. Species Microcyclops longispinosus Shen & Tai, 1964 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) longispinosus Shen & Tai, 1964
  75. Species Microcyclops mediasetosus Dussart & Frutos, 1985 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) mediasetosus Dussart & Frutos, 1985
  76. Species Microcyclops medius Dussart & Frutos, 1986 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) medius Dussart & Frutos, 1986
  77. Species Microcyclops moghulensis (Lindberg, 1939) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) moghulensis (Lindberg, 1939)
  78. Species Microcyclops obscuratus Fryer, 1956 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) obscuratus Fryer, 1956
  79. Species Microcyclops pachycomus (Sars G.O., 1909) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) pachycomus (Sars G.O., 1909)
  80. Species Microcyclops pachyspina Lindberg, 1937 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) pachyspina Lindberg, 1937
  81. Species Microcyclops paraplesius (Kiefer, 1929) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) paraplesius (Kiefer, 1929)
  82. Species Microcyclops postojnae (Brancelj, 1987) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) postojnae (Brancelj, 1987)
  83. Species Microcyclops pseudoopercularis Lindberg, 1957 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) pseudoopercularis Lindberg, 1957
  84. Species Microcyclops pumilis Pennak & Ward, 1985 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) pumilis Pennak & Ward, 1985
  85. Species Microcyclops rechtyae Lindberg, 1960 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) rechtyae Lindberg, 1960
  86. Species Microcyclops richardi (Lindberg, 1942) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) richardi (Lindberg, 1942)
  87. Species Microcyclops robustus Shen & Sung, 1965 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) robustus Shen & Sung, 1965
  88. Species Microcyclops rubelloides Kiefer, 1952 represented as Microcyclops rubelloides rubelloides Kiefer, 1952 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) rubelloides rubelloides Kiefer, 1952
    1. Subspecies Microcyclops rubelloides major Dussart, 1978
    2. Subspecies Microcyclops rubelloides opercularis Kiefer, 1952 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) rubelloides opercularis Kiefer, 1952
    3. Subspecies Microcyclops rubelloides rubelloides Kiefer, 1952 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) rubelloides rubelloides Kiefer, 1952
  89. Species Microcyclops rubellus (Lilljeborg, 1901) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) rubellus (Lilljeborg, 1901)
  90. Species Microcyclops semilunaris Lindberg, 1952 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) semilunaris Lindberg, 1952
  91. Species Microcyclops subaequalis (Kiefer, 1928) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) varicans subaequalis (Kiefer, 1928)
  92. Species Microcyclops sumatranus (Kiefer, 1930) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) sumatranus (Kiefer, 1930)
  93. Species Microcyclops uenoi Kiefer, 1937 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) uenoi Kiefer, 1937
  94. Species Microcyclops vaillanti Lindberg, 1957 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) vaillanti Lindberg, 1957
  95. Species Microcyclops variabilis Dussart & Sarnita, 1986 represented as Microcyclops (Mediocyclops) variabilis Dussart & Sarnita, 1986
    1. Subspecies Microcyclops variabilis variabilis Dussart & Sarnita, 1986
    2. Subspecies Microcyclops variabilis rubellus Monchenko, 1988 accepted as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) varicans rubellus (Lilljeborg, 1901) accepted as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) rubellus (Lilljeborg, 1901) (unaccepted > nomen nudum, Published by Monchenko in 1988, This name is a mistake once appeared in an electronic database and subsequently cited by GBIF, and Pesce’ Copepod Web portal.)
  96. Species Microcyclops varicans (Sars G.O., 1863) represented as Microcyclops varicans varicans (Sars G.O., 1863)
    1. Subspecies Microcyclops varicans dojranensis Petkovski, 1954
    2. Subspecies Microcyclops varicans varicans (Sars G.O., 1863)
    3. Subspecies Microcyclops varicans furcatus (Daday, 1905) accepted as Microcyclops furcatus (Baird, 1837) accepted as Tisbe furcata (Baird, 1837) represented as Tisbe furcata furcata (Baird, 1837)
    4. Subspecies Microcyclops varicans rubens (Wolf, 1905) accepted as Microcyclops rubellus (Lilljeborg, 1901) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) rubellus (Lilljeborg, 1901)
    5. Subspecies Microcyclops varicans bitaenia Fryer, 1957 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) varicans bitaenia Fryer, 1957
    6. Subspecies Microcyclops varicans pachyspina Lindberg, 1937 represented as Microcyclops pachyspina Lindberg, 1937 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) pachyspina Lindberg, 1937
    7. Subspecies Microcyclops varicans rubellus (Lilljeborg, 1901) represented as Microcyclops rubellus (Lilljeborg, 1901) represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) rubellus (Lilljeborg, 1901)
    8. Subspecies Microcyclops varicans subaequalis Kiefer, 1928 represented as Microcyclops (Microcyclops) subaequalis (Kiefer, 1928)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
Claus, C. (1893). Neue Beobachtungen über die Organisation und Entwicklung von Cyclops. Ein Beitrag zur Systematik der Cyclopoiden. [New observations on the organization and development of Cyclops. A contribution to the systematics of the Cyclopoids.]. <em>Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universität zu Wien.</em> 10:283-356, pls. 31-37.
page(s): 347 [details] OpenAccess publication
Taxonomic remark These comments are from Maria Holynska, 3/1/2023, they are the result of her current understanding of the history of Micro-...  
Taxonomic remark These comments are from Maria Holynska, 3/1/2023, they are the result of her current understanding of the history of Micro- and Cyrpto- cyclops, this is only a background informational summary of the current understanding of the two genera and their common and different affinities.

"Claus (1893) erected the genus Microcyclops, which included the species: M. diaphanus G.O.Sars (=M. minutus Claus), gracilis Lilljeborg, bicolor G.O. Sars, varicans G.O. Sars. Claus (1893) did not designate the type species.

Sars (1927) erected the genus Cryptocyclops, which included the species: varicans G.O. Sars, bicolor G.O. Sars, C. gracilis Lilljeborg, attenuatus G.O. Sars, exiguus G.O. Sars, cunnningtoni G.O. Sars, pachycomus G.O. Sars, assimilis G.O. Sars, crassipes G.O. Sars, caudatus G.O. Sars, inopinatus G.O. Sars.
Sars (1927) wrote about Cryptocyclops assimilis “allied to the typical species C. varicans G.O. Sars,” Such a wording, however, is ambiguous and should not be considered as unequivocal designation of the type species (see below article ICZN 67.5).

ICZN 67.5
“Examples. A statement such as any of the following is not to be regarded as a type designation in the meaning of the Code: "Aus xus is a typical example of the genus Aus"; "the venation of the anterior wings of Aus xus is typical of the genus Aus"; "Aus xus may possibly be the type of Aus".
Microcyclops and Cryptocyclops are not objective synonyms, which would be the case if they would have had the same type species.

Sars’ Cryptocyclops includes the species in Claus’s Microcyclops; therefore Microcyclops was considered as senior (subjective) synonym in next few decades.
Kiefer 1929 [“Zur Kenntnis einiger Artengruppen der Süsswasser-Cyclopiden”] considered Sars’ Cryptocyclops as “completely identical” with Microcyclops, yet in this same work he distinguished two lineages within Microcyclops, namely varicans and bicolor.
“Wie oben die in der untergattung Microcyclops vereinigten Formen sich in zwei naturliche aste gliederten [varicans and bicolor]

Kiefer 1929 [“Crustacea Copepoda II Cyclopoida Gnathostoma”] used the classification Genus Cyclops, Subgenus Microcyclops and designated two(!) types:
“Typen: C. (M.) varicans O. Sars und C. (M.) bicolor O. Sars”
Designation of these two types corresponds to Kiefer’s opinion about the two evolutionary lineages within Microcyclops, yet two species cannot be designated as a type of single (sub)genus, therefore the type designation in Kiefer, 1929 cannot be considered as valid.


Remarks from Maria Holynska Feb 2023


Kiefer 1939 [“Yale North India Expedition”] used the classification Microcyclops (Cryptocyclops) for the species linjanticus

Kiefer 1952 [“Exploration du Parc National Albert Mission H. Damas (1935-1936)”]
The classification applied,“Gattung Cryptocyclops Sars, 1927”
Kiefer wrote as follows
In meiner Arbeit uber die freilebenden Ruderfusskrebse der “Yale North India Expedition” (Kiefer, 1939 habe ich die bis dahin gebrauchlichen Untergattungen innerhalb der Familie der Cyclopidae zu selbstandingen Gattungen erhoben. Lediglich die Gattung Microcyclops ist damals noch zwei Untergattungen aufgeteilt geblieben, namlich in Microcyclops s. str. un Cryptocyclops. Heute scheint es mir angebracht, auch diese beiden Gruppen noch als letze zu verselbstandigen. Die varicans-Verwandten sind im Genus Microcyclops Claus 1893, zusammenzufassen. Fur die bicolor-Ahnlichen aber ist die Bezeichnung Cryptocyclops Sars 1927 als Gattungnamen anzuwenden. ...Typus der Gattung Microcyclops ist M. varicans (Sars), Genotypus von Cryptocyclops die Art bicolor (Sars).”

“In my work on the free-living copepods of the Yale North India Expedition (Kiefer, 1939), I elevated the previously used subgenera within the family Cyclopidae to independent genera. Only the genus Microcyclops remained divided into two subgenera, namely Microcyclops s. str. and Cryptocyclops [it was mentioned as Cryptocyclops “Untergattung S [details]
Walter, T.C.; Boxshall, G. (2025). World of Copepods Database. Microcyclops Claus, 1893. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/copepoda/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=347501 on 2026-05-07
Date
action
by
2008-07-15 11:49:29Z
created
Walter, T. Chad
2015-07-13 11:03:02Z
changed
Walter, T. Chad
2020-11-29 13:45:09Z
changed
Walter, T. Chad
2025-04-25 12:54:46Z
changed
Boxshall, Geoff

original description Claus, C. (1893). Neue Beobachtungen über die Organisation und Entwicklung von Cyclops. Ein Beitrag zur Systematik der Cyclopoiden. [New observations on the organization and development of Cyclops. A contribution to the systematics of the Cyclopoids.]. <em>Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universität zu Wien.</em> 10:283-356, pls. 31-37.
page(s): 347 [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Cyclops (Microcyclops) Claus, 1893) Claus, C. (1893). Neue Beobachtungen über die Organisation und Entwicklung von Cyclops. Ein Beitrag zur Systematik der Cyclopoiden. [New observations on the organization and development of Cyclops. A contribution to the systematics of the Cyclopoids.]. <em>Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universität zu Wien.</em> 10:283-356, pls. 31-37.
page(s): 343 [details] OpenAccess publication

additional source Monchenko, V.I. (1974). Shchelepnoroti tsiklopodiny, tsiklopi (Cyclopidae). Gnathostoma, Cyclopoida, (Cyclopidae). [Sliver-clawed cyclopoids, Cyclops (Cyclopidae). Gnathnostoma, Cyclopoida, (Cyclopidae).]. <em>Fauna Ukrainy, Fauna of Ukraine, Vidavnitstvo Naukova Dumka, Kiev.</em> 27(3):1-452, figs. 1-142. (28-vi-1974, Ukrainian).
page(s): 356-358 [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Sars, G.O. (1927). The freshwater Entomostraca of the Cape Province (Union of South Africa). Part III: Copepoda. <em>Annals of the South African Museum.</em> 25(5): 85-149. [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Rylov, V.M. (1963). Freshwater Cyclopoida. Cyclopoida presnykh vod. <em>Fauna of USSR, Crustacea.</em> 3(3): i-vi, 1-314, figs. 1-79. ( Translation by Israel Program Scient. Trans. of Rylov, V.M. (1948). Cyclopoida presnyk vod. Cyclopoid fauna. Fauna SSSR Rakoobraznye, Moscow. 3(3):1-318, figs. 1-79. [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Claus, C. (1893). Über die Antennen der Cyclopiden und die Auflösung der Gattung Cyclops in Gattungen und Untergattungen. [On the antennae of the Cyclops and the resolution of the genus Cyclops into genera and subgenera.]. <em>Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse.</em> 30(9):79-83. [details] OpenAccess publication

additional source Mirabdullayev, I.M. & N.A. Mirzambetov. (2024). On Morphology and taxonomy of Microcyclops pachyspina (Lindberg, 1937) (Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopidae), and the Genus Microcyclops Claus, 1893 in central Asia. <em>Munis Entomology & Zoology.</em> 19(1):120-126. Jan 2024. [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]
 
 Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
From editor or global species database
Taxonomic remark These comments are from Maria Holynska, 3/1/2023, they are the result of her current understanding of the history of Micro- and Cyrpto- cyclops, this is only a background informational summary of the current understanding of the two genera and their common and different affinities.

"Claus (1893) erected the genus Microcyclops, which included the species: M. diaphanus G.O.Sars (=M. minutus Claus), gracilis Lilljeborg, bicolor G.O. Sars, varicans G.O. Sars. Claus (1893) did not designate the type species.

Sars (1927) erected the genus Cryptocyclops, which included the species: varicans G.O. Sars, bicolor G.O. Sars, C. gracilis Lilljeborg, attenuatus G.O. Sars, exiguus G.O. Sars, cunnningtoni G.O. Sars, pachycomus G.O. Sars, assimilis G.O. Sars, crassipes G.O. Sars, caudatus G.O. Sars, inopinatus G.O. Sars.
Sars (1927) wrote about Cryptocyclops assimilis “allied to the typical species C. varicans G.O. Sars,” Such a wording, however, is ambiguous and should not be considered as unequivocal designation of the type species (see below article ICZN 67.5).

ICZN 67.5
“Examples. A statement such as any of the following is not to be regarded as a type designation in the meaning of the Code: "Aus xus is a typical example of the genus Aus"; "the venation of the anterior wings of Aus xus is typical of the genus Aus"; "Aus xus may possibly be the type of Aus".
Microcyclops and Cryptocyclops are not objective synonyms, which would be the case if they would have had the same type species.

Sars’ Cryptocyclops includes the species in Claus’s Microcyclops; therefore Microcyclops was considered as senior (subjective) synonym in next few decades.
Kiefer 1929 [“Zur Kenntnis einiger Artengruppen der Süsswasser-Cyclopiden”] considered Sars’ Cryptocyclops as “completely identical” with Microcyclops, yet in this same work he distinguished two lineages within Microcyclops, namely varicans and bicolor.
“Wie oben die in der untergattung Microcyclops vereinigten Formen sich in zwei naturliche aste gliederten [varicans and bicolor]

Kiefer 1929 [“Crustacea Copepoda II Cyclopoida Gnathostoma”] used the classification Genus Cyclops, Subgenus Microcyclops and designated two(!) types:
“Typen: C. (M.) varicans O. Sars und C. (M.) bicolor O. Sars”
Designation of these two types corresponds to Kiefer’s opinion about the two evolutionary lineages within Microcyclops, yet two species cannot be designated as a type of single (sub)genus, therefore the type designation in Kiefer, 1929 cannot be considered as valid.


Remarks from Maria Holynska Feb 2023


Kiefer 1939 [“Yale North India Expedition”] used the classification Microcyclops (Cryptocyclops) for the species linjanticus

Kiefer 1952 [“Exploration du Parc National Albert Mission H. Damas (1935-1936)”]
The classification applied,“Gattung Cryptocyclops Sars, 1927”
Kiefer wrote as follows
In meiner Arbeit uber die freilebenden Ruderfusskrebse der “Yale North India Expedition” (Kiefer, 1939 habe ich die bis dahin gebrauchlichen Untergattungen innerhalb der Familie der Cyclopidae zu selbstandingen Gattungen erhoben. Lediglich die Gattung Microcyclops ist damals noch zwei Untergattungen aufgeteilt geblieben, namlich in Microcyclops s. str. un Cryptocyclops. Heute scheint es mir angebracht, auch diese beiden Gruppen noch als letze zu verselbstandigen. Die varicans-Verwandten sind im Genus Microcyclops Claus 1893, zusammenzufassen. Fur die bicolor-Ahnlichen aber ist die Bezeichnung Cryptocyclops Sars 1927 als Gattungnamen anzuwenden. ...Typus der Gattung Microcyclops ist M. varicans (Sars), Genotypus von Cryptocyclops die Art bicolor (Sars).”

“In my work on the free-living copepods of the Yale North India Expedition (Kiefer, 1939), I elevated the previously used subgenera within the family Cyclopidae to independent genera. Only the genus Microcyclops remained divided into two subgenera, namely Microcyclops s. str. and Cryptocyclops [it was mentioned as Cryptocyclops “Untergattung S [details]
    Definitions

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3x5 C.B. Wilson Taxonomic Card - Microcyclops Document hosted within Copepoda 
3x5 C.B. Wilson Taxonomic Card - Microcyclops mediocyclops Document hosted within Copepoda 
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Microcyclops) 
To Genbank 
To ITIS
From editor or global species database