Deep-Sea source details
Hooper, J.N.A. (2002 [2004]). Family Acarnidae Dendy, 1922. Pp. 412–431. In: Hooper, J.N.A.; Van Soest, R.W.M. (2002 [2004]). Systema Porifera. A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. (2 volumes). Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publ., New York. 1708+XLVIII. ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5 (eBook electronic version).
404771
Hooper, J.N.A.
2002 [2004]
Family Acarnidae Dendy, 1922. Pp. 412–431. <em>In: </em>Hooper, J.N.A.; Van Soest, R.W.M. (2002 [2004])
Systema Porifera. A Guide to the Classification of Sponges
(2 volumes). Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publ., New York. 1708+XLVIII. ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5 (eBook electronic version)
Publication
Available for editors 
Acarnidae Dendy (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Microcionina) contains 37 nominal genera of which 13 are considered here to be valid, and probably several hundreds of species. Acarnids are distributed worldwide, although several genera are predominant in colder temperate waters, and several have very restricted (apparently endemic) geographic ranges. Major morphological characters diagnostic for the family include massive, burrowing, excavating or encrusting growth forms with fistules, as well as non-fistulose genera with digitate, flabellate, massive or encrusting growth forms; ectosomal skeleton with tangentially arranged tylotes with spined bases; choanosomal skeleton reticulate (in massive) or plumose (in encrusting growth forms), with or without echinating spicules; megascleres include styles; and microscleres are palmate isochelae and toxas, sometimes lost or sometimes with other microscleres such as bipocillae, modified anisochelae, microrhabds and raphides.
Systematics, Taxonomy
Date
action
by
Acanthorhabdus Burton, 1929 (basis of record)
Acarnidae Dendy, 1922 (taxonomy source)
Acarnidae Dendy, 1922 (basis of record)
Acarnus Gray, 1867 (additional source)
Acheliderma Topsent, 1892 (basis of record)
Astylinifer Topsent, 1927 accepted as Acheliderma Topsent, 1892 (basis of record)
Coelosphaerella de Laubenfels, 1934 accepted as Cornulum Carter, 1876 (basis of record)
Coelosphaerella johnsoni de Laubenfels, 1934 accepted as Cornulum johnsoni (de Laubenfels, 1934) (basis of record)
Cornulum Carter, 1876 (basis of record)
Cornulum johnsoni (de Laubenfels, 1934) (basis of record)
Dolichacantha Hentschel, 1914 (basis of record)
Iophon Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Iophon nigricans (Bowerbank, 1858) (basis of record)
Iophonopsis Dendy, 1924 accepted as Iophon Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Iophonopsis nigricans (Bowerbank, 1866) accepted as Iophon nigricans (Bowerbank, 1858) (basis of record)
Megaciella Hallmann, 1920 (basis of record)
Melonchela Koltun, 1955 accepted as Cornulum Carter, 1876 (additional source)
Zyzzya Laubenfels, 1936 (basis of record)
Acarnidae Dendy, 1922 (taxonomy source)
Acarnidae Dendy, 1922 (basis of record)
Acarnus Gray, 1867 (additional source)
Acheliderma Topsent, 1892 (basis of record)
Astylinifer Topsent, 1927 accepted as Acheliderma Topsent, 1892 (basis of record)
Coelosphaerella de Laubenfels, 1934 accepted as Cornulum Carter, 1876 (basis of record)
Coelosphaerella johnsoni de Laubenfels, 1934 accepted as Cornulum johnsoni (de Laubenfels, 1934) (basis of record)
Cornulum Carter, 1876 (basis of record)
Cornulum johnsoni (de Laubenfels, 1934) (basis of record)
Dolichacantha Hentschel, 1914 (basis of record)
Iophon Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Iophon nigricans (Bowerbank, 1858) (basis of record)
Iophonopsis Dendy, 1924 accepted as Iophon Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Iophonopsis nigricans (Bowerbank, 1866) accepted as Iophon nigricans (Bowerbank, 1858) (basis of record)
Megaciella Hallmann, 1920 (basis of record)
Melonchela Koltun, 1955 accepted as Cornulum Carter, 1876 (additional source)
Zyzzya Laubenfels, 1936 (basis of record)
