Deep-Sea taxon details
Phyllangia americana Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849
346430 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:346430)
accepted
Species
marine, fresh, terrestrial
Milne Edwards H, Haime J. (1849). Recherches sur les polypiers. Mémoire 4. Monographie des Astréides (1) (suite). <em>Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Series 3.</em> 12, 3, 95-197. [details] 
Depth range 0-55 m
Depth range 0-55 m [details]
Hoeksema, B. W.; Cairns, S.; Samimi-Namin, K. (2026). World List of Scleractinia. Phyllangia americana Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849. Accessed through: Glover, A.G.; Higgs, N.; Horton, T. (2026) World Register of Deep-Sea species (WoRDSS) at: https://www.marinespecies.org/deepsea/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=346430 on 2026-08-30
Glover, A.G.; Higgs, N.; Horton, T. (2026). World Register of Deep-Sea species (WoRDSS). Phyllangia americana Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/Deepsea/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=346430 on 2026-08-30
Date
action
by
original description
Milne Edwards H, Haime J. (1849). Recherches sur les polypiers. Mémoire 4. Monographie des Astréides (1) (suite). <em>Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Series 3.</em> 12, 3, 95-197. [details]
context source (Bermuda) Cairns, S.D. (2000). A revision of the shallow-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia of the western Atlantic. <em>Studies on the Natural History of the Caribbean Region.</em> 75: 1-231. [details] Available for editors
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). , available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/ [details]
additional source Almy CC, Carrión-Torres C. (1963). Shallow water stony corals of Puerto Rico. <em>Caribbean Journal of Science.</em> 3: 269-279. [details]
additional source Cairns, S.D. (1977). A checklist of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Gulf of Mexico, with the description of a new species. <em>Gulf Research Reports.</em> 6 (1): 9-15., available online at https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr/vol6/iss1/2/ [details] Available for editors
additional source Cairns, S.D. (1977). Caryophylliina and Dendrophylliina (Anthozoa: Scleractinia). <em>Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises.</em> 3(4): 1-27., available online at https://f50006a.eos-intl.net/ELIBSQL12_F50006A_Documents/mhc_v3_4_0813_R.pdf [details]
additional source Cairns, S.D. (1982). Stony corals (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa, Scleractinia) of Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. <em>Smithsonian Contribution to the Marine Sciences.</em> 12:271-302., available online at https://doi.org/10.5479/si.01960768.12.272
page(s): 272, 289-290, Figure 128e [details] Available for editors
additional source Cairns, S.D. (2009-2017). On line appendix: Phylogenetic list of the 711 valid Recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species with their junior synonyms and depth ranges, 28 pp. <em>In: Cold-Water Corals: The Biology and Geology of Deep-Sea Coral Habitats.</em> Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. [details]
additional source Castro, C. B.; Echeverría, C. A.; Pires, D. de Oliveira; Fonseca, C. G. (1999). Distribuição do bentos (Cnidaria e Echinodermata) em costões rochosos da Baía da Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. PPGE-UFRJ. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil., volume VII, pp. 179-193, available online at https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.1999.0701.08
page(s): 183, 184 [details]
additional source Cortès, J., Guzmán, H. (1985). Organismos de los arrecifes coralinos de Costa Rica III. Descripcion y distribucion geografica de corales escleractinios (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia) de la Costa Caribe. <em>Brenesia.</em> 24: 63-123. [details]
additional source Duchassaing P, Michelotti J. (1860). Mémoire sur les coralliaires des Antilles. <em>Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences de Turin, séries 2.</em> 19: 279-365, pls 1-10., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12140332 [details]
additional source Duchassaing P, Michelotti J. (1864). Supplément au mémoire sur les coralliaires des Antilles. <em>Memorie della Reale Accademia della Scienze di Torino, Serie 2.</em> 23: 97-206, plates 1-11., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31197612 [details]
additional source Duerden, J.E. (1902). West Indian Madreporarian polyps. <em>Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences.</em> 8: 401-648, pls. 1-25. [details]
additional source Figueira de Paula, A.; Creed, J. C. (2004). Two species of the coral Tubastraea (Cnidaria, Scleractinia) in Brazil: a case of accidental introduction. <em>Bulletin of Marine Science.</em> 74: 175-183.
page(s): 175 [details]
additional source Hubbard, R. H.; Wells, J. W. (1986). Ahermatypic shallow-water scleractinian corals of Trinidad. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands, 68(211): 121-144
page(s): 129 Figures 10, 12 (USNM 68468) [details]
additional source Kitahara MV. (2007). Species richness and distribution of azooxanthellate Scleractinia in Brazil. <em>Bulletin of Marine Science.</em> 81 (3): 497-518. [details]
additional source Laborel J. (1967). A revised list of Brazilian scleractinian corals and description of a new species. <em>Postilla Yale Peabody Museum.</em> 107: 1-14.
page(s): 3 [details]
additional source Laborel J. (1969). Madréporaires et Hydrocoralliaires récifaux des côtes Brésiliennes: systématique, écologie, répartition verticale et géographique. <em>Results Scientifiques du Campagne de Calypso au Large des Côtes Atlantiques de l'Amérique du Sud (1961-1962).</em> 9(25): 171-229. [details]
additional source Laborel, J. (1970). Les peuplements de madréporaires des côtes tropicales du Brésil. Annales de l'Université d'Abidjan, 2, E, (3): 7-261
page(s): 32, 147, 160, 164, 194 [details]
additional source Neves, E.; Johnsson, R.; Sampaio, C.; Pichon, M. (2006). The occurrence of Scolymia cubensis in Brazil: revising the problem of the Caribbean solitary mussids. Zootaxa, 1366, 45-54, available online at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1366.1.2
page(s): 52 [details]
additional source Pourtalès L.F. de. (1871). Deep-sea corals. <em>Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College.</em> 2 (4): 1-93, pls. 1-8., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13636
page(s): 30, 31, 60, 79, 89 [details]
additional source Robertson R. (1970). Review of the predators and parasites of stony Corals, with special reference to symbiotic Prosobranch Gastropods. <i>Pacific Science 24 (1)</i>: 43-54
page(s): 46 [details]
additional source Santodomingo, N.; Reyes, J.; Flórez, P.; Chacón-Gómez, I.C.; van Ofwegen, L.P.; Hoeksema, B.W. (2012). Diversity and distribution of azooxanthellate corals in the Colombian Caribbean. <em>Marine Biodiversity.</em> 43(1): 7-22., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-012-0131-6 [details]
additional source Vaughan TW. (1906). A new species of Coenocyathus from California and the Brazilian astrangid corals. <em>Proceedings of the United States National Museum.</em> 30 (1477): 847-850, pls. 77-78., available online at https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.30-1477.847
page(s): 848 [details]
additional source Verrill, A.E. (1866). On the polyps and corals from Panama with descriptions of new species. <em>Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History.</em> 10: 323-333., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9492305
page(s): 324 [details]
additional source Verrill, A.E. (1907). The Bermuda Islands. Part IV. Geology and paleontology, and part V. An account of the coral reefs. <em>Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences.</em> 12: 45-348., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14214322 [details]
additional source Volpi, C., Benvenuti D., 2003. The Duchassaing & Michelotti collection of Caribbean corals: status of the types and location of the specimens. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in Milano 144 1: 51-74.
page(s): 64 [details]
additional source Weisbord NE. (1974). Late Cenozoic corals of south Florida. <em>Bulletins of American Paleontology.</em> 66: 259-544. [details]
additional source Zamponi, M. O. (2005). Estudio de la reproducción sexual de las anémonas de mar (Actiniaria) y la estrategia del hombre pobre (the poor man's game). Revista Real Academia Galega de Ciencias, 24
page(s): 7 [details]
additional source Zlatarski VN, Martinez Estalella N. (1982). Les Scléractiniaires de Cuba avec des données sur les organismes associés. <em>Editions l'Académie bulgare des Sciences, Sofia.</em> 472 pp. [details]
additional source Zlatarski, V. N.; Estalella, N. M. (1980). Scleractinia of Cuba with data on the constituent organisms [in Bulgarian]. Bulgarian Academy of Science. Sophia., pp. 312.
page(s): 15, 17, 24, 26, 87-89, 192, 193, 203, 214, 218, 244, 246, 248, 250, 297, 307 [details]
context source (Bermuda) Cairns, S.D. (2000). A revision of the shallow-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia of the western Atlantic. <em>Studies on the Natural History of the Caribbean Region.</em> 75: 1-231. [details] Available for editors
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). , available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/ [details]
additional source Almy CC, Carrión-Torres C. (1963). Shallow water stony corals of Puerto Rico. <em>Caribbean Journal of Science.</em> 3: 269-279. [details]
additional source Cairns, S.D. (1977). A checklist of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Gulf of Mexico, with the description of a new species. <em>Gulf Research Reports.</em> 6 (1): 9-15., available online at https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr/vol6/iss1/2/ [details] Available for editors
additional source Cairns, S.D. (1977). Caryophylliina and Dendrophylliina (Anthozoa: Scleractinia). <em>Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises.</em> 3(4): 1-27., available online at https://f50006a.eos-intl.net/ELIBSQL12_F50006A_Documents/mhc_v3_4_0813_R.pdf [details]
additional source Cairns, S.D. (1982). Stony corals (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa, Scleractinia) of Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. <em>Smithsonian Contribution to the Marine Sciences.</em> 12:271-302., available online at https://doi.org/10.5479/si.01960768.12.272
page(s): 272, 289-290, Figure 128e [details] Available for editors
additional source Cairns, S.D. (2009-2017). On line appendix: Phylogenetic list of the 711 valid Recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species with their junior synonyms and depth ranges, 28 pp. <em>In: Cold-Water Corals: The Biology and Geology of Deep-Sea Coral Habitats.</em> Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. [details]
additional source Castro, C. B.; Echeverría, C. A.; Pires, D. de Oliveira; Fonseca, C. G. (1999). Distribuição do bentos (Cnidaria e Echinodermata) em costões rochosos da Baía da Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. PPGE-UFRJ. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil., volume VII, pp. 179-193, available online at https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.1999.0701.08
page(s): 183, 184 [details]
additional source Cortès, J., Guzmán, H. (1985). Organismos de los arrecifes coralinos de Costa Rica III. Descripcion y distribucion geografica de corales escleractinios (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia) de la Costa Caribe. <em>Brenesia.</em> 24: 63-123. [details]
additional source Duchassaing P, Michelotti J. (1860). Mémoire sur les coralliaires des Antilles. <em>Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences de Turin, séries 2.</em> 19: 279-365, pls 1-10., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12140332 [details]
additional source Duchassaing P, Michelotti J. (1864). Supplément au mémoire sur les coralliaires des Antilles. <em>Memorie della Reale Accademia della Scienze di Torino, Serie 2.</em> 23: 97-206, plates 1-11., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31197612 [details]
additional source Duerden, J.E. (1902). West Indian Madreporarian polyps. <em>Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences.</em> 8: 401-648, pls. 1-25. [details]
additional source Figueira de Paula, A.; Creed, J. C. (2004). Two species of the coral Tubastraea (Cnidaria, Scleractinia) in Brazil: a case of accidental introduction. <em>Bulletin of Marine Science.</em> 74: 175-183.
page(s): 175 [details]
additional source Hubbard, R. H.; Wells, J. W. (1986). Ahermatypic shallow-water scleractinian corals of Trinidad. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands, 68(211): 121-144
page(s): 129 Figures 10, 12 (USNM 68468) [details]
additional source Kitahara MV. (2007). Species richness and distribution of azooxanthellate Scleractinia in Brazil. <em>Bulletin of Marine Science.</em> 81 (3): 497-518. [details]
additional source Laborel J. (1967). A revised list of Brazilian scleractinian corals and description of a new species. <em>Postilla Yale Peabody Museum.</em> 107: 1-14.
page(s): 3 [details]
additional source Laborel J. (1969). Madréporaires et Hydrocoralliaires récifaux des côtes Brésiliennes: systématique, écologie, répartition verticale et géographique. <em>Results Scientifiques du Campagne de Calypso au Large des Côtes Atlantiques de l'Amérique du Sud (1961-1962).</em> 9(25): 171-229. [details]
additional source Laborel, J. (1970). Les peuplements de madréporaires des côtes tropicales du Brésil. Annales de l'Université d'Abidjan, 2, E, (3): 7-261
page(s): 32, 147, 160, 164, 194 [details]
additional source Neves, E.; Johnsson, R.; Sampaio, C.; Pichon, M. (2006). The occurrence of Scolymia cubensis in Brazil: revising the problem of the Caribbean solitary mussids. Zootaxa, 1366, 45-54, available online at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1366.1.2
page(s): 52 [details]
additional source Pourtalès L.F. de. (1871). Deep-sea corals. <em>Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College.</em> 2 (4): 1-93, pls. 1-8., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13636
page(s): 30, 31, 60, 79, 89 [details]
additional source Robertson R. (1970). Review of the predators and parasites of stony Corals, with special reference to symbiotic Prosobranch Gastropods. <i>Pacific Science 24 (1)</i>: 43-54
page(s): 46 [details]
additional source Santodomingo, N.; Reyes, J.; Flórez, P.; Chacón-Gómez, I.C.; van Ofwegen, L.P.; Hoeksema, B.W. (2012). Diversity and distribution of azooxanthellate corals in the Colombian Caribbean. <em>Marine Biodiversity.</em> 43(1): 7-22., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-012-0131-6 [details]
additional source Vaughan TW. (1906). A new species of Coenocyathus from California and the Brazilian astrangid corals. <em>Proceedings of the United States National Museum.</em> 30 (1477): 847-850, pls. 77-78., available online at https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.30-1477.847
page(s): 848 [details]
additional source Verrill, A.E. (1866). On the polyps and corals from Panama with descriptions of new species. <em>Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History.</em> 10: 323-333., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9492305
page(s): 324 [details]
additional source Verrill, A.E. (1907). The Bermuda Islands. Part IV. Geology and paleontology, and part V. An account of the coral reefs. <em>Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences.</em> 12: 45-348., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14214322 [details]
additional source Volpi, C., Benvenuti D., 2003. The Duchassaing & Michelotti collection of Caribbean corals: status of the types and location of the specimens. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in Milano 144 1: 51-74.
page(s): 64 [details]
additional source Weisbord NE. (1974). Late Cenozoic corals of south Florida. <em>Bulletins of American Paleontology.</em> 66: 259-544. [details]
additional source Zamponi, M. O. (2005). Estudio de la reproducción sexual de las anémonas de mar (Actiniaria) y la estrategia del hombre pobre (the poor man's game). Revista Real Academia Galega de Ciencias, 24
page(s): 7 [details]
additional source Zlatarski VN, Martinez Estalella N. (1982). Les Scléractiniaires de Cuba avec des données sur les organismes associés. <em>Editions l'Académie bulgare des Sciences, Sofia.</em> 472 pp. [details]
additional source Zlatarski, V. N.; Estalella, N. M. (1980). Scleractinia of Cuba with data on the constituent organisms [in Bulgarian]. Bulgarian Academy of Science. Sophia., pp. 312.
page(s): 15, 17, 24, 26, 87-89, 192, 193, 203, 214, 218, 244, 246, 248, 250, 297, 307 [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
Holotype MNHN, verbatimGeounit Recent: Martinique, ... [details]
Unknown type MRSN 232, geounit Guadeloupean Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
From editor or global species database
Biology azooxanthellate [details]Depth range 0-55 m [details]
Type locality Recent: Martinique, Lesser Antilles [details]
