Goto, Ryutaro.; Hirabayashi, Isao; Palmer, A. Richard. (2019). Remarkably loud snaps during mouth-fighting by a sponge-dwelling worm. Current Biology. 29(13): R617-R618.

352219

10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.047 [view]

Goto, Ryutaro.; Hirabayashi, Isao; Palmer, A. Richard

2019

29(13): R617-R618

Publication

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960982219306177

World Polychaeta Database (WPolyDb)

Summary. Many aquatic animals, including mammals, fishes, crustaceans and insects, produce loud sounds underwater 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Soft-bodied worms would seem unlikely to produce a loud snap or pop because such brief, intense sounds normally require extreme movements and sophisticated energy storage and release mechanisms [5]. Surprisingly, we discovered a segmented marine worm [Leocratides kimuraorum] that makes loud popping sounds during a highly stereotyped intraspecific agonistic behavior we call ‘mouth fighting’. These sounds — sound pressures up to 157 dB re 1 µPa at 1 m, with frequencies in the 1–100 kHz range and a strong signal at ~6.9 kHz — are comparable to those made by snapping shrimps, which are among the most intense biological sounds that have been measured in the sea [6]. We suggest a novel mechanism for generating ultrafast movements and loud sounds in a soft-bodied animal: thick, muscular pharyngeal walls appear to allow energy storage and cocking; this permits extremely rapid expansion of the pharynx within the worm’s body during the strike, which yields an intense popping sound (likely via cavitation) and a rapid influx of water. Clearly, even soft-bodied marine invertebrates can produce remarkably loud sounds underwater. How they do so remains an intriguing biomechanical puzzle that hints at a new type of extreme biology.

Japan

Annelida
Polychaeta

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