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Porifera name detailsSpongia oculata Linnaeus, 1759
268170 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:268170)
unaccepted (genus transfer)
Species
marine,
recent only
Linnaeus, C. (1759). Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus II. Editio decima, reformata. - pp. [1-4], 825-1384. Holmiæ. (L. Salvii)., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/587267
page(s): 1348 [details] 
Homonymy This is a senior primary homonym of Spongia oculata Pallas, 1766. No locality was quoted by Linnaeus, 1759 and the...
Homonymy This is a senior primary homonym of Spongia oculata Pallas, 1766. No locality was quoted by Linnaeus, 1759 and the description is too general to assess what its identity could be. In the 1767 edition, he followed Pallas (1766), who recorded 'Mare inter Angliam & Belgium' and this is here assumed to be the type locality. Although it is traditional to consider Pallas as the author of the species, he did cite Linnaeus' 1759 record as belonging to his concept of S. oculata, so we propose to transfer authorship to Linnaeus because it is a senior homonym. [details]
de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez, B.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Cárdenas, P.; Díaz, M.-C.; Dohrmann, M.; Downey, R.; Goodwin, C.; Hajdu, E.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Kelly, M.; Klautau, M.; Lim, S.C.; Manconi, R.; Morrow, C.; Pinheiro, U.; Pisera, A.B.; Ríos, P.; Rützler, K.; Schönberg, C.; Turner, T.; Vacelet, J.; van Soest, R.W.M.; Xavier, J. (2025). World Porifera Database. Spongia oculata Linnaeus, 1759. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=268170 on 2026-01-14
Date action by
original description
Linnaeus, C. (1759). Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus II. Editio decima, reformata. - pp. [1-4], 825-1384. Holmiæ. (L. Salvii)., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/587267
page(s): 1348 [details] basis of record Pallas, P. S. (1766). Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones, cum selectis auctorum synonymis. [List of zoophytes containing general outlines of genera and brief descriptions of known species, with selected synonyms of the authors.]. <em>Fransiscum Varrentrapp, Hagae.</em> 451 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6019361 page(s): 390-391 [details] additional source Esper, E.J.C. (1794). Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen. Zweyter Theil. (Raspe: Nürnberg): 1-303. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50841660 page(s): 181-183 [details] additional source Boddaert, P. 1768. Lyst der Plant-Dieren, p. (1-50) + 1-654, pls. 1-14. Van Paddenburg & Van Schoonhoven, Utrecht. page(s): 492 [details] additional source Lamarck, J.-B. de. (1814 [1813]). Sur les polypiers empâtés. <em>Annales du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle.</em> 20: 294-312; 370-386; 432-458. page(s): 452 [details] additional source Bosc, L.A.G. (1802). Histoire Naturelle des Vers : contenant leur description et leurs moeurs, avec figures dessinées d'après nature. <em>Guilleminet, Paris, chez Deterville.</em> 3 vols. 324 pp. + pls. 1-10; 300 pp. + pls. 11-25; 270 pp. + pls. 26-32. 1-324., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41758184 page(s): 142 [details] additional source Lamouroux, J. V. (1816). Histoire des polypiers coralligènes flexibles, vulgairement nommés zoophytes. pp. [i]-lxxxiv, chart, [1]-560, [560, err], pls I-XIX, uncol. by author. Caen: De l'imprimerie de F. Poisson. page(s): 73 [details] additional source Linnaeus, C. (1767). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Ed. 12. 1., Regnum Animale. 1 & 2. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature: according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places. Ed. 12. 1., Animal Kingdom. 1 & 2]. <em>Holmiae [Stockholm], Laurentii Salvii.</em> pp. 1-532 [1766] pp. 533-1327 [1767]., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83650#5 page(s): 1298 [details] additional source Ellis, J.; Solander, D. (1786). The Natural History of many curious and uncommon Zoophytes, collected from various parts of the Globe. Systematically arranged and described by the late Daniel Solander. 4.(Benjamin White & Son: London): 1-206, pls 1-63., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41943909 page(s): 184-185 [details] additional source Grant, R.E. (1826). Observations on the Structure and Functions of the Sponge. <em>Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal.</em> 2: 121-141, pl. II., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2540573 page(s): 135, 140, Fig. 22 [details] additional source Montagu, G. (1814 [1818]). An Essay on Sponges, with Descriptions of all the Species that have been discovered on the Coast of Great Britain. <em>Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society.</em> 2(1): 67-122, pls III-XVI., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45847761 page(s): 78-79 [details] additional source Gmelin, J. F. (1791). Caroli a Linné Systema Naturae, ed. 13. Tome 1(6). Vermes. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig]. pp. 3021-3910. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83098#5 page(s): 3820 [details] additional source Houttuyn, M. (1772). Natuurlyke historie of uitvoerige beschryving der dieren, planten en mineralen, volgens het samenstel van den heer Linnaeus met naauwkeurige afbeelingen. <em>F. Houttuyn, Amsterdam.</em> 1 (17) 1-6, 1-614. page(s): 454 [details] additional source Wilkens, C.F. (1787). P.S. Pallas, Charakteristik der Thierpflanzen. Nach seinem Tode herausgegeben von J.F.W. Herbst. <em>Raspischen Buchhandlung, Nürnberg.</em> pp. 265 + 22 (unnumbered) + pls. XXVI. page(s): 227 [details]  Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Homonymy This is a senior primary homonym of Spongia oculata Pallas, 1766. No locality was quoted by Linnaeus, 1759 and the description is too general to assess what its identity could be. In the 1767 edition, he followed Pallas (1766), who recorded 'Mare inter Angliam & Belgium' and this is here assumed to be the type locality. Although it is traditional to consider Pallas as the author of the species, he did cite Linnaeus' 1759 record as belonging to his concept of S. oculata, so we propose to transfer authorship to Linnaeus because it is a senior homonym. [details]
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