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Díaz, M.C. (2005). Common sponges from shallow marine habitats from Bocas del Toro region, Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science. 41(3): 465-475.
8620
Díaz, M.C.
2005
Common sponges from shallow marine habitats from Bocas del Toro region, Panama
Caribbean Journal of Science
41(3): 465-475
Publication
Available for editors  PDF available [request]
A survey of Porifera biodiversity and distribution was done in three islands of the Bocas del Toro region, Panama. Fourteen sites were explored using mask and snorkel, and occasionally scuba equipment, during ten days. Forty-one species are added to the species known for the region. Our current estimate of sponge diversity in shallow exposed marine habitats of Bocas del Toro is 120 species. Twenty-three species are added to the Panamanian sponge fauna, four of which are new species currently being described. A patchy distribution was observed for most of the sponge species, while few species were present at all sites visited. Approximately 23% (30 species) of the diversity encountered was widely distributed. The species composition of the most typical or common sponges from reef, seagrass beds, or mangrove habitats, agrees with that of other Caribbean sites. An appendix with a field guide to the species encountered in this study is presented.
Caribbean region
Systematics, Taxonomy
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BibTex (BibDesk, LaTeX)
Date
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2013-01-12 18:30:12Z
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2015-09-06 00:45:26Z
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2016-10-09 21:23:15Z
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Aiolochroia crassa (Hyatt, 1875) (additional source)
Aka coralliphaga (Rützler, 1971) accepted as Siphonodictyon coralliphagum Rützler, 1971 (additional source)
Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (additional source)
Amphimedon erina (de Laubenfels, 1936) (additional source)
Amphimedon viridis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (additional source)
Aplysilla glacialis (Merejkowsky, 1878) (additional source)
Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882) (additional source)
Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766) (additional source)
Aplysina insularis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Aplysina lacunosa (Lamarck, 1814) (additional source)
Biemna caribea Pulitzer-Finali, 1986 (additional source)
Callyspongia armigera (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) represented as Callyspongia (Cladochalina) armigera (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Callyspongia fallax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 represented as Callyspongia (Callyspongia) fallax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (additional source)
Callyspongia pallida Hechtel, 1965 represented as Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pallida Hechtel, 1965 (additional source)
Callyspongia vaginalis (Lamarck, 1814) accepted as Callyspongia (Cladochalina) aculeata (Linnaeus, 1759) (additional source)
Calyx podatypa (de Laubenfels, 1934) (additional source)
Chalinula molitba (de Laubenfels, 1949) (additional source)
Chalinula zeae de Weerdt, 2000 (additional source)
Chelonaplysilla erecta (Row, 1911) (additional source)
Chondrilla nucula Schmidt, 1862 (additional source)
Chondrosia collectrix (Schmidt, 1870) (additional source)
Cinachyrella alloclada (Uliczka, 1929) (additional source)
Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) (additional source)
Clathria (Thalysias) schoenus (de Laubenfels, 1936) accepted as Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis Arndt, 1927 (additional source)
Clathria (Thalysias) venosa (Alcolado, 1984) (additional source)
Clathria echinata (Alcolado, 1984) represented as Clathria (Microciona) echinata (Alcolado, 1984) (additional source)
Clathrina primordialis (Haeckel, 1872) (additional source)
Cliona aprica Pang, 1973 (additional source)
Cliona caribbaea Carter, 1882 (additional source)
Cliona delitrix Pang, 1973 accepted as Cliothosa delitrix (Pang, 1973) (additional source)
Cliona tenuis Zea & Weil, 2003 (additional source)
Cliona varians (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Desmapsamma anchorata (Carter, 1882) (additional source)
Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880 (additional source)
Dragmacidon reticulatum (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) (additional source)
Dysidea etheria de Laubenfels, 1936 (additional source)
Erylus formosus Sollas, 1886 (additional source)
Geodia papyracea Hechtel, 1965 (additional source)
Halichondria lutea Alcolado, 1984 represented as Halichondria (Halichondria) lutea Alcolado, 1984 (additional source)
Halichondria magniconulosa Hechtel, 1965 represented as Halichondria (Halichondria) magniconulosa Hechtel, 1965 (additional source)
Halichondria melanadocia de Laubenfels, 1936 represented as Halichondria (Halichondria) melanadocia de Laubenfels, 1936 (additional source)
Haliclona (Reniera) implexiformis (Hechtel, 1965) (additional source)
Haliclona (Reniera) manglaris Alcolado, 1984 (additional source)
Haliclona (Reniera) mucifibrosa de Weerdt, Rützler & Smith, 1991 (additional source)
Haliclona (Reniera) tubifera (George & Wilson, 1919) (additional source)
Haliclona (Rhizoniera) curacaoensis (van Soest, 1980) (additional source)
Haliclona (Soestella) caerulea (Hechtel, 1965) (additional source)
Haliclona (Soestella) piscaderaensis (van Soest, 1980) (additional source)
Haliclona (Soestella) twincayensis de Weerdt, Rützler & Smith, 1991 (additional source)
Haliclona (Soestella) vermeuleni de Weerdt, 2000 (additional source)
Halisarca caerulea Vacelet & Donadey, 1987 (additional source)
Holopsamma helwigi de Laubenfels, 1936 accepted as Desmapsamma anchorata (Carter, 1882) (additional source)
Hyattella cavernosa (Pallas, 1766) (additional source)
Hyrtios proteus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (additional source)
Iotrochota birotulata (Higgin, 1877) (additional source)
Ircinia campana (Lamarck, 1814) (additional source)
Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Ircinia strobilina (Lamarck, 1816) (additional source)
Lissodendoryx colombiensis Zea & van Soest, 1986 represented as Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) colombiensis Zea & van Soest, 1986 (additional source)
Lissodendoryx isodictyalis (Carter, 1882) represented as Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) isodictyalis (Carter, 1882) (additional source)
Monanchora arbuscula (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Mycale angulosa (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) represented as Mycale (Zygomycale) angulosa (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Mycale carmigropila Hajdu & Rützler, 1998 represented as Mycale (Aegogropila) carmigropila Hajdu & Rützler, 1998 (additional source)
Mycale citrina Hajdu & Rützler, 1998 represented as Mycale (Aegogropila) citrina Hajdu & Rützler, 1998 (additional source)
Mycale laevis (Carter, 1882) represented as Mycale (Mycale) laevis (Carter, 1882) (additional source)
Mycale laxissima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) accepted as Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Mycale magnirhaphidifera van Soest, 1984 represented as Mycale (Carmia) magnirhaphidifera van Soest, 1984 (additional source)
Mycale microsigmatosa Arndt, 1927 represented as Mycale (Carmia) microsigmatosa Arndt, 1927 (additional source)
Neofibularia nolitangere (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Niphates caycedoi (Zea & van Soest, 1986) (additional source)
Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (additional source)
Oceanapia bartschi (de Laubenfels, 1934) accepted as Coelocarteria bartschi (de Laubenfels, 1934) (additional source)
Oceanapia nodosa (George & Wilson, 1919) (additional source)
Oceanapia oleracea (Schmidt, 1870) (additional source)
Oceanapia peltata (Schmidt, 1870) (additional source)
Petromica ciocalyptoides (van Soest & Zea, 1986) represented as Petromica (Chaladesma) ciocalyptoides (van Soest & Zea, 1986) (additional source)
Petrosia pellasarca (de Laubenfels, 1934) represented as Petrosia (Petrosia) pellasarca (de Laubenfels, 1934) (additional source)
Petrosia weinbergi van Soest, 1980 represented as Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi van Soest, 1980 (additional source)
Plakinastrella onkodes Uliczka, 1929 (additional source)
Plakortis angulospiculatus (Carter, 1879) (additional source)
Plakortis halichondrioides (Wilson, 1902) (additional source)
Prosuberites laughlini (Díaz, Alvarez & van Soest, 1987) (basis of record)
Ptilocaulis walpersii (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Scopalina ruetzleri (Wiedenmayer, 1977) (additional source)
Spheciospongia vesparium (Lamarck, 1815) (additional source)
Spirastrella coccinea (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Spirastrella hartmani Boury-Esnault, Klautau, Bézac, Wulff & Solé-Cava, 1999 (additional source)
Spongia pertusa Hyatt, 1877 accepted as Spongia (Spongia) anclotea de Laubenfels & Storr, 1958 (additional source)
Spongia tubulifera Lamarck, 1814 represented as Spongia (Spongia) tubulifera Lamarck, 1814 (additional source)
Suberites aurantiaca (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) accepted as Suberites aurantiacus (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Tedania ignis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) represented as Tedania (Tedania) ignis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Terpios manglaris Rützler & Smith, 1993 (additional source)
Tethya actinia de Laubenfels, 1950 (additional source)
Verongula reiswigi Alcolado, 1984 (additional source)
Verongula rigida (Esper, 1794) (additional source)
Xestospongia carbonaria (Lamarck, 1814) accepted as Neopetrosia carbonaria (Lamarck, 1814) (additional source)
Xestospongia muta (Schmidt, 1870) (additional source)
Xestospongia proxima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) accepted as Neopetrosia proxima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Xestospongia rosariensis Zea & Rützler, 1983 accepted as Neopetrosia rosariensis (Zea & Rützler, 1983) (additional source)
Xestospongia subtriangularis (Duchassaing, 1850) accepted as Neopetrosia subtriangularis (Duchassaing, 1850) (additional source)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aiolochroia crassa (Hyatt, 1875) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Aiolochroia crassa (Hyatt, 1875) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Aka coralliphaga (Rützler, 1971) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 
Southwestern Caribbean for Amphimedon erina (de Laubenfels, 1936) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Amphimedon viridis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysilla glacialis (Merejkowsky, 1878)  (inaccurate)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina lacunosa (Lamarck, 1814) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Biemna caribea Pulitzer-Finali, 1986 
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia armigera (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia fallax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia pallida Hechtel, 1965 
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia vaginalis (Lamarck, 1814) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Calyx podatypa (de Laubenfels, 1934) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Chalinula molitba (de Laubenfels, 1949) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Chalinula zeae de Weerdt, 2000 
Southwestern Caribbean for Chelonaplysilla erecta (Row, 1911)  (inaccurate)
Southwestern Caribbean for Chondrilla nucula Schmidt, 1862  (inaccurate)
Southwestern Caribbean for Chondrosia collectrix (Schmidt, 1870) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Cinachyrella alloclada (Uliczka, 1929) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Cinachyrella apion (Uliczka, 1929) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Clathria (Thalysias) schoenus (de Laubenfels, 1936) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Clathria (Thalysias) venosa (Alcolado, 1984) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Clathria echinata (Alcolado, 1984) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Clathrina primordialis (Haeckel, 1872)  (inaccurate)
Southwestern Caribbean for Cliona aprica Pang, 1973 
Southwestern Caribbean for Cliona caribbaea Carter, 1882 
Southwestern Caribbean for Cliona delitrix Pang, 1973 
Southwestern Caribbean for Cliona tenuis Zea & Weil, 2003 
Southwestern Caribbean for Cliona varians (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Desmapsamma anchorata (Carter, 1882) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880 
Southwestern Caribbean for Dragmacidon reticulatum (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Dysidea etheria de Laubenfels, 1936 
Southwestern Caribbean for Erylus formosus Sollas, 1886 
Southwestern Caribbean for Geodia papyracea Hechtel, 1965 
Southwestern Caribbean for Halichondria lutea Alcolado, 1984 
Southwestern Caribbean for Halichondria magniconulosa Hechtel, 1965 
Southwestern Caribbean for Halichondria melanadocia de Laubenfels, 1936 
Southwestern Caribbean for Haliclona (Reniera) implexiformis (Hechtel, 1965) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Haliclona (Reniera) manglaris Alcolado, 1984 
Southwestern Caribbean for Haliclona (Reniera) mucifibrosa de Weerdt, Rützler & Smith, 1991 
Southwestern Caribbean for Haliclona (Reniera) tubifera (George & Wilson, 1919) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Haliclona (Rhizoniera) curacaoensis (van Soest, 1980) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Haliclona (Soestella) caerulea (Hechtel, 1965) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Haliclona (Soestella) piscaderaensis (van Soest, 1980) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Haliclona (Soestella) twincayensis de Weerdt, Rützler & Smith, 1991 
Southwestern Caribbean for Haliclona (Soestella) vermeuleni de Weerdt, 2000 
Southwestern Caribbean for Halisarca caerulea Vacelet & Donadey, 1987 
Southwestern Caribbean for Holopsamma helwigi de Laubenfels, 1936 
Southwestern Caribbean for Hyattella cavernosa (Pallas, 1766) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Hyrtios proteus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 
Southwestern Caribbean for Iotrochota birotulata (Higgin, 1877) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Ircinia campana (Lamarck, 1814) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Ircinia strobilina (Lamarck, 1816) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Lissodendoryx colombiensis Zea & van Soest, 1986 
Southwestern Caribbean for Lissodendoryx isodictyalis (Carter, 1882) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Monanchora arbuscula (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Mycale angulosa (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Mycale carmigropila Hajdu & Rützler, 1998 
Southwestern Caribbean for Mycale citrina Hajdu & Rützler, 1998 
Southwestern Caribbean for Mycale laevis (Carter, 1882) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Mycale laxissima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Mycale magnirhaphidifera van Soest, 1984 
Southwestern Caribbean for Mycale microsigmatosa Arndt, 1927 
Southwestern Caribbean for Neofibularia nolitangere (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Niphates caycedoi (Zea & van Soest, 1986) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 
Southwestern Caribbean for Oceanapia bartschi (de Laubenfels, 1934) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Oceanapia nodosa (George & Wilson, 1919) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Oceanapia oleracea (Schmidt, 1870) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Oceanapia peltata (Schmidt, 1870) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Petromica ciocalyptoides (van Soest & Zea, 1986) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Petrosia pellasarca (de Laubenfels, 1934) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Petrosia weinbergi van Soest, 1980 
Southwestern Caribbean for Placospongia intermedia Sollas, 1888 
Southwestern Caribbean for Plakinastrella onkodes Uliczka, 1929 
Southwestern Caribbean for Plakortis angulospiculatus (Carter, 1879) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Plakortis halichondrioides (Wilson, 1902) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Prosuberites laughlini (Díaz, Alvarez & van Soest, 1987) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Ptilocaulis walpersii (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Scopalina ruetzleri (Wiedenmayer, 1977) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Spheciospongia vesparium (Lamarck, 1815) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Spirastrella coccinea (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Spirastrella hartmani Boury-Esnault, Klautau, Bézac, Wulff & Solé-Cava, 1999 
Southwestern Caribbean for Spongia pertusa Hyatt, 1877 
Southwestern Caribbean for Spongia tubulifera Lamarck, 1814 
Southwestern Caribbean for Suberites aurantiaca (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Tedania ignis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Terpios manglaris Rützler & Smith, 1993 
Southwestern Caribbean for Tethya actinia de Laubenfels, 1950 
Southwestern Caribbean for Verongula reiswigi Alcolado, 1984 
Southwestern Caribbean for Verongula rigida (Esper, 1794) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Xestospongia carbonaria (Lamarck, 1814) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Xestospongia muta (Schmidt, 1870) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Xestospongia proxima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) 
Southwestern Caribbean for Xestospongia rosariensis Zea & Rützler, 1983 


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