Register of Antarctic Marine Species (RAMS)

WoRMS taxon details

Gymnodinium F.Stein, 1878

AphiaID

109475 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:109475)

Classification

Status

accepted

Rank

Genus

Parent

Gymnodiniaceae Lankester, 1885

Synonymised names

Proaulax Diesing, 1866 · unaccepted (synonym)

Rhizodinium Baumeister ex Bourrelly, 1955 · unaccepted (synonym)

Direct children (278)

Ordering

Alphabetically
By status

Children Display

direct main ranks all

Species Gymnodinium abbreviatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium achromaticum Lebour, 1917
Species Gymnodinium acutissimum Okolodkov, 1997
Species Gymnodinium acutiusculum Okolodkov, 1997
Species Gymnodinium adriaticum (Schmarda) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium aequatoriale Hasle, 1960
Species Gymnodinium agaricoides P.H.Campbell, 1973
Species Gymnodinium agiliforme Schiller, 1928
Species Gymnodinium albidum J.B.Lackey & E.W.Lackey, 1970
Species Gymnodinium albulum Er.Lindemann, 1928
Species Gymnodinium allophron J.Larsen, 1994
Species Gymnodinium amphityphlum J.Larsen, 1994
Species Gymnodinium amphora Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium amplinucleum P.H.Campbell, 1973
Species Gymnodinium antarcticum A.E.Thessen, D.J.Patterson & S.A.Murray, 2012
Species Gymnodinium arcticum Wulff, 1919
Species Gymnodinium arcuatum Kofoid, 1931
Species Gymnodinium arenicola Dragesco, 1965
Species Gymnodinium atomatum J.Larsen, 1994
Species Gymnodinium attenuatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium aurantium P.H.Campbell, 1973
Species Gymnodinium auratum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium aureolum (E.M.Hulburt) Gert Hansen, 2000
Species Gymnodinium aureum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium australense Ruiner, 1938
Species Gymnodinium baccatum Balech, 1965
Species Gymnodinium bicaudatum Pavillard, 1905
Species Gymnodinium biconicum J.Schiller, 1928
Species Gymnodinium bicorne Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium bifurcatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium bilobatum Van Meel, 1969
Species Gymnodinium birotundatum van Goor, 1925
Species Gymnodinium boguense P.H.Campbell, 1973
Species Gymnodinium boguensis P.H.Campbell, 1973
Species Gymnodinium bonaerense Akselman, 1985
Species Gymnodinium boreale Gaarder, 1953
Species Gymnodinium canus Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium capitatum Conrad & Kufferath, 1954
Species Gymnodinium caput J.Schiller, 1928
Species Gymnodinium cassieorum R.E.Norris, 1961
Species Gymnodinium catenatum H.W.Graham, 1943
Species Gymnodinium chiasmonetrium Norris, 1961
Species Gymnodinium chukwanii D.Ballantine, 1961
Species Gymnodinium cinctum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium cnodax Conrad & Kufferath, 1954
Species Gymnodinium contractum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium corii J.Schiller, 1928
Species Gymnodinium corollarium A.M.Sundström, Kremp & Daugbjerg, 2009
Species Gymnodinium costatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium cruciatum J.Massart
Species Gymnodinium cucumis Schütt, 1895
Species Gymnodinium cyaneofungiforme Conrad & Kufferath, 1954
Species Gymnodinium danicans P.H.Campbell, 1973
Species Gymnodinium dentatum J.Larsen, 1994
Species Gymnodinium diamphidium R.E.Norris, 1961
Species Gymnodinium diploconus Schütt, 1895
Species Gymnodinium dissimile Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium dogielii Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium doma Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium dorsalisulcum (Hulbert, J.J.A.McLaughlin & Zahl) Shauna Murray, Salas & Hallegraeff, 2007
Species Gymnodinium elongatum B.Hope, 1954
Species Gymnodinium endofasciculum P.H.Campbell, 1973
Species Gymnodinium enorme Ballantine, 1964
Species Gymnodinium exechegloutum R.E.Norris, 1961
Species Gymnodinium filum Lebour, 1917
Species Gymnodinium flavum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium fossarum Conrad & Kufferath, 1954
Species Gymnodinium fukushimae Hada, 1966
Species Gymnodinium fulgens Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium fuscum (Ehrenberg) F.Stein, 1878
Species Gymnodinium fusiforme Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium fusus Schütt, 1896
Species Gymnodinium galaeformis Matzenauer, 1933
Species Gymnodinium galeaeforme Matzenauer, 1933
Species Gymnodinium galeatum J.Larsen, 1994
Species Gymnodinium galeiforme Okolodkov, 1997
Species Gymnodinium galesianum P.H.Campbell, 1973
Species Gymnodinium gelbum Kofoid, 1931
Species Gymnodinium gibbera J.Schiller, 1928
Species Gymnodinium glandiforme Conrad & Kufferath, 1954
Species Gymnodinium gleba Schütt, 1895
Species Gymnodinium gracilentum P.H.Campbell, 1973
Species Gymnodinium grammaticum (Pouchet) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium guttiforme J.Larsen, 1994
Species Gymnodinium guttula Balech, 1976
Species Gymnodinium hamulus Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium herbaceum Kofoid, 1921
Species Gymnodinium heterostriatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium hiroshimaense Hada, 1968
Species Gymnodinium hulburtii P.H.Campbell, 1973
Species Gymnodinium impudicum (S.Fraga & I.Bravo) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000
Species Gymnodinium incertum E.C.Herdman, 1924
Species Gymnodinium incisum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium incoloratum Conrad & Kufferath, 1954
Species Gymnodinium inconstans van Meel, 1969
Species Gymnodinium intercalare Bursa, 1961
Species Gymnodinium inusitatum H.Gu, 2013
Species Gymnodinium irregulare B.Hope, 1954
Species Gymnodinium japonicum Hada, 1974
Species Gymnodinium katodiniforme Elbrachter, 1979
Species Gymnodinium kesslitzii (J.Schiller) Moestrup, 2018
Species Gymnodinium kowalevskii Pitzik, 1967
Species Gymnodinium lachmannii Kent, 1881
Species Gymnodinium lanskoi Rouchijajnen, 1968
Species Gymnodinium lazulum Hulburt, 1957
Species Gymnodinium leptum R.E.Norris, 1961
Species Gymnodinium lineatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium lineopunicum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium litoralis A.ReÃ±é, 2011
Species Gymnodinium lobularis P.H.Campbell, 1973
Species Gymnodinium loburare P.H.Campbell, 1973
Species Gymnodinium lucidum D.Ballantine, 1964
Species Gymnodinium luteo-viride van Meel, 1969
Species Gymnodinium maguelonnense Biecheler, 1952
Species Gymnodinium mammosum van Meel, 1969
Species Gymnodinium marinum Kent, 1880
Species Gymnodinium massarti J.Schiller, 1932
Species Gymnodinium maximum Nordli, 1951
Species Gymnodinium metum Hulburt, 1957
Species Gymnodinium microreticulatum C.J.S.Bolch, Negri & G.M.Hallegraeff, 1999
Species Gymnodinium minor Lebour, 1917
Species Gymnodinium minus Lebour, 1917
Species Gymnodinium minutulum J.Larsen, 1994
Species Gymnodinium modestum Balech, 1976
Species Gymnodinium multilineatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium multistriatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium najadeum J.Schiller, 1928
Species Gymnodinium nanum Schiller, 1928
Species Gymnodinium neapolitanum J.Schiller, 1928
Species Gymnodinium nolleri M.Ellegaard & Ø.Moestrup, 1999
Species Gymnodinium nucaceum Okolodkov, 1997
Species Gymnodinium obliquum Okolodkov, 1997
Species Gymnodinium oceanicum Hasle, 1960
Species Gymnodinium ochraceum Kofoid, 1931
Species Gymnodinium octo J.Larsen, 1994
Species Gymnodinium oppressum Conrad, 1926
Species Gymnodinium opressum Conrad, 1926
Species Gymnodinium ostenfeldii J.Schiller, 1928
Species Gymnodinium ovatocapitatum Van Meel, 1969
Species Gymnodinium ovoideum Okolodkov, 1997
Species Gymnodinium ovulum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium pallidum Skuja, 1939
Species Gymnodinium parvum J.Larsen, 1994
Species Gymnodinium patagonicum Balech, 1971
Species Gymnodinium paulseinii Schiller
Species Gymnodinium paulsenii J.Schiller, 1928
Species Gymnodinium perplexum van Meel, 1969
Species Gymnodinium pingue van Meel, 1969
Species Gymnodinium placidum E.C.Herdman, 1922
Species Gymnodinium polycomma J.Larsen, 1994
Species Gymnodinium prolatum J.Larsen, 1994
Species Gymnodinium pulchrum J.Schiller, 1928
Species Gymnodinium pumilum J.Larsen, 1994
Species Gymnodinium punctatum Pouchet, 1887
Species Gymnodinium puniceum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium purpureum Skuja, 1956
Species Gymnodinium pygmaeum Lebour, 1925
Species Gymnodinium pyrenoidosum T.Horiguchi & Chihara, 1988
Species Gymnodinium radiatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium ravenescens Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium regulare van Meel, 1969
Species Gymnodinium rete Schutt, 1895
Species Gymnodinium rhomboides Schütt, 1895
Species Gymnodinium roseostigma P.H.Campbell, 1973
Species Gymnodinium rubricauda Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium rubrocinctum Lebour, 1925
Species Gymnodinium rubrum Koifoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium scaphium van Meel, 1969
Species Gymnodinium schaefferi S.Morris, 1937
Species Gymnodinium scopulosum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium semidivisum J.Schiller, 1928
Species Gymnodinium servatum W.Busch, 1927
Species Gymnodinium situla Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium smaydae N.S.Kang, H.J.Jeong & Ø. Moestrup., 2014
Species Gymnodinium soyai Hada, 1970
Species Gymnodinium sphaericum (Calkins) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium sphaeroideum Kofoid, 1931
Species Gymnodinium stellatum Hulburt, 1957
Species Gymnodinium striassimum Hulbert
Species Gymnodinium subroseum P.H.Campbell, 1973
Species Gymnodinium subrufescens G.W.Martin, 1929
Species Gymnodinium suffuscum van Meel, 1969
Species Gymnodinium sulcatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium telma van Meel, 1969
Species Gymnodinium translucens Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium translucens P.H.Campbell, 1973
Species Gymnodinium trapeziforme Attaran-Fariman & Bolch, 2007
Species Gymnodinium triangularis Lebour, 1917
Species Gymnodinium uberrimum (G.J.Allman) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium valdecompressum P.H.Campbell, 1973
Species Gymnodinium variabile E.C.Herdman, 1924
Species Gymnodinium vas Van Meel, 1969
Species Gymnodinium venator Flo Jørgensen & Murray, 2004
Species Gymnodinium verruculosum P.H.Campbell, 1973
Species Gymnodinium violescens Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium virescens Wood, 1963
Species Gymnodinium viridaliut J.Schiller, 1955
Species Gymnodinium viridans van Meel, 1969
Species Gymnodinium viridescens Kofoid, 1931
Species Gymnodinium voukii J.Schiller, 1928
Species Gymnodinium wilczekii Pouchet, 1894
Species Gymnodinium wulffii J.Schiller, 1933
Species Gymnodinium acutiusclum Okolodkov, 1997 accepted as Gymnodinium acutiusculum Okolodkov, 1997
Species Gymnodinium affine Dogiel, 1906 accepted as Chytriodinium affine (Dogiel) Chatton, 1920
Species Gymnodinium agile Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 accepted as Durinskia agilis (Kofoid & Swezy) Saburova, Chomérat & Hoppenrath, 2012 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium agile Herdman, 1922 accepted as Herdmania litoralis J.D.Dodge, 1981 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium archimedis Pouchet, 1883 accepted as Cochlodinium archimedes (Pouchet) Lemmermann, 1899 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium arenicolum Dragesco, 1965 accepted as Gymnodinium arenicola Dragesco, 1965
Species Gymnodinium asymmetricum Massart, 1920 accepted as Katodinium asymmetricum (Massart) A.R.Loeblich, III, 1965 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium bei H.J.Spero, 1987 accepted as Pelagodinium bei (H.J.Spero) Siano, Montresor, Probert & Vargas, 2010 (deleted in Algaebase)
Species Gymnodinium breve C.C.Davis, 1948 accepted as Karenia brevis (C.C.Davis) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000 (basionym)
Species Gymnodinium brevisulcatum F.H.Chang, 1999 accepted as Karenia brevisulcata (F.H.Chang) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000 (basionym)
Species Gymnodinium chlorophorum Elbrächter & Schnepf, 1996 accepted as Lepidodinium chlorophorum (M.Elbrächter & E.Schnepf) Gert Hansen, Botes & Salas, 2007 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium coeruleum Dogiel, 1906 accepted as Balechina coerulea (Dogiel) F.J.R.Taylor, 1976 accepted as Cucumeridinium coeruleum (Dogiel) F.Gomez, P.López-García, H.Takayama & D.Moreira, 2015 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium conicum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 accepted as Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca (Pouchet) J.Cachon & M.Cachon, 1968 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium fissum Levander, 1894 accepted as Levanderina fissa (Levander) Moestrup, Hakanen, Gert Hansen, Daugbjerg & M.Ellegaard, 2014 (basionym)
Species Gymnodinium frigidum Balech, 1965 accepted as Gymnodinium antarcticum A.E.Thessen, D.J.Patterson & S.A.Murray, 2012
Species Gymnodinium fungiforme Anisimova, 1926 accepted as Speroidium fungiforme (Anisimova) Moestrup & Calado, 2018
Species Gymnodinium galatheanum Braarud, 1957 accepted as Karlodinium veneficum (D.Ballantine) J.Larsen, 2000 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium geminatum Schütt, 1895 accepted as Cochlodinium geminatum (Schütt) Schütt, 1896 accepted as Polykrikos geminatus (Schütt) D.Qiu & S.Lin, 2013 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium glandula E.C.Herdman, 1924 accepted as Aduncodinium glandula (E.C.Herdman) N.S.Kang, H.J.Jeong & Moestrup, 2015
Species Gymnodinium glaucum Conrad, 1926 accepted as Amphidinium conradii J.Schiller, 1932 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium gracile Bergh, 1882 accepted as Balechina gracilis (Bergh) F.Gómez, Artigas & Gast, 2021
Species Gymnodinium halophilum Biecheler, 1952 accepted as Biecheleria halophila (Biecheler) Moestrup, Lindberg & Daugbjerg, 2009
Species Gymnodinium helix Pouchet, 1887 accepted as Cochlodinium helix Lemmermann,1899 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium helix Schütt, 1895 accepted as Cochlodinium helix Lemmermann,1899 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium hiemale Woloszynska, 1917 accepted as Jadwigia hiemalis (Woloszynska) Moestrup, 2018
Species Gymnodinium instriatum (Freudenthal & J.J.Lee) D.W.Coats, 2002 accepted as Levanderina fissa (Levander) Moestrup, Hakanen, Gert Hansen, Daugbjerg & M.Ellegaard, 2014
Species Gymnodinium lebourae Pavillard, 1921 accepted as Gymnodinium lebouriae Pavillard, 1921 accepted as Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca (Pouchet) J.Cachon & M.Cachon, 1968 (misspelling)
Species Gymnodinium lebouriae Pavillard, 1921 accepted as Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca (Pouchet) J.Cachon & M.Cachon, 1968
Species Gymnodinium leopoliensis Woloszynska, 1917 accepted as Woloszynskia leopoliensis (Woloszynska) R.H.Thompson, 1951 accepted as Tovellia leopoliensis (Woloszynska) Moestrup, K.Lindberg & Daugbjerg, 2005 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium linucheae R.V.Trench & L.-V.Thinh, 1995 accepted as Symbiodinium linucheae (Trench & Thinh) T.C.LaJenesse, 2001
Species Gymnodinium lira Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 accepted as Cucumeridinium lira (Kofoid & Swezy) F.Gómez, P. López-García, H.Takayama & D.Moreira, 2015
Species Gymnodinium lohmannii Paulsen, 1908 accepted as Gymnodinium gracile Bergh, 1882 accepted as Balechina gracilis (Bergh) F.Gómez, Artigas & Gast, 2021 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium lunula Schütt, 1895 accepted as Pyrocystis lunula (Schütt) Schütt, 1896 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium microadriaticum (Freudenthal) F.J.R.Taylor, 1971 accepted as Symbiodinium microadriaticum LaJeunesse, 2017 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium micrum (B.Leadbeater & J.D.Dodge) Loeblich III, 1970 accepted as Karlodinium veneficum (D.Ballantine) J.Larsen, 2000 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium mikimotoi Miyake & Kominami ex Oda, 1935 accepted as Karenia mikimotoi (Miyake & Kominami ex Oda) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium minutum Lebour, 1925 accepted as Heterocapsa rotundata (Lohmann) Gert Hansen, 1995 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium monadicum (Deising) W.S.Kent, 1881 accepted as Gymnodinium partitum (Perty) Moestrup, 2018
Species Gymnodinium myriopyrenoides H.Yamaguchi, T.Nakayama, A.Kai & I.Inouye, 2011 accepted as Nusuttodinium myriopyrenoides (H.Yamaguchi, T.Nakayama, A.Kai & I.Inouye) Y.Takano & H.Yamaguichi, 2014
Species Gymnodinium nagasakiense H.Takayama & M.Adachi, 1985 accepted as Karenia mikimotoi (Miyake & Kominami ex Oda) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium natalense T.Horiguchi & R.N.Pienaar, 1994 accepted as Ansanella natalensis (T.Horiguchi & R.N.Pienaar) Dawut, Sym & T.Horiguchi, 2018
Species Gymnodinium nelsonii G.W.Martin, 1929 accepted as Akashiwo sanguinea (K.Hirasaka) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium ovato-capitatum van Meel, 1969 accepted as Gymnodinium ovatocapitatum Van Meel, 1969
Species Gymnodinium pachydermatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 accepted as Balechina pachydermata (Kofoid & Swezy) A.R.Loeblich Jr. & A.R.Loeblich III, 1968 accepted as Balechina gracilis (Bergh) F.Gómez, Artigas & Gast, 2021
Species Gymnodinium parasiticum Dogiel, 1906 accepted as Chytriodinium parasititum (Dogiel) Chatton, 1912
Species Gymnodinium parvulum Schütt, 1895 accepted as Gyrodinium parvulum (Schütt) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
Species Gymnodinium pascheri (Suchlandt) Schiller, 1954 accepted as Borghiella pascheri (Suchlandt) Moestrup, 2018 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium pellucidum Wulff, 1916 accepted as Gyrodinium pellucidum (Wulff) J.Schiller, 1933 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium pellucidum (E.C.Herdman) Flø Jørgensen & Shauna Murray, 2004 accepted as Gymnodinium venator Flo Jørgensen & Murray, 2004 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium pigmentosum (Dodge) Loeblich, 1970 accepted as Aureodinium pigmentosum Dodge, 1967 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium pirum Schütt, 1895 accepted as Cochlodinium pirum (Schütt) Lemmermann, 1921 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium polyphemus Pouchet accepted as Warnowia polyphemus (Pouchet) J.Schiller, 1933 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium pouchetii Lemmermann, 1899 accepted as Oodinium pouchetii (Lemmermann) Chatton, 1912
Species Gymnodinium pseudonoctiluca Pouchet, 1885 accepted as Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca (Pouchet) J.Cachon & M.Cachon, 1968 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium pulchellum J.Larsen, 1994 accepted as Takayama pulchella (Larsen) de Salas, Bolch & Hallegraeff, 2003 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium pyrocystis Jørgensen, 1912 accepted as Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca (Pouchet) J.Cachon & M.Cachon, 1968 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium quadrilobatum T.Horiguchi & R.N.Pienaar, 1994 accepted as Dinothrix quadrilobata (T.Horiguchi & R.N.Pienaar) R.Onuma & T.Horiguchi (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Gymnodinium roseum Dogiel, 1906 accepted as Chytriodinium roseum (Dogiel) Chatton, 1912
Species Gymnodinium sangineum Hirasaka, 1924 accepted as Gymnodinium sanguineum K.Hirasaka, 1922 accepted as Akashiwo sanguinea (K.Hirasaka) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000
Species Gymnodinium sanguineum K.Hirasaka, 1922 accepted as Akashiwo sanguinea (K.Hirasaka) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium simplex (Lohmann) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 accepted as Protodinium simplex Lohmann, 1908
Species Gymnodinium spirale Bergh, 1882 accepted as Gyrodinium spirale (Bergh) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium splendens Lebour, 1925 accepted as Akashiwo sanguinea (K.Hirasaka) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000 (basionym)
Species Gymnodinium strangulatum F.Schütt, 1895 accepted as Cochlodinium strangulatum (F.Schütt) F.Schütt, 1896 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium striatissimum E.M.Hulburt, 1957 accepted as Gyrodinium striatissimum (E.M.Hulburt) Gert Hansen & Ø.Moestrup, 2000 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium sugashimanii J.Cachon, H.Saton, M.Cachon & S.Sato, 1989 accepted as Gyrodinium sugashimanii J.Cachon, H.Saton, M.Cachon & S.Sato, 1989 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium tenuissimum Lauterborn, 1894 accepted as Borghiella tenuissima (Lauterborn) Moestrup, Gert Hansen & Daugbjerg, 2008
Species Gymnodinium tintinnicola Lohmann, 1908 accepted as Duboscquella tintinnicola (Lohmann) Chatton
Species Gymnodinium uncatenatum (Hulburt) Hallegraeff, 2002 accepted as Levanderina fissa (Levander) Moestrup, Hakanen, Gert Hansen, Daugbjerg & M.Ellegaard, 2014 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium veneficum D.Ballantine, 1956 accepted as Karlodinium veneficum (D.Ballantine) J.Larsen, 2000 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium vestifici Schütt, 1895 accepted as Kapelodinium vestifici (Schütt) Boutrup, Moestrup & Daugbjerg, 2016
Species Gymnodinium viride Lebour, 1917 accepted as Gymnodinium conicum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 accepted as Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca (Pouchet) J.Cachon & M.Cachon, 1968 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium viridis Lebour, 1917 accepted as Gymnodinium conicum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 accepted as Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca (Pouchet) J.Cachon & M.Cachon, 1968 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium vitiligo D.Ballantine, 1956 accepted as Karlodinium vitiligo (D.Ballantine) J.Larsen, 2000 (synonym)
Species Gymnodinium excavatum Van Meel, 1969 (uncertain)
Species Gymnodinium falcatum V.G.Madhav & B.Kondalarao, 2004 (uncertain > unassessed)

Environment

marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial

Original description

Not documented

Descriptive notes

LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:6790

LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:6790 [details]

Taxonomic citation

Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Gymnodinium F.Stein, 1878. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=109475 on 2024-11-15

Taxonomic edit history

Date

action

2004-12-21 15:54:05Z

created

db_admin

2006-07-12 06:39:56Z

changed

Camba Reu, Cibran

2010-08-12 12:41:00Z

changed

Guiry, Michael D.

2019-09-06 07:43:12Z

changed

Guiry, Michael D.

2024-02-21 07:10:53Z

changed

Guiry, Michael D.

Licensing

The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License

[taxonomic tree]

basis of record Gómez, F. (2005). A list of free-living dinoflagellate species in the world's oceans. Acta Bot. Croat. 64(1): 129-212. [details]

additional source Kofoid, C.A.; Swezy, O. (1921). The free-living unarmored Dinoflagellata. Memoirs of the University of California. 5: i-viii, 1-562., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/20306447 [details]

additional source Steidinger, K.A.; Tangen, K. (1997). Dinoflagellates. pp. 387-584. In: C.R. Tomas (ed.) (1997). Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp., available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780126930184500057 [details]

additional source Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]

additional source Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]

additional source Hayward, P. J.; Nelson-Smith, A.; Shields, C. (1996). Collins pocket guide: sea shore of Britain and Europe. Collins pocket guides. Harper-Collins Publishers: London, UK. ISBN 0-00-219955-6. 352 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]

additional source Parker, S.P. (Ed.) (1982). Synopsis and classification of living organisms. McGraw Hill Book Company: New York, NY (USA). ISBN 0-07-079031-0. 1166, 1232 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]

Present

Inaccurate

Introduced: alien

Containing type locality

From editor or global species database

LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:6790 [details]

Unreviewed

Classification This genus was originally placed under the family Gymnodiniidae as proposed by Hayward and Ryland (1990). [details]

Diet general for group: both heterotrophic (eat other organisms) and autotrophic (photosynthetic) [details]

Ecology Blooms of this genus were recorded as early as 1937 in the Oslo Fjord (Braarud, 1945) an have occured more recently as G. sanguinum with concentrations up to 35 10⁶ ind/l. [details]

Habitat pelagic [details]

Importance General: known for producing dangerous toxins, particularly when in large numbers, called "red tides" because the cells are so abundant they make water change color. Also they can produce non-fatal or fatal amounts of toxins in predators (particularly shellfish) that may be eaten by humans. [details]

Predators marine microorganisms and animal larvae [details]

Reproduction general for group: both sexual and asexual [details]

Definitions