Turbellarians source details
Van Steenkiste, N. W. L.; Leander, B. S. (2018). Molecular phylogeny of trigonostomine turbellarians (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Trigonostomidae), including four new species from the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 182(2): 237-257.
290653
10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx046 [view]
Van Steenkiste, N. W. L.; Leander, B. S.
2018
Molecular phylogeny of trigonostomine turbellarians (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Trigonostomidae), including four new species from the Northeast Pacific Ocean
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
182(2): 237-257
Publication
Available for editors 
Rhabdocoels comprise a species-rich group of microturbellarians in marine habitats around the globe. Knowledge of their species diversity in the Northeast Pacific Ocean is limited to a few studies. Here we present nine species within Trigonostominae and one species within Brinkmanniellinae associated with intertidal algae, sandy beaches and mudflats from the coast of British Columbia and Washington. Four species, Trigonostomum tillicum sp. nov., Ceratopera cascadiensis sp. nov., Ceratopera complicata sp. nov. and Ptychopera unicornis sp. nov., are new to science and are established based on molecular data and distinctive traits associated with the stylet and bursal appendage. Furthermore, we report on the occurrence of Trigonostomum tori, Ceratopera axi, Ceratopera pilifera, Ceratopera pacifica comb. nov., Ptychopera japonica and Tvaerminnea karlingi and provide new data on their morphology. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of Trigonostominae and other Thalassotyphloplanida using 18S rRNA and partial 28S rRNA sequences from 42 species demonstrates the phylogenetic positions of the four new species in addition to other inter- and intrageneric relationships within Trigonostominae (e.g. Messoplana is embedded within Ceratopera). This molecular phylogenetic context enables us to reassess homology statements about stylet morphology and the organization of the afferent system within Trigonostominae.
North-eastern Pacific boreal
Systematics, Taxonomy
Ceratopera Den Hartog, 1964 (taxonomy source)
Ceratopera aremorica (Ehlers & Sopott-Ehlers, 1989) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera canariensis (Ehlers & Ehlers, 1980) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera cascadiensis Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (original description)
Ceratopera complicata Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (original description)
Ceratopera elegans (Luther, 1948) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera falcata (Ax, 1953) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera floralis (Ehlers, 1974) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera geminata (Hartog, 1966) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera globulifera (Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2000) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera helgolandica (Ax, 1971) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera minuta (Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2000) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera pacifica (Karling, 1986) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera pilifera Karling, 1986 (additional source)
Ceratopera roscoffensis (Ehlers, 1980) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera rugata (Ehlers, 1974) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera spiralis (Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2000) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Messoplana Den Hartog, 1966 accepted as Ceratopera Den Hartog, 1964 (source of synonymy)
Ptychopera japonica Ax, 2008 (additional source)
Ptychopera unicornis Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (original description)
Trigonostomum tillicum Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2017 (original description)
Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004 (additional source)
Tvaerminnea karlingi Luther, 1943 (additional source)
Ceratopera aremorica (Ehlers & Sopott-Ehlers, 1989) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera canariensis (Ehlers & Ehlers, 1980) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera cascadiensis Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (original description)
Ceratopera complicata Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (original description)
Ceratopera elegans (Luther, 1948) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera falcata (Ax, 1953) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera floralis (Ehlers, 1974) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera geminata (Hartog, 1966) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera globulifera (Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2000) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera helgolandica (Ax, 1971) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera minuta (Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2000) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera pacifica (Karling, 1986) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera pilifera Karling, 1986 (additional source)
Ceratopera roscoffensis (Ehlers, 1980) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera rugata (Ehlers, 1974) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Ceratopera spiralis (Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2000) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (new combination reference)
Messoplana Den Hartog, 1966 accepted as Ceratopera Den Hartog, 1964 (source of synonymy)
Ptychopera japonica Ax, 2008 (additional source)
Ptychopera unicornis Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018 (original description)
Trigonostomum tillicum Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2017 (original description)
Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004 (additional source)
Tvaerminnea karlingi Luther, 1943 (additional source)
British Columbia for Ceratopera axi (Riedl, 1954) Den Hartog, 1964
British Columbia for Ceratopera axi (Riedl, 1954) Den Hartog, 1964
British Columbia for Ceratopera axi (Riedl, 1954) Den Hartog, 1964
British Columbia for Ceratopera cascadiensis Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018
British Columbia for Ceratopera complicata Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018
British Columbia for Ceratopera pacifica (Karling, 1986) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018
British Columbia for Ceratopera pacifica (Karling, 1986) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018
British Columbia for Ceratopera pacifica (Karling, 1986) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018
British Columbia for Ceratopera pilifera Karling, 1986
British Columbia for Ceratopera pilifera Karling, 1986
British Columbia for Ceratopera pilifera Karling, 1986
British Columbia for Ceratopera pilifera Karling, 1986
British Columbia for Ptychopera japonica Ax, 2008
British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
British Columbia for Tvaerminnea karlingi Luther, 1943
British Columbia for Tvaerminnea karlingi Luther, 1943
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Ceratopera pacifica (Karling, 1986) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Ceratopera pacifica (Karling, 1986) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Ceratopera pacifica (Karling, 1986) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Ceratopera pilifera Karling, 1986
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Ptychopera japonica Ax, 2008
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Ptychopera japonica Ax, 2008
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Tvaerminnea karlingi Luther, 1943
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Tvaerminnea karlingi Luther, 1943
San Juan Island for Ceratopera pilifera Karling, 1986
San Juan Island for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
Washington for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
British Columbia for Ceratopera axi (Riedl, 1954) Den Hartog, 1964
British Columbia for Ceratopera axi (Riedl, 1954) Den Hartog, 1964
British Columbia for Ceratopera cascadiensis Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018
British Columbia for Ceratopera complicata Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018
British Columbia for Ceratopera pacifica (Karling, 1986) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018
British Columbia for Ceratopera pacifica (Karling, 1986) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018
British Columbia for Ceratopera pacifica (Karling, 1986) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018
British Columbia for Ceratopera pilifera Karling, 1986
British Columbia for Ceratopera pilifera Karling, 1986
British Columbia for Ceratopera pilifera Karling, 1986
British Columbia for Ceratopera pilifera Karling, 1986
British Columbia for Ptychopera japonica Ax, 2008
British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
British Columbia for Tvaerminnea karlingi Luther, 1943
British Columbia for Tvaerminnea karlingi Luther, 1943
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Ceratopera pacifica (Karling, 1986) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Ceratopera pacifica (Karling, 1986) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Ceratopera pacifica (Karling, 1986) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Ceratopera pilifera Karling, 1986
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Ptychopera japonica Ax, 2008
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Ptychopera japonica Ax, 2008
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Tvaerminnea karlingi Luther, 1943
Canadian part of the Coastal Waters of Southeast Alaska and British Columbia for Tvaerminnea karlingi Luther, 1943
San Juan Island for Ceratopera pilifera Karling, 1986
San Juan Island for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
Washington for Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
Nontype BBM MI4049, identified as Ceratopera pacifica (Karling, 1986) Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018
Nontype BBM MI4046–MI4048, geounit British Columbia, identified as Ceratopera pilifera Karling, 1986
Nontype BBM MI4055–MI4057, identified as Tvaerminnea karlingi Luther, 1943
Holotype SMNH Type-8919, identified as Ceratopera cascadiensis Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018
Holotype SMNH Type-8920, identified as Ceratopera complicata Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018
Nontype BBM MI4046–MI4048, geounit British Columbia, identified as Ceratopera pilifera Karling, 1986
Nontype BBM MI4055–MI4057, identified as Tvaerminnea karlingi Luther, 1943
Holotype SMNH Type-8919, identified as Ceratopera cascadiensis Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018
Holotype SMNH Type-8920, identified as Ceratopera complicata Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2018