Turbellarians taxon details

Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852

GIF file

142443  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:142443)

  1. Biota
  2. Animalia (Kingdom)
  3. Platyhelminthes (Phylum)
  4. Rhabditophora (Subphylum)
  5. Rhabdocoela (Order)
  6. Dalytyphloplanida (Suborder)
  7. Neotyphloplanida (Infraorder)
  8. Thalassotyphloplanida (Parvorder)
  9. Trigonostomidae (Family)
  10. Trigonostomum (Genus)
accepted
Genus
Hyporcus Graff, 1905 · unaccepted (nomen oblitum)
Hyporhynchus Graff, 1882 · unaccepted (Nomen oblitum)
Orcus Uljanin, 1870 · unaccepted
Scillivortex · unaccepted (Literature misspelling in the...)  
Literature misspelling in the original description
Scillyvortex Faubel & Warwick, 2005 · unaccepted (junior synonym)
Spiroclytus Schmidt, 1857 · unaccepted (Schmidt (1857) proposes this as a...)  
Schmidt (1857) proposes this as a replacement name for Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852, for etymological reasons. This is not according to the rules of ICZN, zo Spiroclytus stays a junior synonym of Trigonostomum.

Ordering

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Children Display

  1. Species Trigonostomum armatum (Jensen, 1878) Graff, 1905
  2. Species Trigonostomum australe Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
  3. Species Trigonostomum breitfussi (Graff, 1905) Meixner, 1924
  4. Species Trigonostomum coronatum (Graff, 1882) Graff, 1905
  5. Species Trigonostomum denhartogi (Karling, 1978) Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
  6. Species Trigonostomum franki Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
  7. Species Trigonostomum galapagoense Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
  8. Species Trigonostomum lilliei (Graff, 1911) Meixner, 1924
  9. Species Trigonostomum messoplanoides Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2000
  10. Species Trigonostomum mirabile (Pereyaslawzewa, 1892) Graff, 1905
  11. Species Trigonostomum nataschae Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
  12. Species Trigonostomum penicillatum (Schmidt, 1857) Graff, 1905
  13. Species Trigonostomum prytherchi Kepner, Ferguson & Stirewalt, 1941
  14. Species Trigonostomum setigerum Schmidt, 1852
  15. Species Trigonostomum sinense Wang & Hu, 2019
  16. Species Trigonostomum spinigerum Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
  17. Species Trigonostomum tillicum Van Steenkiste & Leander, 2017
  18. Species Trigonostomum tori Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
  19. Species Trigonostomum vanmecheleni Artois, Schockaert, Beenaerts & Reygel, 2013
  20. Species Trigonostomum venenosum (Uljanin, 1870) Meixner, 1924
  21. Species Trigonostomum watsoni Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004
  22. Species Trigonostomum yoandrisi Diez, Reygel & Artois, 2023
  23. Species Trigonostomum brunchorsti Graff, 1905 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
  24. Species Trigonostomum piriforme (Pereyaslawzewa, 1892) Graff, 1905 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
  25. Species Trigonostomum australis Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004 accepted as Trigonostomum australe Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004 (Wrong gender of epithet. Trigonostomum is neuter. Therefore, following Art 31.2 and 34.2 of ICZN the gender shoud be adjusted.)
  26. Species Trigonostomum divae Marcus, 1948 accepted as Trigonostomum lilliei (Graff, 1911) Meixner, 1924
  27. Species Trigonostomum galapagoenesis accepted as Trigonostomum galapagoensis Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004 accepted as Trigonostomum galapagoense Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004 (Literature misspelling in the title of the description in Willems et al. (2004). Correct in the rest of the article.)
  28. Species Trigonostomum galapagoensis Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004 accepted as Trigonostomum galapagoense Willems, Artois, Vermin & Schockaert, 2004 (Wrong gender of epithet. Trigonostomum is neuter. Therefore, following Art 31.2 and 34.2 of ICZN the gender shoud be adjusted.)
  29. Species Trigonostomum intermedium (Attems, 1896) Graff, 1905 accepted as Trigonostomum coronatum (Graff, 1882) Graff, 1905
  30. Species Trigonostomum intermedium Graff, 1910 (unaccepted > nomen nudum, Later officially described by Graff (1911) as T. marki, as the name T. intermedium was preoccuppied.)
  31. Species Trigonostomum marki Graff, 1911 accepted as Trigonostomum penicillatum (Schmidt, 1857) Graff, 1905
  32. Species Trigonostomum neocomense (Fuhrmann, 1904) Graff, 1905 accepted as Koinocystis neocomensis (Fuhrmann, 1904) Meixner, 1924
  33. Species Trigonostomum quadrifolium Riedl, 1954 accepted as Trigonostomum coronatum (Graff, 1882) Graff, 1905
  34. Species Trigonostomum sinensis Wang & Hu, 2019 accepted as Trigonostomum sinense Wang & Hu, 2019 (unaccepted > incorrect grammatical agreement of specific epithet)
  35. Species Trigonostomum venosum accepted as Trigonostomum venenosum (Uljanin, 1870) Meixner, 1924 (unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent only
neuter
Schmidt, O. (1852). Neue Rhabdocoelen aus dem nordischen und dem Adriatischen Meere. <em>Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften.</em> 9: 490–505. With 5 plates. [details] OpenAccess publication
Tyler, S., Artois, T.; Schilling, S.; Hooge, M.; Bush, L.F. (eds) (2006-2025). World List of turbellarian worms: Acoelomorpha, Catenulida, Rhabditophora. Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/turbellarians/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=142443 on 2026-01-18
Date
action
by
2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
created
Faubel, Anno
2010-06-17 12:41:58Z
changed
Tyler, Seth
2010-06-17 13:06:02Z
changed
Tyler, Seth
2021-08-10 09:16:50Z
changed
Artois, Tom
2023-10-26 11:32:47Z
changed
Artois, Tom

original description Schmidt, O. (1852). Neue Rhabdocoelen aus dem nordischen und dem Adriatischen Meere. <em>Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften.</em> 9: 490–505. With 5 plates. [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Spiroclytus Schmidt, 1857) Schmidt, O. (1857). Zur Kenntnis der Turbellaria, Rhabdocoela und einiger anderer Wuermer des Mittelmeeres. <em>Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse,.</em> 23(2): 347-366, plates 1-5., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36386704
page(s): 356–358 [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Hyporcus Graff, 1905) Graff, L. von. (1905). Marine Turbellarien Orottavas und der Küsten Europas. <em>Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftlige Zoologie.</em> 83: 68-150. With 6 plates., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43242488 [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Hyporhynchus Graff, 1882) Graff, L., von. (1882). Monographie der Turbellarien 1. Rhabdocoelida. <em>[Book].</em> 1-442, Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig., available online at https://books.google.com/books/about/Monographie_der_Turbellarien.html?id=LT0hAQAAMAAJ
page(s): 336–337 [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Orcus Uljanin, 1870) Uljanin, W. (1870). Die Turbellarien der Bucht von Sebastopol. <em>Berichte des Vereins der Freunde der Naturwissenschaften zu Moskou.</em> 96pp + 7pl.
page(s): 19–20 [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Woodsholia Graff, 1911) Graff, L. V. (1911). Acoela, Rhabdocoela und Alloeocoela des Ostens der Vereinigten Staaten. Mit Nachträgen zu dem marinen Turbellarien Orotavas und der Küsten Europas. <em>Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie.</em> 99: 68-65; 1-108., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9755776 [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Scillyvortex Faubel & Warwick, 2005) Faubel, A.; Warwick, R. M. (2005). The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly: Free-living Plathelminthes ('Turbellaria'). <em>Journal of Natural History.</em> 39(1): 1-45., available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001613593
page(s): 35-37, Fig. 8A,B [details] Available for editors  PDF available

original description (of Kylosphaera Jensen, 1878) Jensen, O. S. (1878). Turbellaria ad litora Norvegiae occidentalia. Turbellarier ved Norges Vestkyst. <em>J W Eided Bogtrykkeri, Bergen.</em> 97 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1582487
page(s): 44-45 [details] OpenAccess publication

taxonomy source Willems, W.; Artois,T.; Vermin, W.; Schockaert, E. (2004). Revision of Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852 (Platyhelminthes, Typhloplanoida, Trigonostomidae) with the description of seven new species. <em>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.</em> 141(2): 271-296. [details] Available for editors  PDF available

taxonomy source Willems, W. & Krell F.-T. (2007). Case 3405. Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852 (Platyhelminthes, TRIGONOSTOMIDAE) and Trigonostomus Brenske, 1893 (Coleoptera, SCARABAEIDAE), proposed conservation of the generic names and proposed emendation of the current spelling of TRIGONOSTOMINA Ohaus, 1912 (Coleoptera, SCARABAEIDAE) to remove homonymy with TRIGONOSTOMIDAE Graff, 1905 (Platyhelminthes). <em>Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature.</em> 64(4): 218–223. [details] Available for editors  PDF available

context source (PeRMS) Velásquez-Rodriguez, K.; Reyes, J.; Van Steenkiste, N. ; Severino, R.; Brusa, F. (2023). First records of marine microturbellarians (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela, Fecampiida and Prolecithophora) from Peru, with the description of a new species. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 5258(5): 501-523., available online at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.5.1 [details] Available for editors  PDF available

basis of record Faubel, A.; Noreña, C. (2001). Turbellaria, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 123-136 (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors  PDF available

additional source Vanstraelen, L.; Artois, T.; Backeljau, T.; Kmentova, N.; Geraerts, M.; Monnens, M. (2025). A Scanning Electron Microscopy Method to Visualise the Copulatory Organ Morphology of Microturbellarian Flatworms: Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852 as a Case Study. <em>Journal of Morphology.</em> 286:e70040., available online at https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.70040 [details] Available for editors  PDF available

additional source (of Orcus Uljanin, 1870) Graff, L. von. (1875). Neue Mittheilungen über Turbellarien. <em>Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie.</em> 25: 408-424. Plates 27–28.
page(s): 415; note: Mentioned in the footnote on this page. [details] OpenAccess publication

source of synonymy (of Scillyvortex Faubel & Warwick, 2005) Faubel, A. (2005). On the synonymy of Scillyvortex phytophilus Faubel and Warwick, 2005 (Plathelminthes). <em>Journal of Natural History.</em> 39(39): 3481., available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930500286497
page(s): 3481 [details] Available for editors  PDF available

source of synonymy (of Spiroclytus Schmidt, 1857) Graff, L., von. (1882). Monographie der Turbellarien 1. Rhabdocoelida. <em>[Book].</em> 1-442, Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig., available online at https://books.google.com/books/about/Monographie_der_Turbellarien.html?id=LT0hAQAAMAAJ [details] OpenAccess publication

source of synonymy (of Hyporhynchus Graff, 1882) Graff, L. von. (1905). Marine Turbellarien Orottavas und der Küsten Europas. <em>Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftlige Zoologie.</em> 83: 68-150. With 6 plates., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43242488
page(s): 113; note: Brings all species of Hyporhynchus to the genus Trigonostomum, except for H. venenosus. [details] OpenAccess publication

source of synonymy (of Kylosphaera Jensen, 1878) Graff, L., von. (1882). Monographie der Turbellarien 1. Rhabdocoelida. <em>[Book].</em> 1-442, Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig., available online at https://books.google.com/books/about/Monographie_der_Turbellarien.html?id=LT0hAQAAMAAJ
page(s): 336 [details] OpenAccess publication
 
 Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
    Definitions

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To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Orcus) (from synonym Orcus Uljanin, 1870)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Trigonostomum) 
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Trigonostomum) 
To Genbank 
To Genbank 
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database (from synonym Orcus Uljanin, 1870)
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database (from synonym Woodsholia Graff, 1911)
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database (from synonym Scillyvortex Faubel & Warwick, 2005)
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database 
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database (from synonym Scillivortex)
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database (from synonym Spiroclytus Schmidt, 1857)
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database (from synonym Hyporcus Graff, 1905)
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database (from synonym Hyporhynchus Graff, 1882)
To the Turbellarian Taxonomic Database (from synonym Kylosphaera Jensen, 1878)
From editor or global species database
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