WoRMS taxon details
original description
Gray, J.E. (1870). Catalogue of sea-pens or Pennatulariidae in the collection of the British Museum / by J.E. Gray. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18487479 page(s): 39 [details]
original description
(of Crinillum Harting, Miquel & Hoeven, 1861) Harting, P.; Miquel, F.A.W.; van der Hoeven, J. (1861). Organisch Voorwerp, over gronden door diepzeeloodingen in de Banda-zee opgebragt en over passaatstof. <em>Verslagen en mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen.</em> 11: 286-299, plate 11., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39110785 page(s): 294 [details]
original description
(of Ombellula Cuvier, 1798) Cuvier, G. (1798). Tableau élémentaire de l'histoire naturelle des animaux. <em>Baudoin, Paris.</em> i-xvi, 1-710, Pl. 1-14. [pdf is for copepods :449-456]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11637076 page(s): 675 [details]
original description
(of Ombellulaires Cuvier, 1817) Cuvier, C. (1817). Le règne animal. Tome IV. Les Zoophytes. A. Belin, Paris, 255 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1681192 page(s): 86 [details]
original description
(of Ombellularia Lamarck, 1836) Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. de. (1836). Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertèbres, présentant les caractères généraux et particulier de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales espèces qui s'y rapportent; précédée d'une introduction offrant la détermination des caractéres essentiels de l'animal, sa distinction du végétal et des autres corps naturels; enfin, l'exposition des principes fondamentaux de la zoologie. 2nd edition. Histoire des Polypes. <em>Paris.</em> (Polyzoa by H. Milne-Edwards)., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41623745 page(s): 677 [details]
original description
(of Umbellaria Schweigger, 1820) Schweigger, A. F. (1820). Handbuch der Naturgeschichte der skelettlosen ungegliederten Thiere. <em>Leipzig, Im Verlag der Dyk'schen Buchhandlung.</em> 1-802., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39152641 page(s): 434 [details]
original description
(of Umbellularia Lamarck, 1801) Lamarck, J. B. (1801). Système des animaux sans vertèbres, ou tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux; Présentant leurs caractères essentiels et leur distribution, d'apres la considération de leurs rapports naturels et de leur organisation, et suivant l'arrangement établi dans les galeries du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, parmi leurs dépouilles conservées; Précédé du discours d'ouverture du Cours de Zoologie, donné dans le Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle l'an 8 de la République. Published by the author and Deterville, Paris: viii + 432 pp., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14117719 page(s): 380 [details]
basis of record
Williams, G.C.; van der Land, J. (2001). Octocorallia - Pennatulacea. <em>in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification.</em> Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50: pp. 105-106. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Williams, G. Pennatulacea checklist for ERMS2. [details]
additional source
Williams, G.C. (1992). Biogeography of the octocorallian coelenterate fauna of southern Africa. <em>Biol. J. Linn. Soc.</em> 46: 351-401. [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Williams, G.C. (1999). Index Pennatulacea: annotated bibliography and indexes of the Sea Pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the World 1469-1999. <em>Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.</em> 51(2): 19-103, 1 fig., 14 plates. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Cairns, S.D., L. Gershwin, F.J. Brook, P. Pugh, E.W. Dawson, O.V.; Ocaña, W. Vervoort, G. Williams, J.E. Watson, D.M. Opresko, P. Schuchert, P.M. Hine, D.P. Gordon, H.I. Campbell, A.J. Wright, J.A.Sánchez & D.G. Fautin. (2009). Phylum Cnidaria: corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> pp. 59-101., available online at https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/8431 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Bayer, F.M. (1961). The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region. A manual for marine biologists. <em>Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and Other Caribbean Islands.</em> 12:1-373, pls. 1-23., available online at https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/506065 page(s): 313 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Williams, G. C. (1995). Revision of the pennatulacean genus Sarcoptilus (Coelenterata: Octocorallia), with descriptions of three new species from southern Australia. <em>Records of the South Australian Museum.</em> 28(1), 13-32. page(s): 14 [details]
additional source
López-González, P. J.; Williams, G. C. (2002). A new genus and species of sea pen (Octocorallia : Pennatulacea : Stachyptilidae) from the Antarctic Peninsula. <em>Invertebrate Systematics.</em> 16(6): 919-929., available online at https://doi.org/10.1071/it01027 page(s): 925, 926, 927 [details]
additional source
Williams, G. C. (1997). A new genus and species of nephtheid soft coral (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from the western Pacific Ocean, and a discussion of convergence with several deep-sea benthic organisms. <em>Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences.</em> 49(12): 423-437. page(s): 423, 436, 437 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Thomson, J.A.; Henderson, W.D. (1906). An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine survey ship 'Investigator' in the Indian Ocean. I. The alcyonarians of the deep sea. <em>Trustees of the Indian Museum, University of Aberdeen.</em> 1-128, plates 1-7., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12037643 page(s): 102-107 [details]
additional source
Hickson, S.J. (1916). The Pennatulacea of the Siboga Expedition with a general survey of the order. <em>Siboga Expeditie.</em> 14: 1-265, plates 1-10., available online at https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31822010548360&view=1up&seq=7 page(s): 116-126 [details]
additional source
Williams, G. C. (1997). Preliminary assessment of the phylogeny of Pennatulacea (Anthozoa: Octocorallia), with a reevaluation of Ediacaran frond-like fossils, and a synopsis of the history of evolutionary thought regarding the sea pens. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, 497-509 page(s): 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503 [details]
additional source
Megina, C.; Conradi, M.; Piraino, S. (2003). Biodiversity, life cycles, and reproductive biology of deep-sea cnidarians. Berichte zur Polarforschung, 470, 108-112 page(s): 110 [details]
additional source
Bayer, F. M. (1998). Umbellula Cuvier, [1797] (Cnidaria, Anthozoa): conserved as the correct original spelling, and corrections made to the entries relating to Umbellularia Lamarck, 1801 on the Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology. <em>Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature.</em> 54(1): 14-18. page(s): 187 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Belcik, F. P. (1977). A distribution study of the Octocorallia of Oregon. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 24(1-3): 49-52 page(s): 51 [details]
additional source
Williams, G. C.; Rogers, J. (1989). Photographic evidence of bathyal octocorals from the Cape Basin. South African Journal of Science, 85, 191-192 page(s): 192 [details]
additional source
Verrill, A. E. (1922). The Alcyonaria of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918, with a revision of some other Canadian genera and species. Report on the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-1918, 8, G, G3-G87, available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38351360 page(s): 40 [details]
additional source
Kükenthal, W.; Broch, H. (1911). Pennatulacea. <em>Wissensch. Ergebn. Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition "Valdivia".</em> 13(1), 2: i-iv + 113-576, plates 13-29. page(s): 282-286 [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
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