PeRMS taxon details
original description
(of ) Bloch, M. E. (1793). Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. <em>Berlin.</em> v. 7: i-xiv + 1-144, Pls. 325-360. [Also a French edition, Ichthyologie, ou Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des poissons, v. 10, published 1797.]. page(s): 77, Pl. 343 [details]
context source (Deepsea)
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), available online at http://www.iobis.org/ [details]
context source (HKRMS)
Hong Kong marine fish database. <em>AFCD.</em> , available online at https://www.hk-fish.net/en/fish/introduction/ [details]
context source (PeRMS)
Chirichigno, N.; Cornejo, M. (2001). Catálogo comentado de los peces marinos del Perú. <em>2ª ed. Instituto del Mar de Perú. Publicación Especial. Callao.</em> 314 p. [details]
basis of record
Scott, W.B.; Scott, M.G. (1988). Atlantic fishes of Canada. <em>Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.</em> No. 219. 731 pp. [details]
additional source
Welshman, D.; Kohler, S; Black, J.; and L. Van Guelpen. (2003). An atlas of distributions of Canadian Atlantic fishes. , available online at http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/205/301/ic/cdc/FishAtlas/default.htm [details]
additional source
McEachran, J. D. (2009). Fishes (Vertebrata: Pisces) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1223–1316 in: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
additional source
Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source
Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023)., available online at https://www.fishbase.org [details]
ecology source
Looby, A.; Erbe, C.; Bravo, S.; Cox, K.; Davies, H. L.; Di Iorio, L.; Jézéquel, Y.; Juanes, F.; Martin, C. W.; Mooney, T. A.; Radford, C.; Reynolds, L. K.; Rice, A. N.; Riera, A.; Rountree, R.; Spriel, B.; Stanley, J.; Vela, S.; Parsons, M. J. G. (2023). Global inventory of species categorized by known underwater sonifery. <em>Scientific Data.</em> 10(1). (look up in IMIS), available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02745-4 [details]
From other sources
Description Generally found near the coast or in shallow waters (Ref. 9283). May also be encountered over shallow reefs but may reach depths of 170 m. Prefers clean, clear insular waters (Ref. 9626) but occasionally in turbid waters (Ref. 9283). Mainly nocturnal, it feeds on small shrimp, benthic invertebrates, forams when inshore, and zooplankton and fish larvae when offshore. Travels in compact groups of hundreds of thousands of fish. Juveniles up to 13 cm caught with light tackle (Ref. 4887). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9626). [details]
Diet Feeds on small shrimps, benthic invertebrates, and forams when inshore, and zooplankton and fish larvae when offshore [details]
Distribution Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada and Bermuda to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; throughout the Bahamas, Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea [details]
Habitat Prefers clear oceanic waters around islands to neritic waters. [details]
Habitat nektonic [details]
Importance Social- Highly Commercial, fishery, gamefish, bait [details]
Reproduction Open water/ substratum egg scatterers [details]
From editor or global species database
From other sources
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