(ofOstrea virginica Gmelin, 1791)Gmelin, J. F. (1791). Vermes. In: Gmelin J.F. (Ed.) Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Ed. 13. Tome 1(6). G.E. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig]. pp. 3021-3910. <em>Systema Naturae. Linneaeus (ed.). Ed. 13.</em> 1: pars. 6., available online athttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83098#5 page(s): 3336 [details]
Distribution Gulf of St. Lawrence (unspecified region), southern Gaspe waters (Baie des Chaleurs, Gaspe Bay to American, Orphan and...
Distribution Gulf of St. Lawrence (unspecified region), southern Gaspe waters (Baie des Chaleurs, Gaspe Bay to American, Orphan and Bradelle banks; eastern boundary: Eastern Bradelle valley), Magdalen Islands (from eastern Bradelle valley to the west, as far as Cape North, including the Cape Breton Channel); Prince Edward Island (from the northern tip of Miscou Island, N.B. to Cape Breton Island south of Cheticamp, including the Northumberland Strait and Georges Bay to the Canso Strait causeway); West Indies [details]
MolluscaBase eds. (2025). MolluscaBase. Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140657 on 2025-07-17
original description(ofOstrea virginica Gmelin, 1791)Gmelin, J. F. (1791). Vermes. In: Gmelin J.F. (Ed.) Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Ed. 13. Tome 1(6). G.E. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig]. pp. 3021-3910. <em>Systema Naturae. Linneaeus (ed.). Ed. 13.</em> 1: pars. 6., available online athttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83098#5 page(s): 3336 [details]
original description(ofLopha gibsonsmithi Macsotay & Campos, 2001)Macsotay, O.; Campos Villarroel, R. (2001). Moluscos representativos de la plataforma de Margarita, Venezuela. Editora Rivolta, Valencia, Venezuela, iii + 280 pp. + 32 pls. (look up in IMIS) [details]
original description(ofOstraea floridensis G. B. Sowerby II, 1871)Sowerby, G. B. II. (1870-1871). Monograph of the genus <i>Ostraea</i>. In: <i>Conchologia Iconica, or, illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals</i>, vol. 18, pl. 1-33 and unpaginated text. L. Reeve & Co., London. [stated dates: pl. 2-5, October 1870; pl. 6-13, January 1871; pl. 14-16, February 1871; pl. 17-27, September 1871; pl. 1, 28-33, November 1871]. , available online athttps://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8209078 page(s): Sp. 76 [details]
original description(ofOstraea reniformis G. B. Sowerby II, 1871)Sowerby, G. B. II. (1870-1871). Monograph of the genus <i>Ostraea</i>. In: <i>Conchologia Iconica, or, illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals</i>, vol. 18, pl. 1-33 and unpaginated text. L. Reeve & Co., London. [stated dates: pl. 2-5, October 1870; pl. 6-13, January 1871; pl. 14-16, February 1871; pl. 17-27, September 1871; pl. 1, 28-33, November 1871]. , available online athttps://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8209078[details]
original description(ofOstrea virginiana Röding, 1798)Röding, P. F. (1798). Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturæ quæ olim collegerat Joa. Fried Bolten, M. D. p. d. per XL. annos proto physicus Hamburgensis. Pars secunda continens Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia, bivalvia & multivalvia. Trapp, Hamburg, viii + 199 pp., available online athttps://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16230659[details]
basis of recordAmaral V.S. do & Simone L.R.L. (2014) Revision of genus <i>Crassostrea</i> (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) of Brazil. <i>Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom</i> 94(4): 811–836. [Published online 19 February 2014; Code-compliant paper version published June 2014][details] Available for editors [request]
basis of recordGofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. <em>Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 180-213., available online athttp://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/ocrd/254404.pdf[details]
Other
context source (Introduced species)Katsanevakis, S.; Bogucarskis, K.; Gatto, F.; Vandekerkhove, J.; Deriu, I.; Cardoso A.S. (2012). Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. <em>BioInvasions Records.</em> 1: 235-245., available online athttp://easin.jrc.ec.europa.eu[details] Available for editors [request]
context source (Bermuda)Jensen, R. H. (1997). A Checklist and Bibliography of the Marine Molluscs of Bermuda. Unp. , 547 pp[details]
additional sourceBrunel, P., L. Bosse & G. Lamarche. (1998). Catalogue of the marine invertebrates of the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence. <em>Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 126.</em> 405 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceStreftaris, N., A. Zenetos & E. Papathanassiou. (2005). Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas. <em>Oceanogry and Marine Biology: an Annual Review.</em> 43: 419-453. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceTurgeon, D. D., W. G. Lyons, P. Mikkelsen, G. Rosenberg, and F. Moretzsohn. 2009. Bivalvia (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 711–744 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, Colleg[details] Available for editors [request]
additional sourceHuber, M. (2010). <i>Compendium of bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research</i>. Hackenheim: ConchBooks. 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional sourceGunter, G. & Menzel, R. W. (1957). The crown conch, <i>Melongena corona</i>, as a predator upon the Virginia oyster. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 70(3): 84-87., available online athttps://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8520751[details]
additional sourceMargolis, S. V. & Carver, R. E. (1974). Microsculpture of chalky deposits found in shells of the oyster <i>Crassostrea virginica</i>. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 88(2): 62-65, fig. 1., available online athttps://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8097399[details]
additional sourceOgle, J. (1976). The occurrence of the date mussel, <i>Lithophaga bisulcata</i> (Mytilidae) in living oysters off Galveston, Texas. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 90(2): 74-76, figs. 1-2., available online athttps://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8276439[details]
additional sourceDurve, V. S. (1975). On the specificity of Madras backwater oyster <i>Crassostrea madrasensis</i> Preston and the American oyster <i>Crassostrea virginica</i> Gmelin. <em>Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society.</em> 71(2): 226-234., available online athttps://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48286425[details]
additional sourcede Kluijver, M. J.; Ingalsuo, S. S.; de Bruyne, R. H. (2000). Macrobenthos of the North Sea [CD-ROM]: 1. Keys to Mollusca and Brachiopoda. <em>World Biodiversity Database CD-ROM Series. Expert Center for Taxonomic Identification (ETI): Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ISBN 3-540-14706-3. 1 cd-rom.</em> (look up in IMIS) [details]
biology sourceTepolt, C. K. (2014). Adaptation in marine invasion: a genetic perspective. <em>Biological Invasions.</em> 17(3): 887-903., available online athttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-014-0825-8 note: Here, I review evidence for adaptation in marine invasion, considering both quantitative and genetic studies. [details] Available for editors [request]
Present Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From regional or thematic species database
Introduced species abundance in Ireland (Nation) : Rare [details] Introduced species impact United Kingdom part of the Celtic Sea (Marine Region) Other impact - undefined or uncertain [details] Introduced species impact United Kingdom part of the English Channel (Marine Region) Other impact - undefined or uncertain [details] Introduced species impact United Kingdom part of the North Sea (Marine Region) Other impact - undefined or uncertain [details] Introduced species impact in United States (Nation) : Other impact - undefined or uncertain [details] Introduced species impact in North Sea (IHO Sea Area) : Water abstraction or nuisance fouling [details] Introduced species impact Chinese part of the Yellow Sea (Marine Region) Water abstraction or nuisance fouling [details] Introduced species impact Chinese part of the Yellow Sea (Marine Region) Outcompetes native species for resources and/or space [details] Introduced species impact Chinese part of the Yellow Sea (Marine Region) Genetic impacts: hybridisation and introgression [details] Introduced species population United Kingdom part of the North Sea (Marine Region) Not established [details] Introduced species population United Kingdom part of the Celtic Sea (Marine Region) Not established [details] Introduced species population United Kingdom part of the English Channel (Marine Region) Not established [details] Introduced species population trend in United States (Nation) : Increasing [details] Introduced species vector dispersal United Kingdom part of the Celtic Sea (Marine Region) Aquaculture [details] Introduced species vector dispersal United Kingdom part of the English Channel (Marine Region) Aquaculture [details] Introduced species vector dispersal United States part of the North Pacific Ocean (Marine Region) Aquaculture: deliberate [details] Introduced species vector dispersal United Kingdom part of the North Sea (Marine Region) Aquaculture: deliberate [details] Introduced species vector dispersal Chinese part of the Yellow Sea (Marine Region) Aquaculture [details] Introduced species vector dispersal in French part of the Bay of Biscay (Marine Region) : Aquaculture: deliberate [details]
Unreviewed
Dimensions reaches 5 to 15 cm in size [details] Distribution Gulf of St. Lawrence (unspecified region), southern Gaspe waters (Baie des Chaleurs, Gaspe Bay to American, Orphan and Bradelle banks; eastern boundary: Eastern Bradelle valley), Magdalen Islands (from eastern Bradelle valley to the west, as far as Cape North, including the Cape Breton Channel); Prince Edward Island (from the northern tip of Miscou Island, N.B. to Cape Breton Island south of Cheticamp, including the Northumberland Strait and Georges Bay to the Canso Strait causeway); West Indies [details] Habitat infralittoral of the Gulf and estuary [details] Importance edible oyster [details] Reproduction separate sexes, usually not dimorphic in shell structure; fertilization occurs within the mantle cavity anf young hatch as pelagic larvae (generalized for group) [details]