WoRMS taxon details
Sipuncula
Sipunculida · unaccepted (synonym)
- Family Antillesomatidae Kawauchi, Sharma & Giribet, 2012
- Family Aspidosiphonidae Baird, 1868
- Family Golfingiidae Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
- Family Phascolosomatidae Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
- Family Siphonosomatidae Kawauchi, Sharma & Giribet, 2012
- Family Sipunculidae Rafinesque, 1814
- Family Anoteroprocta Diesing, 1851 accepted as Sipunculidae Rafinesque, 1814 (ending -idae)
- Family Eusipunculidea Diesing, 1859 accepted as Sipunculidae Rafinesque, 1814 (ending -idae)
- Family Loxosiphonea Quatrefages, 1865 accepted as Aspidosiphonidae Baird, 1868 (synonym)
- Family Loxosiphonidae Baird, 1868 accepted as Aspidosiphonidae Baird, 1868 (synonym)
- Family Phascoliidae Saiz, 1993 accepted as Golfingiidae Stephen & Edmonds, 1972 (synonym)
- Family Phascolionidae Cutler & Gibbs, 1985 accepted as Golfingiidae Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
- Family Siphunculidae Gray, 1828 accepted as Sipunculidae Rafinesque, 1814 (synonym)
- Family Sipunculacea Rafinesque, 1814 accepted as Sipunculidae Rafinesque, 1814 (ending -idae)
- Family Sipunculea Rafinesque, 1814 accepted as Sipunculidae Rafinesque, 1814 (ending -idae)
- Family Themistidae Cutler & Gibbs, 1985 accepted as Golfingiidae Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
- Suborder Sipuncula incertae sedis (temporary name)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent + fossil
Stephen, A. C. (1965). A revision of the classification of the phylum Sipuncula. <em>Annals and Magazine of Natural History.</em> (Series 13) 7 (80): 457–462., available online at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222936408651485
note: As Sipuncula [details] Available for editors
[request]
note: As Sipuncula [details] Available for editors
[request]
WoRMS (2025). Sipuncula. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1268 on 2025-07-07
Date
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2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
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Nomenclature
original description
Stephen, A. C. (1965). A revision of the classification of the phylum Sipuncula. <em>Annals and Magazine of Natural History.</em> (Series 13) 7 (80): 457–462., available online at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222936408651485
note: As Sipuncula [details] Available for editors [request]
note: As Sipuncula [details] Available for editors
[request]Taxonomy
taxonomy source
Gómez-Vásquez, Julio D. (2024). New records and five new species of sipunculans (Sipuncula) from the central and northwestern Mexican Pacific. <em>European Journal of Taxonomy.</em> 925: 179-219., available online at https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/2463
note: Review of Sipuncula for the Mexican Pacific (see Table 1 for list) [details]
status source Schulze, A.; Boyle, M. J.; Kawauchi, G. Y.; Kerbl, A.; Worsaae, K. (2019). Sipuncula. Lobatocerebridae. <em>[Book chapter].</em> Chapter 6, p177-216 In: Handbook of Zoology [Annelida. Basal groups and Pleistoannelida, Sedentaria 1], edited by G. Purschke, M. Böggemann and W. Westheide. De Gruyter., available online at https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110291582-006
note: authors recognize a classification structure within Sipuncula as six families without further division (no higher ranks than family), but are undecided on how to include the group within phylum Anneli...
[details] Available for editors [request]
note: Review of Sipuncula for the Mexican Pacific (see Table 1 for list) [details]
status source Schulze, A.; Boyle, M. J.; Kawauchi, G. Y.; Kerbl, A.; Worsaae, K. (2019). Sipuncula. Lobatocerebridae. <em>[Book chapter].</em> Chapter 6, p177-216 In: Handbook of Zoology [Annelida. Basal groups and Pleistoannelida, Sedentaria 1], edited by G. Purschke, M. Böggemann and W. Westheide. De Gruyter., available online at https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110291582-006
note: authors recognize a classification structure within Sipuncula as six families without further division (no higher ranks than family), but are undecided on how to include the group within phylum Anneli...
authors recognize a classification structure within Sipuncula as six families without further division (no higher ranks than family), but are undecided on how to include the group within phylum Annelida, evidently rejecting a grouping with Amphinomidae
[request]Identification resource
identification resource
Cutler, Edward B.; Schulze, Anja; Dean, Harlan K. (2004). The Sipuncula of sublittoral New Zealand, with a key to all New Zealand species. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 525(1): 1-19., available online at https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.525.1.1
note: key for New Zealand (no figures) [details] Available for editors [request]
note: key for New Zealand (no figures) [details] Available for editors
[request]Other
additional source
Franco, Letícia C.; Magalhães, Wagner F.; Guimarães, Lívia. S.; Oliveira, Deisiane ; Rocha, Erika C.; Kawauchi, Gisele Y. (2024). Four new records of Sipuncula (Annelida) from Northern Brazil. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 5410(1): 134-144., available online at https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5410.1.8 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Margulis, L.; Schwartz, K.V. (1998). Five Kingdoms: an illustrated guide to the Phyla of life on earth. 3rd edition. Freeman: New York, NY (USA). ISBN 0-7167-3027-8. xx, 520 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
[request]additional source Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Margulis, L.; Schwartz, K.V. (1998). Five Kingdoms: an illustrated guide to the Phyla of life on earth. 3rd edition. Freeman: New York, NY (USA). ISBN 0-7167-3027-8. xx, 520 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Classification The early history of the classification of Sipuncula within Animalia is summarized by Saiz-Salinas (2018). Their placement has varied, including a period in the Gephyrea, an amalgamation of unrelated groups introduced by Quatrefages. Ranking as an independent phylum was only gradually adopted from the 1900s. Sipuncula are currently downranked to an order within Annelida after molecular evidence over a number of years that Sipuncula are a group within Annelida (summarized in Schultze et al, 2019, Handbook of Zoology), with the following families. Family Antillesomatidae Kawauchi, Sharma & Giribet, 2012
Family Aspidosiphonidae Baird, 1868
Family Golfingiidae Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Family Phascolosomatidae Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Family Siphonosomatidae Kawauchi, Sharma & Giribet, 2012
Family Sipunculidae Rafinesque, 1814
Schultze et al (2019) recognized a classification structure within Sipuncula as six families without further division (no higher ranks than family), but are undecided on how to include the group within phylum Annelida, evidently rejecting a grouping with Amphinomidae, but outside of Polychaeta. When Sipuncula was ranked as an independent phylum the higher groupings of valid families was excessively partitioned as follows with two classes and three orders for just six families:
Class Phascolosomatidea
Order Aspidosiphonida [superfluous order for 1 valid familly]
Family Aspidosiphonidae Baird, 1868
Order Phascolosomatida
Family Antillesomatidae Kawauchi, Sharma & Giribet, 2012
Family Phascolosomatidae Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Class Sipunculidea [superfluous class for 1 valid order]
Order Golfingiida
Family Golfingiidae Stephen & Edmonds, 1972
Family Siphonosomatidae Kawauchi, Sharma & Giribet, 2012
Family Sipunculidae Rafinesque, 1814
[details]
| Language | Name | |
|---|---|---|
| Dutch | spuitwormenpindawormen | [details] |
| English | sipunculoidssipunculid wormssipunculanssipunculan wormspeanut worms | [details] |
| French | siponcles | [details] |
| German | Sternwürmer [from synonym]Spritzwürmer [from synonym]Sipunculiden [from synonym] | [details] |
| Japanese | 星口動物門 | [details] |
| Swedish | stjärnmaskar | [details] |
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Sipuncula)
To Genbank
To The Arctic Traits Database (36 traits)
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 057519) (from synonym Sipunculida)
To ITIS
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Sipuncula)
To Genbank
To The Arctic Traits Database (36 traits)
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 057519) (from synonym Sipunculida)
To ITIS
Unreviewed
