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Clarke, Andrew; Johnston, Nadine M. (2003). Antarctic marine benthic diversity. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review. 41: 47-114.
4179
Clarke, Andrew; Johnston, Nadine M
2003
Antarctic marine benthic diversity
Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review
41: 47-114
Publication
An unpublished species checklist compiled for background to this paper by the two authors was later used as basis for the Register of Antarctic Marine Species. The review article itself contains no species lists. The journal series is available at https://www.routledge.com but there is no link to the article. The original spreadsheet checklist might be obtainable from the author, accl@bas.ac.uk
Ant'Phipoda Literature database.
Available for editors  PDF available
Species lists have been compiled for all the major groups of Southern Ocean benthic marine invertebrates, eliminating synonymies where possible and providing a subjective estimate of completeness and reliability for each group. Antarctic marine diversity (pelagic and benthic) is relatively high at the phylum and class level, with the gaps mostly comprising minor, meiofaunal or parasitic groups. Most benthic diversity data come from the continental shelves, with relatively few samples from deeper water. Even for the continental shelves, however, sampling is highly patchy with some areas hardly investigated at all. Over 4100 benthic species have been reported from the Southern Ocean, with the most speciose groups being polychaetes, gastropods and amphipods. Comparison with tropical and temperate regions suggest that decapods, bivalves and teleost fishes are poorly represented in the Southern Ocean benthic marine fauna, whereas pycnogonids, echinoderms and many suspension feeding groups are rich and diverse. Some groups that are currently low in diversity were previously well represented in the Antarctic shallow water marine fauna, notably decapods and many fishes. Other groups have undergone marked radiations in the Southern Ocean, including pycnogonids, amphipods, isopods and teleost fishes; in all cases, however, it is only some lineages that have diversified. This indicates that evolutionary questions concerning the origin, diversification or extinction of the Southern Ocean marine fauna will have no single answer; the evolutionary history of each group appears to reflect a different response to the tectonic, climatic and oceanographic changes to which they have been subject through history. The disposition of southern hemisphere continents makes it difficult to assess whether there is a latitudinal cline in shallow-water marine diversity to mirror that known from the northern hemisphere. Within Antarctica, many species appear to have circumpolar distributions, and the long established biogeographical division into continental Antarctic, Antarctic Peninsula and sub-Antarctic regions have not been challenged by recent sampling. For most groups the frequency distribution of species per genus ratios is typical, though none is well described by the predictions from current evolutionary or null models. Where data are available, size spectra indicate that many Southern Ocean taxa are small, a few spectacular examples of gigantism notwithstanding, and species abundance plots are normal. Knowledge of the Southern Ocean benthic marine fauna has reached a stage where we can now ask powerful evolutionary questions, and the development of new molecular techniques provides the mechanism for answering them
Antarctic
Fauna and Flora, Faunistic inventories, Checklists, Catalogues
RIS (EndNote, Reference Manager, ProCite, RefWorks)
BibTex (BibDesk, LaTeX)
Date
action
by
2013-01-12 18:30:12Z
created
db_admin
2014-02-09 21:01:17Z
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Read, Geoffrey
2014-02-10 00:57:53Z
changed
Read, Geoffrey
2019-05-29 14:31:21Z
changed
Boyko, Christopher B.
2024-01-17 21:45:47Z
changed
Read, Geoffrey

Abatus agassizii Mortensen, 1910 (additional source)
Abatus cavernosus (Philippi, 1845) (additional source)
Abatus curvidens Mortensen, 1936 (additional source)
Abatus elongatus (Koehler, 1908) accepted as Abatus koehleri (Thiéry, 1909) (additional source)
Abatus ingens Koehler, 1926 (additional source)
Abatus shackletoni Koehler, 1911 (additional source)
Abyssoclymene Hartman, 1967 (basis of record)
Abyssoclymene annularis Hartman, 1967 (basis of record)
Abyssocucumis liouvillei (Vaney, 1914) Gutt, 1988 accepted as Staurocucumis liouvillei (Vaney, 1914) Ekman, 1927 (basis of record)
Acantharcturus acutipleon Schultz, 1981 (basis of record)
Acanthaspidia acanthonotus (Beddard, 1886) accepted as Iolanthe acanthonotus Beddard, 1886 (basis of record)
Acanthaspidia drygalskii Vanhöffen, 1914 accepted as Iolanthe drygalskii (Vanhöffen, 1914) (basis of record)
Acanthaspidia iolanthoidea Vasina & Kussakin, 1982 accepted as Iolanthe iolanthoidea (Vasina & Kussakin, 1982) (basis of record)
Acanthaspidia porrecta Menzies & Schultz, 1968 accepted as Iolanthe porrecta (Menzies & Schultz, 1968) (basis of record)
Acanthomunna spinipes (Vanhöffen, 1914) (basis of record)
Acanthophragma Hayward, 1993 (basis of record)
Acanthophragma polaris Hayward, 1993 (basis of record)
Acanthorhabdus fragilis Burton, 1929 (additional source)
Achelia communis (Bouvier, 1906) (basis of record)
Achelia spicata (Hodgson, 1914) (basis of record)
Achlyonice violaecuspidata Gutt, 1990 accepted as Rhipidothuria racovitzai Hérouard, 1901 (basis of record)
Acodontaster Verrill, 1899 (basis of record)
Acodontaster capitatus (Koehler, 1912) (basis of record)
Acodontaster conspicuus (Koehler, 1920) (basis of record)
Acodontaster elongatus (Sladen, 1889) (basis of record)
Acodontaster hodgsoni (Bell, 1908) (basis of record)
Acodontaster marginatus (Koehler, 1912) (basis of record)
Acodontaster waitei (Koehler, 1920) accepted as Acodontaster conspicuus (Koehler, 1920) (basis of record)
Actinernus elongatus (Hertwig, 1882) (basis of record)
Actinoscyphia plebeia (McMurrich, 1893) (basis of record)
Actinostola crassicornis (Hertwig, 1882) (basis of record)
Acutiserolis Brandt, 1988 (basis of record)
Acutiserolis johnstoni (Hale, 1952) (basis of record)
Acutiserolis spinosa (Kussakin, 1967) (basis of record)
Adelascopora Hayward & Thorpe, 1988 (basis of record)
Adelascopora jeqolqa Moyano, 1989 accepted as Adelascopora secunda Hayward & Thorpe, 1988 (basis of record)
Adelascopora secunda Hayward & Thorpe, 1988 (basis of record)
Aedicira belgicae (Fauvel, 1936) accepted as Aricidea (Allia) belgicae (Fauvel, 1936) accepted as Aricidea (Strelzovia) belgicae (Fauvel, 1936) (basis of record)
Aegiochus antarctica (Hodgson, 1910) (basis of record)
Aegiochus glacialis (Tattersall, 1921) (basis of record)
Aglaophamus digitatus Hartman, 1967 (basis of record)
Aglaophamus foliosus Hartman, 1967 (basis of record)
Aglaophamus groenlandiae Hartman, 1967 (basis of record)
Aglaophamus ornatus Hartman, 1967 accepted as Aglaophamus trissophyllus (Grube, 1877) (additional source)
Aglaophamus paramalmgreni Hartmann-Schröder & Rosenfeldt, 1992 (additional source)
Aglaophamus posterobranchus Hartman, 1967 (basis of record)
Aglaophamus trissophyllus (Grube, 1877) (additional source)
Aglaoprimnoa Bayer, 1996 (basis of record)
Aglaoprimnoa stefanii Bayer, 1996 (basis of record)
Aimulosia Jullien, 1888 (basis of record)
Aimulosia antarctica (Powell, 1967) (basis of record)
Alcyonidium Lamouroux, 1813 (additional source)
Alcyonidium flabelliforme Kirkpatrick, 1902 (basis of record)
Alcyonidium mytili Dalyell, 1848 accepted as Alcyonidioides mytili (Dalyell, 1848) (additional source)
Amage sculpta Ehlers, 1908 (basis of record)
Amastigia Busk, 1852 (additional source)
Amastigia antarctica (Kluge, 1914) (basis of record)
Amastigia cabereoides (Kluge, 1914) (basis of record)
Amastigia gaussi (Kluge, 1914) (basis of record)
Ammothea allopodes Fry & Hedgpeth, 1969 (basis of record)
Ammothea calmani Gordon, 1932 (basis of record)
Ammothea carolinensis Leach, 1814 (basis of record)
Ammothea clausi Pfeffer, 1889 (basis of record)
Ammothea gigantea Gordon, 1932 (basis of record)
Ammothea glacialis (Hodgson, 1907) (basis of record)
Ammothea gordonae Child, 1994 (basis of record)
Ammothea longispina Gordon, 1932 (basis of record)
Ammothea meridionalis Hodgson, 1914 (basis of record)
Ammothea minor (Hodgson, 1907) (basis of record)
Ammothea sextarticulata Munilla, 1991 (basis of record)
Ammothea spinosa (Hodgson, 1907) (basis of record)
Ammothea striata (Möbius, 1902) (basis of record)
Ammotrypane breviata Ehlers, 1913 accepted as Ophelina breviata (Ehlers, 1913) (basis of record)
Ammotrypane nematoides Ehlers, 1913 accepted as Ophelina nematoides (Ehlers, 1913) (basis of record)
Ammotrypane setigera Hartman, 1978 accepted as Ophelina setigera (Hartman, 1978) (basis of record)
Amperima velacula Agatep, 1967 (basis of record)
Ampharana Hartman, 1967 (basis of record)
Ampharana antarctica Hartman, 1967 (basis of record)
Ampharete kerguelensis McIntosh, 1885 (basis of record)
Ampharetides Ehlers, 1913 accepted as Terebellides Sars, 1835 (basis of record)
Amphiblestrum Gray, 1848 (additional source)
Amphiblestrum familiaris Hayward & Thorpe, 1989 (basis of record)
Amphiblestrum inermis (Kluge, 1914) (basis of record)
Amphiblestrum rossi Hayward & Thorpe, 1989 (basis of record)
Amphiodia Verrill, 1899 (basis of record)
Amphiophiura gibbosa Mortensen, 1936 (basis of record)
Amphiophiura inops (Koehler, 1907) (basis of record)
Amphiophiura rowetti G.A. Smith, 1923 (basis of record)
Amphioplus peregrinator (Koehler, 1912) (basis of record)
Amphipneustes bifidus Mortensen, 1950 (additional source)
Amphipneustes brevisternalis (Koehler, 1926) (additional source)
Amphipneustes lorioli Koehler, 1901 (additional source)
Amphipneustes marsupialis (Koehler, 1926) (additional source)
Amphipneustes rostratus (Koehler, 1926) (additional source)
Amphipneustes similis Mortensen, 1936 (additional source)
Amphiporidae Örsted, 1843 (additional source)
Amphiporus Ehrenberg, 1831 (additional source)
Amphiura (Amphiura) angularis Lyman, 1879 (basis of record)
Amphiura belgicae Koehler, 1900 (basis of record)
Amphiura deficiens Koehler, 1922 (basis of record)
 Authority
 for Actinostola crassicornis (Hertwig, 1882)

Author uncertain [details]
 Authority
 for Anaitides longipes (Kinberg, 1866)

(Kinberg, 1866) according to RAMS [details]
 Authority
 for Cnemidocarpa digonas Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1968

Monniot & Monniot, 1982 [details]
 Authority
 for Euchone analis (Krøyer, 1856)

RAMS gives this species (Kroyer, 1856) as author [details]
 Authority
 for Homalophiura inornata (Lyman, 1878)

Described by Lyman in 1882 [details]
 Authority
 for Kefersteinia cirrhata (Keferstein, 1862)

(Keferstein, 1863) is mentioned in RAMS [details]
 Authority
 for Leanira hystricis Ehlers, 1874

RAMS mentions Ehlers, 1875 as author [details]
 Authority
 for Lumbrineris Blainville, 1828

Gambi et al., 1997 found 2 not yet described species: "sp.1" and "sp.2" [details]
 Authority
 for Lumbrineris cingulata Ehlers, 1897

Ehlers, 1897 according to RAMS [details]
 Authority
 for Lumbrineris tetraura (Schmarda, 1861)

Schmarda, 1861 according to RAMS [details]
 Authority
 for Phylo kupfferi (Ehlers, 1874)

Ehlers, 1874 according to RAMS [details]
 Authority
 for Platynereis magalhaensis Kinberg, 1865

Mentioned as Kinberg, 1866a in RAMS [details]
 Authority
 for Stomatopora incrassata Smitt, 1867

The authors are uncertain about the authority [details]
 Classification
 for Acantharcturus Schultz, 1981

Member of the family Arcturidae according to RAMS [details]
 Classification
 for Anoplodactylus Wilson, 1878

According to RAMS, the genus Anoplodactylus belongs to the Pycnogonidae family instead of the Phoxichilidiidae family. [details]
 Classification
 for Antarcturus zur Strassen, 1902

Member of the family Arcturidae according to RAMS [details]
 Classification
 for Ascothorax Djakonov, 1914

According to RAMS, the genus Ascothorax belongs to the Synagogidae family instead of the Ascothoracidae family. [details]
 Classification
 for Balanus Costa, 1778

According to RAMS, the genus Balanus belongs to the Bathylasmatidae family instead of the Balanidae family. [details]
 Classification
 for Bathyoncus Herdman, 1882

Listed under family Pyuridae [details]
 Classification
 for Chaetarcturus Brandt, 1990

Member of the family Arcturidae according to RAMS [details]
 Classification
 for Ciona antarctica Hartmeyer, 1911

Placed under Subfamily Coninae [details]
 Classification
 for Coronula Lamarck, 1802

According to RAMS, the genus Coronula belongs to the Bathylasmatidae family instead of the Coronulidae family. [details]
 Classification
 for Ctenosculidae Thiele, 1925

According to RAMS, the family Ctenosculidae belongs to the Cirripedia infraclass instead of the Ascothoracida ... [details]
 Classification
 for Cylindrarcturus Schultz, 1981

Member of the family Arcturidae according to RAMS [details]
 Classification
 for Dendrogastridae Gruvel, 1905

According to RAMS, the family Dendrogastridae belongs to the Cirripedia infraclass instead of the Ascothoracida ... [details]
 Classification
 for Dimeatus Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1982

Under Subfamily Cioninae [details]
 Classification
 for Disconectes Wilson & Hessler, 1981

Considered to belong to the Family Munnopsidae [details]
 Classification
 for Escharella Gray, 1848

Genus Escharella is considered by RAMS to belong to the FamilyExochellidae [details]
 Classification
 for Escharoides Milne Edwards, 1836

The Genus Escharoides is considered bt RAMS to belong to the Family Exochellidae [details]
 Classification
 for Eurycope G. O. Sars, 1864

Considered to belong to the Family Munnopsidae [details]
 Classification
 for Exochella Jullien, 1888

Considered by RAMS to belong to the Family Exochellidae [details]
 Classification
 for Fissarcturus Brandt, 1990

Member of the family Arcturidae according to RAMS [details]
 Classification
 for Globarcturus Kussakin & Vasina, 1994

Member of the family Arcturidae according to RAMS [details]
 Classification
 for Ilyarachna G. O. Sars, 1869

Considered to belong to the family Munnopsidae [details]
 Classification
 for Litarcturus Brandt, 1990

Member of the family Arcturidae according to RAMS [details]
 Classification
 for Mysterascidia Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1982

Listed under Dimeatidae in Clarke & Johnston (2003). [details]
 Classification
 for Neoarcturus Barnard, 1914

Belongs to the family Arcturidae accoring to RAMS [details]
 Classification
 for Pallenopsis Wilson, 1881

According to RAMS, the genus Pallenopsis belongs to the Callipallenidae; in the printed version of ERMS, the genus is ... [details]
 Classification
 for Pseudidothea Ohlin, 1901

Belongs to family Arcturidae according to RAMS [details]
 Classification
 for Ptilocrinus Clark, 1907

Placed in family Plicatocrinidae by Clarke & Johnston (2003). [details]
 Classification
 for Rectarcturus Schultz, 1981

belongs to familt Arcturidae according to RAMS [details]
 Classification
 for Storthyngura Vanhöffen, 1914

Considered to belong to the Family Munnopsidae [details]
 Classification
 for Synagogidae Gruvel, 1905

According to RAMS, the family Synagogidae belongs to the Cirripedia infraclass instead of the Ascothoracida infraclass. [details]
 Classification
 for Syneurycope Hansen, 1916

Considered to belong to the Family Munnopsidae [details]
 Classification
 for Tuberarcturus Brandt, 1990

Belongs to family Arcturidae according to RAMS [details]
 Classification
 for Xenobalanus Steenstrup, 1852

According to RAMS, the genus Xenobalanus belongs to the Bathylasmatidae family instead of the Coronulidae family. [details]
 Identification
 for Rhodine Malmgren, 1865

cf. loveni Malmgren, 1865 [details]
 Identification
 for Stomatopora incrassata Smitt, 1867

The authors are uncertain about the Species [details]
 Spelling
 for Actiniaria

Actinaria [details]
 Spelling
 for Actiniidae Rafinesque, 1815

Actinidae [details]
 Spelling
 for Actinoscyphiidae Stephenson, 1920

Actinoschyphiidae [details]
 Spelling
 for Alcyonidium eightsi Winston & Hayward, 1994

Spelled as Alyconidum eightsi in RAMS [details]
 Spelling
 for Amphiblestrum inermis (Kluge, 1914)

Spelled as Amphlibestrum inermis in RAMS [details]
 Spelling
 for Amphiporus gerlachei Bürger, 1904

Spelles as Amphiporus gerlachi in RAMS [details]
 Spelling
 for Biemna chilensis Thiele, 1905

Referred to by RAMS as Biemna chiliensis. [details]
 Spelling
 for Camptoplites retiformis (Kluge, 1914)

Spelled as Camploplites retiformis in RAMS [details]
 Spelling
 for Cerebratulus malvini Wheeler, 1934

Also spelled Cerebratulus malvidi in RAMS [details]
 Spelling
 for Coelosphaera appendiculata (Carter, 1874)

Referred to by RAMS as Coelosphaera appendiculata. [details]
 Spelling
 for Cymodoce australis Hodgson, 1902

In RAMS spelled as Cymodocea australis [details]
 Spelling
 for Dendrophylliidae Gray, 1847

commonly misspelled as Dendrophyllidae [details]
 Spelling
 for Desmacidon ramosum Ridley & Dendy, 1886

Referred to by RAMS as Desmacidon ramosa and by Uriz as Desmacidon ramosus, but corrected for gender of genus name. [details]
 Spelling
 for Dolichacantha macrodon Hentschel, 1914

Referred to by RAMS as Dolichocantha macrodon. [details]
 Spelling
 for Ectomyxilla

Clarke & Johnston's (2003) list of Antarctic sponges misspelled the (sub-)genus name Ectyomyxilla as Ectomyxilla, ... [details]
 Spelling
 for Frontoserolis Brandt, 1991

This Genus is also spelled Frontoserolils in RAMS [details]
 Spelling
 for Gorgoniidae Lamouroux, 1812

Gorgonidae [details]
 Spelling
 for Harmothoe (Harmothoe) spinosa Kinberg, 1856

Spelled Harmothoe (Harmathoe) spinosa in RAMS [details]
 Spelling
 for Iathrippa Bovallius, 1886

Jathrippa [details]
 Spelling
 for Kophobelemnidae Gray, 1860

Kophobelemnonidae [details]
 Spelling
 for Leospira [auct. misspelling for 'Laeospira']

As far as is known the genus misspelling 'Leospira' exists only in an unpublished checklist associated with the ... [details]
 Spelling
 for Leucosolenia Bowerbank, 1864

Referred to by RAMS as Leucoselenia. [details]
 Spelling
 for Leucosolenia discoveryi Jenkin, 1908

Referred to by RAMS as Leucoselenia discoveryi. [details]
 Spelling
 for Molgula pedunculata (Herdman, 1881)

Mogula pedunculata in RAMS checklist [details]
 Spelling
 for Molgula robini Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1983

listed as Mogula robini [details]
 Spelling
 for Myriochele longicollaris Hartmann-Schröder & Rosenfeldt, 1989

in RAMS spelled as M. longircollaris [details]
 Spelling
 for Pseudoscalibregma bransfieldia (Hartman, 1967)

Spelled in RAMS as Pseudoscalibregmida bransfieldia [details]
 Spelling
 for Scoloplos (Leodamas) marginatus mcleani (Benham, 1921)

In RAMS spelled as S.( Leodamus) marginatus mcleani [details]
 Spelling
 for Scoloplos (Leodamas) ohlini (Ehlers, 1900)

In RAMS spelled as S. (Leodamus) ohlini [details]
 Spelling
 for Tetrastemma maivikenensis Wheeler, 1934

Also spelled T. maikenensis in RAMS [details]
 Spelling
 for Umbellula thomsoni (Kölliker, 1874)

Umbellula thomsonii [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Antarctonemertes Friedrich, 1955

Belongs to Prosorhochmidae according to RAMS [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Austrolaenilla hastulifera (Pruvot in Fauvel, 1936)

A species named A. nr. hastulifera was described by (Fauvel, 1936) in RAMS [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Autolytus maclearanus McIntosh, 1885

RAMS also mentions a species Autolutus cf. maclearanus [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Autolytus simplex Ehlers, 1900

RAMS also mentions a species Autolytus cf. simplex [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Bipocillopsis Koltun, 1964

Hooper (2002) and Van Soest (2002) in the same volume assign Bipocillopsis as a junior synonym to different genera ... [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Cerebratulus [Renier], [1804]

Belongs to Lineidae accoriding to RAMS [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Exogone (Exogone) verugera (Claparède, 1868)

Gambi et al., 1997 mentions two not yet described species: sp. 1 and sp. 2 [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Geodia Lamarck, 1815

Referred to by RAMS as Geodinella, which is a junior genus name for Geodia according to a checklist provided by Rob ... [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Leodora perrieri (Caullery & Mesnil, 1897)

The genus Leodora is placed under Serpulidae according to RAMS [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Mammiphitime Orensanz, 1990

Classified under Iphitimidae [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Palpiphitime Orensanz, 1990

Was under Iphitimidae. Palpiphitime is best treated as a species group within Ophyrotrocha according to Wiklund et ... [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Paralaeospira Caullery & Mesnil, 1897

This Genus is placed under Serpulidae in RAMS [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Parborlasia Friedrich in Serna de Esteban & Moretto, 1968

This genus belongs to Lineidae according to RAMS [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Pionosyllis comosa Gravier, 1906

RAMS also mentions a species Pionosyllis cf. comosa [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Sphaerodoropsis Hartman & Fauchald, 1971

(Hartman, 1978) mentions 3 not yet described species: sp.A, sp. B and sp. C [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Sphaerosyllis tetralix Eliason, 1920

RAMS mentions also a species Sphaerosyllis cf. tetralix. [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Tethyopsis Stewart, 1870

Referred to by RAMS as Monosyringa, which is a junior synonym. [details]
 Validity
 for Anaitides madeirensis (Langerhans, 1880)

Author is not sure about Genus name [details]
 Validity
 for Aphrodita alta Kinberg, 1856

Kinberg, 1855 is mentioned in RAMS Checklists but actual publication date of that work was 1856 [details]
 Validity
 for Enipo Malmgren, 1865

Classified under Aphroditidae in RAMS Checklists [details]
 Validity
 for Exogone (Exogone) verugera (Claparède, 1868)

RAMS isn't sure about the Genus name [details]
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