Deep-Sea source details
Sitjà, C.; Maldonado, M.; Farias, C.; Rueda, J.L. (2019). Deep-water sponge fauna from the mud volcanoes of the Gulf of Cadiz (North Atlantic, Spain). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 99 (4): 807 - 831.
307113
10.1017/s0025315418000589 [view]
Sitjà, C.; Maldonado, M.; Farias, C.; Rueda, J.L.
2019
Deep-water sponge fauna from the mud volcanoes of the Gulf of Cadiz (North Atlantic, Spain)
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
99 (4): 807 - 831
Publication
Available for editors 
Mud volcanoes are singular seafloor structures classified as ‘sensitive habitats’. Here we report on the sponge fauna from a field of eight mud volcanoes located in the Spanish margin of the northern Gulf of Cadiz (North-eastern Atlantic), at depths ranging from 380 to 1146 m. Thirty-eight beam-trawl samplings were conducted (covering over 61,000 m2) from 2010 to 2012, in the frame of a EC-LIFE + INDEMARES grant. A total of 1659 specimens were retrieved, belonging to 82 species, from which 79 were in the Class Demospongiae and three in Hexactinellida. Two species were new to science (Jaspis sinuoxea sp. nov.; Myrmekioderma indemaresi sp. nov.) and three others recorded for the first time in the Atlantic Ocean (Geodia anceps, Coelosphaera cryosi and Petrosia raphida). Five additional species were ‘Atlantic oddities’, since this study provides their second record in the Atlantic Ocean (Lanuginella cf. pupa, Geodia cf. spherastrella, Cladocroce spathiformis, Cladocroce fibrosa and Haliclona pedunculata). Basic numerical analyses indicated a significant linear relationship between the species richness per m2 and the number of sponge individuals per m2, meaning that in most volcanoes many species occur in equivalent, moderate abundance. Likewise, sponge species richness increased with depth, while the abundance of hard substrata resulting from carbonate precipitation and the fishing activities around the volcanoes had no detectable effect on the sponge fauna. However, in the latter case, a negative trend – lacking statistical support – underlaid the analyses, suggesting that a more extensive sampling would be necessary to derive more definitive conclusions in this regard.
Eastern Atlantic warm temperate to boreal
Systematics, Taxonomy
Date
action
by
Acantheurypon pilosella (Topsent, 1904) (additional source)
Anisocrella hymedesmina Topsent, 1927 (additional source)
Antho (Acarnia) signata (Topsent, 1904) (additional source)
Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870 (additional source)
Cladocroce fibrosa (Topsent, 1890) (additional source)
Cladorhiza abyssicola Sars, 1872 (additional source)
Eurypon clavatum (Bowerbank, 1866) (additional source)
Geodia pachydermata (Sollas, 1886) (basis of record)
Haliclona (Rhizoniera) pedunculata (Boury-Esnault, Pansini & Uriz, 1994) accepted as Haliclona (Rhizoniera) bouryesnaultae Van Soest & Hooper, 2020 (additional source)
Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864) represented as Hamacantha (Hamacantha) johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864) (additional source)
Hamacantha lundbecki Topsent, 1904 represented as Hamacantha (Hamacantha) lundbecki Topsent, 1904 (additional source)
Hymedesmia mutabilis (Topsent, 1904) represented as Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) mutabilis (Topsent, 1904) (additional source)
Hymedesmia peachii Bowerbank, 1882 represented as Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) peachii Bowerbank, 1882 (additional source)
Janulum spinispiculum (Carter, 1876) (additional source)
Lycopodina hypogea (Vacelet & Boury-Esnault, 1996) (additional source)
Mycale lingua (Bowerbank, 1866) represented as Mycale (Mycale) lingua (Bowerbank, 1866) (additional source)
Neoschrammeniella bowerbankii (Johnson, 1863) (additional source)
Pachastrella monilifera Schmidt, 1868 (additional source)
Phakellia robusta Bowerbank, 1866 (additional source)
Phakellia ventilabrum (Linnaeus, 1767) (additional source)
Pheronema carpenteri (Thomson, 1869) (additional source)
Pleraplysilla spinifera (Schulze, 1879) (additional source)
Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866) (additional source)
Rhizaxinella elongata (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) (additional source)
Rhizaxinella pyrifera (Delle Chiaje, 1828) (additional source)
Stylocordyla borealis (Lovén, 1868) (additional source)
Suberites carnosus (Johnston, 1842) (additional source)
Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858) (additional source)
Topsentia glabra (Topsent, 1898) (additional source)
Vulcanella gracilis (Sollas, 1888) (additional source)
Anisocrella hymedesmina Topsent, 1927 (additional source)
Antho (Acarnia) signata (Topsent, 1904) (additional source)
Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870 (additional source)
Cladocroce fibrosa (Topsent, 1890) (additional source)
Cladorhiza abyssicola Sars, 1872 (additional source)
Eurypon clavatum (Bowerbank, 1866) (additional source)
Geodia pachydermata (Sollas, 1886) (basis of record)
Haliclona (Rhizoniera) pedunculata (Boury-Esnault, Pansini & Uriz, 1994) accepted as Haliclona (Rhizoniera) bouryesnaultae Van Soest & Hooper, 2020 (additional source)
Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864) represented as Hamacantha (Hamacantha) johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864) (additional source)
Hamacantha lundbecki Topsent, 1904 represented as Hamacantha (Hamacantha) lundbecki Topsent, 1904 (additional source)
Hymedesmia mutabilis (Topsent, 1904) represented as Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) mutabilis (Topsent, 1904) (additional source)
Hymedesmia peachii Bowerbank, 1882 represented as Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) peachii Bowerbank, 1882 (additional source)
Janulum spinispiculum (Carter, 1876) (additional source)
Lycopodina hypogea (Vacelet & Boury-Esnault, 1996) (additional source)
Mycale lingua (Bowerbank, 1866) represented as Mycale (Mycale) lingua (Bowerbank, 1866) (additional source)
Neoschrammeniella bowerbankii (Johnson, 1863) (additional source)
Pachastrella monilifera Schmidt, 1868 (additional source)
Phakellia robusta Bowerbank, 1866 (additional source)
Phakellia ventilabrum (Linnaeus, 1767) (additional source)
Pheronema carpenteri (Thomson, 1869) (additional source)
Pleraplysilla spinifera (Schulze, 1879) (additional source)
Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866) (additional source)
Rhizaxinella elongata (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) (additional source)
Rhizaxinella pyrifera (Delle Chiaje, 1828) (additional source)
Stylocordyla borealis (Lovén, 1868) (additional source)
Suberites carnosus (Johnston, 1842) (additional source)
Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858) (additional source)
Topsentia glabra (Topsent, 1898) (additional source)
Vulcanella gracilis (Sollas, 1888) (additional source)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Acantheurypon pilosella (Topsent, 1904)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Anisocrella hymedesmina Topsent, 1927
South European Atlantic Shelf for Antho (Acarnia) signata (Topsent, 1904)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870
South European Atlantic Shelf for Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870
South European Atlantic Shelf for Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870
South European Atlantic Shelf for Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870
South European Atlantic Shelf for Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870
South European Atlantic Shelf for Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870
South European Atlantic Shelf for Cladocroce fibrosa (Topsent, 1890)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Cladorhiza abyssicola Sars, 1872
South European Atlantic Shelf for Cladorhiza abyssicola Sars, 1872
South European Atlantic Shelf for Eurypon clavatum (Bowerbank, 1866)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Eurypon clavatum (Bowerbank, 1866)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Geodia pachydermata (Sollas, 1886)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Haliclona (Rhizoniera) pedunculata (Boury-Esnault, Pansini & Uriz, 1994)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Hamacantha lundbecki Topsent, 1904
South European Atlantic Shelf for Hymedesmia mutabilis (Topsent, 1904)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Hymedesmia peachii Bowerbank, 1882
South European Atlantic Shelf for Hymedesmia peachii Bowerbank, 1882
South European Atlantic Shelf for Janulum spinispiculum (Carter, 1876)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Lycopodina hypogea (Vacelet & Boury-Esnault, 1996)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Mycale lingua (Bowerbank, 1866)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Neoschrammeniella bowerbankii (Johnson, 1863)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Neoschrammeniella bowerbankii (Johnson, 1863)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Neoschrammeniella bowerbankii (Johnson, 1863)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Pachastrella monilifera Schmidt, 1868
South European Atlantic Shelf for Phakellia robusta Bowerbank, 1866
South European Atlantic Shelf for Phakellia robusta Bowerbank, 1866
South European Atlantic Shelf for Phakellia robusta Bowerbank, 1866
South European Atlantic Shelf for Phakellia ventilabrum (Linnaeus, 1767)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Phakellia ventilabrum (Linnaeus, 1767)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Pheronema carpenteri (Thomson, 1869)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Pheronema carpenteri (Thomson, 1869)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Pheronema carpenteri (Thomson, 1869)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Pleraplysilla spinifera (Schulze, 1879)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Rhizaxinella elongata (Ridley & Dendy, 1886)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Rhizaxinella pyrifera (Delle Chiaje, 1828)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Stylocordyla borealis (Lovén, 1868)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Stylocordyla borealis (Lovén, 1868)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Suberites carnosus (Johnston, 1842)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Topsentia glabra (Topsent, 1898)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Topsentia glabra (Topsent, 1898)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Topsentia glabra (Topsent, 1898)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Vulcanella gracilis (Sollas, 1888)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Anisocrella hymedesmina Topsent, 1927
South European Atlantic Shelf for Antho (Acarnia) signata (Topsent, 1904)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870
South European Atlantic Shelf for Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870
South European Atlantic Shelf for Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870
South European Atlantic Shelf for Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870
South European Atlantic Shelf for Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870
South European Atlantic Shelf for Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870
South European Atlantic Shelf for Cladocroce fibrosa (Topsent, 1890)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Cladorhiza abyssicola Sars, 1872
South European Atlantic Shelf for Cladorhiza abyssicola Sars, 1872
South European Atlantic Shelf for Eurypon clavatum (Bowerbank, 1866)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Eurypon clavatum (Bowerbank, 1866)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Geodia pachydermata (Sollas, 1886)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Haliclona (Rhizoniera) pedunculata (Boury-Esnault, Pansini & Uriz, 1994)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Hamacantha johnsoni (Bowerbank, 1864)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Hamacantha lundbecki Topsent, 1904
South European Atlantic Shelf for Hymedesmia mutabilis (Topsent, 1904)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Hymedesmia peachii Bowerbank, 1882
South European Atlantic Shelf for Hymedesmia peachii Bowerbank, 1882
South European Atlantic Shelf for Janulum spinispiculum (Carter, 1876)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Lycopodina hypogea (Vacelet & Boury-Esnault, 1996)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Mycale lingua (Bowerbank, 1866)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Neoschrammeniella bowerbankii (Johnson, 1863)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Neoschrammeniella bowerbankii (Johnson, 1863)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Neoschrammeniella bowerbankii (Johnson, 1863)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Pachastrella monilifera Schmidt, 1868
South European Atlantic Shelf for Phakellia robusta Bowerbank, 1866
South European Atlantic Shelf for Phakellia robusta Bowerbank, 1866
South European Atlantic Shelf for Phakellia robusta Bowerbank, 1866
South European Atlantic Shelf for Phakellia ventilabrum (Linnaeus, 1767)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Phakellia ventilabrum (Linnaeus, 1767)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Pheronema carpenteri (Thomson, 1869)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Pheronema carpenteri (Thomson, 1869)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Pheronema carpenteri (Thomson, 1869)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Pleraplysilla spinifera (Schulze, 1879)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Poecillastra compressa (Bowerbank, 1866)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Rhizaxinella elongata (Ridley & Dendy, 1886)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Rhizaxinella pyrifera (Delle Chiaje, 1828)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Stylocordyla borealis (Lovén, 1868)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Stylocordyla borealis (Lovén, 1868)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Suberites carnosus (Johnston, 1842)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Topsentia glabra (Topsent, 1898)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Topsentia glabra (Topsent, 1898)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Topsentia glabra (Topsent, 1898)
South European Atlantic Shelf for Vulcanella gracilis (Sollas, 1888)
