URMO taxon details
original description
Stephenson, T. A. (1935). The British Sea Anemones. Volume II. <em>The Ray Society. London.</em> pp. 426. page(s): 44-52 [details]
context source (Introduced species)
Fofonoff, P.W.; Ruiz, G.M.; Steves, B.; Carlton, J.T. (2014). National Exotic Marine and Estuarine Species Information System (NEMESIS), available online at http://invasions.si.edu/nemesis [details]
context source (Hexacorallia)
Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record
van der Land, J.; den Hartog, J.H. (2001). Actiniaria, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 106-109 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Bromley, J.E.C. & J.S. Bleakney. (1985). Keys to the fauna and flora of Minas Basin. <em>National Research Council of Canada Report, Halifax, N.S.</em> 24119: 366 PP. [details]
additional source
Gosner, K. L. (1971). Guide to identification of marine and estuarine invertebrates: Cape Hatteras to the Bay of Fundy. <em>John Wiley & Sons, Inc., London.</em> 693 pp. [pdf copepod and branchiuran :445-455]. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source
Pollock, L.W. (1998). A practical guide to the marine animals of northeastern North America. Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick, New Jersey & London. 367 pp., available online at http://books.google.com/books?id=i1AmT31cuR4C [details]
additional source
Sebens, K.P. 1998. Marine flora and fauna of the eastern United States. Anthozoa, Actinaria, Corallimorparia, Ceriantharia, and Zoanthidea. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 141. 68 p. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Streftaris, N., A. Zenetos & E. Papathanassiou. (2005). Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas. <em>Oceanogry and Marine Biology: an Annual Review.</em> 43: 419-453. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source
Hamond, R. & B.G. Williams, 1977. The Ctenophora, Scyphozoa and Anthozoa of Norfolk, with additional notes on the Hydrozoa. Trans. Norfolk Norwich Nat. Soc. 24 : 58-74.. page(s): 61 [details]
additional source
Britton, J.C. & B. Morton, 1989. Shore ecology of the Gulf of Mexico : i-viii, 1-387. page(s): 184, 344 [details]
additional source
Williams, R.B., 1975. The significance of saline lagoons as refuges for rare species. Trans. Norfolk Norwich Nat. Soc. 22 6: 387-392. page(s): 388-391 [details]
additional source
Bromley, J. E. C.; Bleakney, J. S. (1979). Taxonomic Survey of Benthic Fauna in Estuarine Saltmarsh Pools, Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy. <em>Proceedings of the Nova Scotia Institute of Science.</em> 29: 411-446. page(s): 416, 419, 423, 438, 440, 442, 444, 446 [details] Available for editors
additional source
Heard, R.W. (1982). Guide to common tidal marsh invertebrates of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. <em>Ocean Springs, Mississippi, Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium.</em> volume MASGP-79-004, pp. 82. page(s): 3 [details]
additional source
Sanders, H. L., Mangelsdorf, P. C., Jr. and Hampson, G. R. 1965. Salinity and Faunal Distribution in the Pocasset River, Massachusetts. Limnology and Oceanography 10: 216. page(s): 222 [details]
additional source
Fautin, D. G.; Daly, M. (2009). Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia, and Zoanthidea (Cnidaria) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 349-357. <em>in: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico-Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity.</em> A&M University Press, College Station, Texas., available online at http://biogomx.net/sites/default/files/pdfs/chapters/15-Fautin%20and%20Daly%202009-Actinians%20of%20the%20GoMx.pdf [details]
additional source
Moehrlen, F., Maniura, M., Plickert, G., Frohme, M., & Frank, U. 2006. Evolution of astacin-like metalloproteases in animals and their function in development. Evolution and Development 8: 223-231. page(s): 223, 224, 225, 229, 230 [details]
additional source
Pax, F. (1936). Anthozoa. In: G. Grimpe & E. Wagler (eds.). Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee. Bd. IIIe. Akad. Verlagsges., Becker & Erler, Leipzig. 317 pp. page(s): 92 [details]
additional source
Hand, C. (1957). Another sea anemone from California and the types of certain Californian anemones. <em>Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences.</em> 47(12): 411-414., available online at http://biostor.org/reference/134287 page(s): 411-413 [details] Available for editors
additional source
Hand, C.; Uhlinger, K. R. (1994). The Unique, Widely Distributed, Estuarine Sea Anemone, Nematostella vectensis Stephenson: A Review, New Facts, and Questions. Estuaries. 17(2): 501-508., available online at http://www.jstor.org/stable/1352679 page(s): 501-507 [details] Available for editors
additional source
Sheader, M.; Suwailem, A. M.; Rowe, G. A. (1997). The anemone, Nematostella vectensis, in Britain: considerations for conservation management. <em>Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems.</em> 7(1): 13-25., available online at https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0755(199703)7:1<13::aid-aqc210>3.3.co;2-p page(s): 13-25 [details]
additional source
Silva, Janine F.; Lima, Carlos A. C.; Perez, Carlos D.; Gomes, Paula B.�(2010)�First record of the sea anemone�Nematostella vectensis�(Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae) in Southern Hemisphere waters,�Zootaxa�2343: 66-68 page(s): 66-67 [details]
additional source
Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]
additional source
Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Lauretta, D.; H�ussermann, V.; Brugler, M. R.; Rodr�guez, E. (2013). Isoparactis fionae sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from Southern Patagonia with a discussion of the family Isanthidae. <em>Organisms Diversity & Evolution.</em> 14(1): 31-42., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-013-0149-z page(s): 33 [details]
additional source
Davis G.M., Mazurkiewicz M. & Mandracchia M. (1982). <i>Spurwinkia</i>: Morphology, systematics, and ecology of a new genus of North American marshland Hydrobiidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). <em>Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.</em> 134: 143-177. page(s): 148 [details]
additional source
Manuel, R. L. (1981). British Anthozoa. <em>London: Academic Press.</em> 241 pp. (Synopses of the British Fauna). page(s): 193-194 [details]
additional source
Carlgren, O. (1949). A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. <em>Kungliga Svenska Vet- enskapsakadamiens Handlingar.</em> 1: 1�121. page(s): 26 [details]
additional source
Fell, P.E.; Olmstead, N.C.; Carlson, E.; Jacob, W.; Hitchcock, D.; Silber, G. (1982). Distribution and Abundance of Macroinvertebrates on Certain Connecticut Tidal Marshes, with Emphasis on Dominant Molluscs. <em>Estuaries.</em> 5(3): 234-239., available online at https://doi.org/10.2307/1351841 page(s): 235 [details] Available for editors
additional source
Bleakney, J. S.; Meyer, K. B. (1979). Observations on Salt Marsh Pools Minas Basin Nova-Scotia Canada 1965-1977. Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science, 29(4): 353-372, available online at http://dalspace.library.dal.ca/handle/10222/13956 page(s): 365 [details] Available for editors
additional source
Manuel, R. L. (1981). On the identity of the sea anemone Scolanthus callimorphus Gosse, 1853 (Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae). Journal of Natural History, 15, 265-276 page(s): 265 [details]
additional source
Sebens, K. P. (1998). Anthozoa: Actiniaria, Zoanthidea, Corallimorpharia, and Ceriantharia. National Marine Fisheries Service. Seattle., volume 141, pp. 1-67 page(s): 10, 14, 26, 50 [details]
additional source
Williams, R. B. (1983). Starlet sea anemone. IUCN Invertebrate Red Data Book, 43-46 page(s): 43-46 [details]
additional source
Mathew, K. (1979). Studies on the biology of a sea anemone, Anthopleura nigrescens (Verrill) from the south west coast of India. Bulletin of the Department of Marine Sciences, University of Cochin, 10, 75-158 page(s): 111 [details]
additional source
Carlgren, O. (1945). Further contributions to the knowledge of the cnidom in the Anthozoa especially in the Actiniaria. Kungliga Fysiografiska S�llskapets Handlingar, 56, N.F., (9): 1-24 page(s): 4 [details]
additional source
Kneib, R. T. (1991). Indirect effects in experimental studies of marine soft-sediment communities. American Zoologist, 31, 874-885 page(s): 878-881, Table 2 [details]
additional source
Fautin, D. G.; Kozloff, E. N.; Siebert, A. E. (1987). Phylum Cnidaria - Class Anthozoa. University of Washington Press. Seattle and London., pp. 68-78 page(s): 73, 77 [details]
additional source
Williams, R. B. (1987). The current status of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis in England. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalist's Society, 27, 5, 371-374 page(s): 371, 373 [details]
additional source
Hand, C. H.; Uhlinger, K. R. (1992). The culture, sexual and asexual reproduction, and growth of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Biological Bulletin, 182, 169-176 page(s): 169, 170, 173, 174, 175 [details]
additional source
Hand, C. H.; Uhlinger, K. R. (1995). Asexual reproduction by transverse fission and some anomalies in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Invertebrate Biology, 114(1): 9-18 page(s): 9, 10, 15, 16, 17 [details]
additional source
Kneib, R. T. (1985). Predation and disturbance by grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio Holthuis, in soft-substratum benthic invertebrate assemblages. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 93, 91-102 page(s): 91, 95, 98 [details]
additional source
Kneib, R. T. (1988). Testing for indirect effects of predation in an interidal soft-bottom community. Ecology, 69, 6, 1795-1805 page(s): 1801, 1802 [details]
additional source
Williams, R. B. (2003). Locomotory behaviour and functional morphology of Nematostella vectensis (Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae): a contribution to a comparative study of burrowing behaviour in athenarian sea anemones. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 345, 437-484 page(s): 437, 440-441, 445-455, 457-464, 466-480, Figures 2-14, Tables 1-14 [details]
additional source
Haskin, H. H.; Ray, G. (1979). Estuarine evaluation study: benthic invertebrates. Four year report, 1973-1977. Klaus R�tzler and Ian G. Macintyre (eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington page(s): 4.239, 4.275 [details]
additional source
Jensen, L. D. (1974). Environmental responses to thermal discharges from the Indian River Station, Indian River, Delaware. Electric Power Research Institute. Palo Alto., pp. 205. page(s): 112, 184, 188, 195 [details]
additional source
Robson, E. A. (1957). A sea-anemone from brackish water. Nature (London), 179, 787-788 page(s): 787-788 [details]
additional source
Daly, M.; Lipscomb, D. L.; Allard, M. W. (2002). A simple test: evaluating explanations for the relative simplicity of the Edwardsiidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Evolution, 56(3): 502-510 page(s): 503, 505, 506, 507, fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 [details]
additional source
Lindsay, J. A. (1975). A salt marsh anemone. Marine Aquarist, 6, 43-48 page(s): 43, 45, 46, 47 [details]
additional source
Ates, R. M. L. (1997). Bloemdieren: De Zeeanemonen En Hun Verwanten Van De Nederlandse Kust. C. Moerman. Zeeanjer., pp. 31. page(s): 27 [details]
additional source
Daly, M. (2002). A systematic revision of Edwardsiidae (Cnidaria, Anthozoa). Invertebrate Biology, 121(3): 212-225 page(s): 214-217, 221, 223 [details]
additional source
Pearson, C. V. M., Rogers, A. D.; Sheader, M. (2002). The genetic structure of the rare lagoonal sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis Stephenson (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) in the United Kingdom based on RAPD analysis. Molecular Ecology, 11, 2285-2293 page(s): 2285-2290, 2292-2293 [details]
additional source
Daly, M. (2002). Taxonomy, anatomy, and histology of the lined sea anemone, Edwardsiella lineata (Verrill, 1873) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Edwardsiidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 115(4): 868-877 page(s): 875 [details]
additional source
Williams, R. B. (2000). Measurements of cnidae from sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria), III: ranges and other measures of statistical dispersion, their interrelations and taxonomic relevance. Scientia Marina, 64(1): 49-68 page(s): 49-68 [details]
additional source
Williams, R. B. (1996). Measurements of cnidae from sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria): statistical parameters and taxonomic relevance. Scientia Marina, 60(2-3): 339-351 page(s): 339, 343, 346 [details]
additional source
Williams, R. B. (1991). Nematostella vectensis. Joint Nature Conservation Committee., volume 3. Invertebrates other than insects, pp. 32-33 page(s): 32-33 [details]
additional source
Williams, R. B. (1973). Euplotes alatus, a hypotrichous ciliate new to Great Britain. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalist's Society, 22(6): 383-386 page(s): 383, 385 [details]
additional source
Williams, R. B. (1988). The current status of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis in England -- a correction. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalist's Society, 28, 50 page(s): 50 [details]
additional source
Tiwary, B. K.; Li, W. H. (2009). Parallel evolution between aromatase and androgen receptor in the animal kingdom. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 26(1): 123-129 page(s): 123 [details]
additional source
Acu�a, F. H.; Excoffon, A. C.; Griffiths, C. L. (2004). First record and redescription of the introduced sea anemone Sagartia ornata (Holdsworth, 1855) (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Sagartiidae) from South Africa. African Zoology, 39(2): 314-318 page(s): 317 [details]
additional source
Frank, P. G.; Bleakney, J. S. (1978). Asexual reproduction, diet, and anomalies of the anemone Nematostella vectensis in Nova Scotia. Canadian Field-naturalist, 92, 259-262 page(s): 259-262 [details]
additional source
Darling, J. A.; Reitzel, A. M.; Finnerty, J. R. (2004). Regional population structure of a widely iIntroduced estuarine invertebrate: Nematostella vectensis Stephenson in New England. Molecular Ecology, 13, 10, 2969-2981 page(s): 2969-2979 [details]
additional source
Darling, J. A.; Reitzel, A. M.; Burton, P. M.; Mazza, M. E.; Ryan, J. F.; Sullivan, J. C.; Finnerty, J. R. (2005). Rising starlet: the starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis. BioEssays, 27(2): 211-221 page(s): 211, 213, 219 [details]
additional source
Olmstead, N. C.; Fell, P. E. (1978). Estuarine animals. Nancy C. Olmstead (eds.). The Connecticut Arboretum. New London, Connecticut, pp. 12-44 page(s): 18 [details]
additional source
Moran, Y.; Gurevitz, M. (2006). When positive selection of neurotoxin genes is missing: the riddle of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. FEBS Journal, 273(17): 3886-3892 page(s): 3886, 3887, 3888, 3889, 3890 [details]
additional source
Matus, D. Q.; Pang, K.; Daly, M.; Martindale, M. Q. (2007). Expression of Pax gene family members in the anthozoan cnidarian, Nematostella vectensis. Evolution & Development, 9(1): 25-38 page(s): 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 33, 35, 36, 37 [details]
additional source
Scott, A.; Harrison, P. L. (2008). Larval settlement and juvenile development of sea anemones that provide habitat for anemonefish. Marine Biology, 154(5): 833-839 page(s): 838 [details]
additional source
Pang, K.; Matus, D. Q.; Martindale, M. Q. (2004). The ancestral role of COE genes may have been in chemoreception: evidence from the development of the sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis (Phylum Cnidaria, Class Anthozoa). Development, Genes and Evolution, 214, 134-138 page(s): 134-137 [details]
additional source
Fritzenwanker, J. H.; Genikhovich, G.; Kraus, Y.; Technau, U. (2007). Early development and axis specification in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Developmental Biology, 310, 264-279 page(s): 264-266, 270, 272, 276 [details]
additional source
Kimura, A.; Sakaguchi, E.; Nonaka, M. (2009). Multi-component complement system of Cnidaria: C3, Bf, and MASP genes expressed in the endodermal tissues of a sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis. Immunobiology, 214, 165-178 page(s): 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 173, 174, 175, 176 [details]
additional source
Eckelbarger, K. J.; Hand, C. H.; Uhlinger, K. R. (2008). Ultrastructural features of the trophonema and oogenesis in the starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis (Edwardsiidae). Invertebrate Biology, 127(4): 3810395 page(s): 381, 382, 383, 389, 391, 392, 393 [details]
additional source
Geller, J. B.; Fitzgerald, L. J.; King, C. E. (2005). Fission in sea anemones: Integrative studies of life cycle evolution. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 45, 615-622 page(s): 618 [details]
additional source
Watson, G. M.; Graugnard, E. M.; Mire, P. (2007). The involvement of Arl-5b in the repair of hair cells in sea anemones. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, 8, 183-193 page(s): 186 [details]
additional source
Fautin, D. G. (1997). Cnidarian reproduction: assumptions and their implications. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, 151-162 page(s): 156 [details]
additional source
Rentzsch, F.; Anton, R.; Saina, M.; Hammerschmidt, M.; Holstein, T. W.; Technau, U. (2006). Asymmetric expression of the BMP antagonists chordin and gremlin in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis: implications for the evolution of axial patterning. Developmental Biology, 296, 375-387 page(s): 375, 376, 377, 385 [details]
additional source
Williams, R. B. (1979). Studies on the nematosomes of Nematostella vectensis Stephenson (Coelenterata: Actiniaria). Journal of Natural History, 13, 69-80 page(s): 69-79 [details]
additional source
Sullivan, J. C.; Finnerty, J. R. (2007). A surprising abundance of human disease genes in a simple "basal" animal, the starlet sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis). Genome, 50, 689-692 page(s): 689-692 [details]
additional source
Daly, M.; Chaudhuri, A.; Gusm�o, L.; Rodr�guez, E. (2008). Phylogenetic relationships among sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48, 292-301 page(s): 295 [details]
additional source
Nevalainen, T. J. (2008). Phospholipases A2 in the genome of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part D, 3, 226-233 page(s): 226-232 [details]
additional source
Daly, M.; Gusm�o, L.; Reft, A. J.; Rodr�guez, E. (2010). Phylogenetic signal in mitochondrial and nuclear markers in sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria). Integrative and Comparative Biology, 50(3): 371-388 page(s): 373 [details]
additional source
Reitzel, A. M.; Darling, J. A.; Sullivan, J. C.; Finnerty, J. R. (2008). Global population genetic structure of the starlet anemone Nematostella vectensis: multiple introductions and implications for conservation policy. Biological Invasions, 10, 1197-1213 page(s): 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1202, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210, 1211 [details]
additional source
Chen, C.; Soong, K.; Chen, C. A. (2008). The smallest oocytes among broadcast-spawning actiniarians and a unique lunar reproductive cycle in a unisexual population of the sea anemone, Aiptasia pulchella (Anthozoa: Actiniaria). Zoological Studies, 47(1): 37-45 page(s): 38, 39, 41, 43 [details]
additional source
Fautin, D. G.; Zelenchuk, T.; Raveendran, D. (2007). Genera of orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Hexacorallia), and their type species. Zootaxa, 1668, 183-244 page(s): 216 [details]
additional source
Kraus, Y.; Technau, U. (2006). Gastrulation in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis occurs by invagination and immigration: an ultrastructural study. Development, Genes and Evolution, 216, 119-132 page(s): 119, 120, 125, 127, 128, 130, 131 [details]
additional source
Steele, R. E.; David, C. N.; Technau, U. (2010). A genomic view of 500 million years of cnidarian evolution. Trends in Genetics, 30(10): 1-7 page(s): 1, 2 [details]
additional source
Williams, R. B. (1975). A redescription of the brackish-water sea anemone Nematostella vectensis Stephenson, with an appraisal of congeneric species. Journal of Natural History, 9, 51-64 page(s): 51-59, 60, 61, 62, 63 [details]
additional source
Williams, R. B. (1976). Conservation of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis in Norfolk, England and its world distribution. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalist's Society, 23(5): 257-266 page(s): 257-266 [details]
additional source
Sullivan, J. C.; Ryan, J. F.; Mullikin, J. C.; Finnerty, J. R. (2007). Conserved and novel Wnt clusters in the basal eumetazoan Nematostella vectensis. Development, Genes and Evolution, 217, 235-239 page(s): 235-239 [details]
additional source
Reitzel, A. M.; Sullivan, J. C.; Finnerty, J. R. (2006). Qualitative shift to indirect development in the parasitic sea anemone Edwardsiella lineata. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 46(6): 827-837 page(s): 827, 829, 830, 831, 832, 834, 835 [details]
additional source
Reitzel, A. M.; Burton, P. M.; Krone, C.; Finnerty, J. R. (2007). Comparison of developmental trajectories in the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis: embryogenesis, regeneration, and two forms of asexual fission. Invertebrate Biology, 126(2): 99-112 page(s): 99-110 [details]
From editor or global species database
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