Bowman, L.L. Jr., D.J. MacGuigan, M.E. Gorchels, M.M. Cahillane & M.V. Moore. (2019). Revealing paraphyly and placement of extinct species within Epischura (Copepoda: Calanoida) using molecular data and quantitative morphometrics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 140:1-44.

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10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106578 [view]

Bowman, L.L. Jr., D.J. MacGuigan, M.E. Gorchels, M.M. Cahillane & M.V. Moore

2019

140:1-44.

Publication

Available for editors  

Epischura (Calanoida: Temoridae) is a Holarctic group of copepods serving important ecological 19 roles, but it is difficult to study because of small range sizes of individual species and widespread 20 distribution of the genus. This genus includes Tertiary relicts, some endemic to single, isolated 21 lakes and can play major roles in unique ecosystems like Lakes Baikal and Tahoe. We present 22 the first molecular and morphological analysis of Epischura that reveals their spatio-temporal 23 evolutionary history. Morphological measurements of mandibles and genetics estimated 24 phylogenetic relationships among all species represented in Epischura, including E. 25 massachusettsensis, whose extinction status is of concern. Analyses used three gene regions for 26 six previously unsequenced species to infer highly-resolved and well-supported phylogenies 27 confirming a split between Siberian and North American species. Previously published age 28 estimates and sequence data from broad taxonomic sampling of calanoid copepods estimated 29 divergence times between the two Epischura groups. Divergence time estimates for Epischura 30 were consistent with earlier molecular clock estimates and late-Miocene cooling events. 31 Additionally, we provide the first taxonomically broad estimates of divergence times within 32 Calanoida. The paraphyletic nature of the genus Epischura (and the family Temoridae) is 33 apparent and requires the resurrection of the genus Epischurella (Smirnov 1936) to describe the 34 Siberian species.

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