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WoRMS taxon detailsBotryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766)
103862 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:103862)
accepted
Species
Alcyonium borlasii Turton, 1807 · unaccepted (original combination)
Alcyonium schlosseri Pallas, 1766 · unaccepted (original combination)
Aplidium verrucosum Dalyell, 1839 · unaccepted (original combination)
Botryllus aurolineatus Giard, 1872 · unaccepted (original combination)
Botryllus badium Alder & Hancock, 1912 · unaccepted (literature misspelling)
Botryllus badius Alder & Hancock, 1912 · unaccepted (original combination)
Botryllus bivittatus Milne Edwards, 1841 · unaccepted (original combination)
Botryllus calendula Giard, 1872 · unaccepted (original combination)
Botryllus calyculatus Alder & Hancock, 1907 · unaccepted (original combination)
Botryllus castaneus Alder & Hancock, 1848 · unaccepted (original combination)
Botryllus gascoi Della Valle, 1877 · unaccepted
Botryllus gemmeus Savigny, 1816 · unaccepted (original combination)
Botryllus gouldii Verrill, 1871 · unaccepted (original combination)
Botryllus marionis Giard, 1872 · unaccepted (original combination)
Botryllus miniatus Alder & Hancock, 1912 · unaccepted (original combination)
Botryllus minutus Savigny, 1816 · unaccepted (original combination)
Botryllus morio Giard, 1872 · unaccepted (original combination)
Botryllus polycyclus Savigny, 1816 · unaccepted (original combination)
Botryllus pruinosus Giard, 1872 · unaccepted (original combination)
Botryllus rubens Alder & Hancock, 1848 · unaccepted (original combination)
Botryllus rubigo Giard, 1872 · unaccepted (original combination)
Botryllus smaragdus Milne Edwards, 1841 · unaccepted (original combination)
Botryllus stellatus Gaertner, 1774 · unaccepted (original combination)
Botryllus violaceus Milne Edwards, 1841 · unaccepted (synonym)
Botryllus violatinctus Hartmeyer, 1909 · unaccepted (original combination)
Botryllus virescens Alder & Hancock, 1848 · unaccepted (original combination)
marine,
(of Alcyonium schlosseri Pallas, 1766) Pallas, P. S. (1766). Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones, cum selectis auctorum synonymis. [List of zoophytes containing general outlines of genera and brief descriptions of known species, with selected synonyms of the authors.]. <em>Fransiscum Varrentrapp, Hagae.</em> 451 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6019361 [details]
Distribution Bay of Fundy to North Carolina
Distribution Bay of Fundy to North Carolina [details] Distribution semi-cosmopolitan
Distribution semi-cosmopolitan [details] Taxonomy Order: Pleurogona Suborder: Stolidobranchiata, according to Trott (2004).
Taxonomy Order: Pleurogona Suborder: Stolidobranchiata, according to Trott (2004). [details]
Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2025). Ascidiacea World Database. Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=103862 on 2025-07-17
Nomenclatureoriginal description
(of Botryllus bivittatus Milne Edwards, 1841) Milne Edwards, H. (1841). Observations sur les Ascidies composées des côtes de la Manche. <em>Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences de l'Institut de France.</em> 18: 217-326. [details] original description (of Botryllus calyculatus Alder & Hancock, 1907) Alder, J.; Hancock, A. (1905-1912). The British Tunicata. <em>London, Ray Society.</em> vol.1 (1905), 146pp; 2 (1907), vol.2 (1907), 164pp; vol.3, (1912), 113pp. [details] original description (of Botryllus gemmeus Savigny, 1816) Savigny, J. C. (1816). Memoires sur les animaux sans vertebres. <em>Paris.</em> 2: 1-239. [details] original description (of Botryllus gouldii Verrill, 1871) Verrill, A. E. (1871). Descriptions of some imperfectly known and new ascidians from New England. <em>American Journal of Science series 3.</em> 1: 54-58, 93-100, 211-212, 288-294, 443-446., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36996999 [details] original description (of Botryllus miniatus Alder & Hancock, 1912) Alder, J.; Hancock, A. (1905-1912). The British Tunicata. <em>London, Ray Society.</em> vol.1 (1905), 146pp; 2 (1907), vol.2 (1907), 164pp; vol.3, (1912), 113pp. [details] original description (of Botryllus minutus Savigny, 1816) Savigny, J. C. (1816). Memoires sur les animaux sans vertebres. <em>Paris.</em> 2: 1-239. [details] original description (of Botryllus polycyclus Savigny, 1816) Savigny, J. C. (1816). Memoires sur les animaux sans vertebres. <em>Paris.</em> 2: 1-239. [details] original description (of Botryllus rubens Alder & Hancock, 1848) Alder, J.; Hancock, A. (1848). Additions to the mollusca of Northumberland and Durham. <em>Trans. Tyneside Field Club.</em> 1: 195-207. [details] original description (of Botryllus smaragdus Milne Edwards, 1841) Milne Edwards, H. (1841). Observations sur les Ascidies composées des côtes de la Manche. <em>Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences de l'Institut de France.</em> 18: 217-326. [details] original description (of Botryllus stellatus Gaertner, 1774) Gaertner, J. (1774). Zoophyta, quaedam minuta. <em>In: Pallas, P.S., Specilegia Zoologia. Berolini: G.A. Lange.</em> fasc. 10: 24-41., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ia/spicilegiazoolog110pall#page/532/mode/1up [details] original description (of Botryllus virescens Alder & Hancock, 1848) Alder, J.; Hancock, A. (1848). Additions to the mollusca of Northumberland and Durham. <em>Trans. Tyneside Field Club.</em> 1: 195-207. [details] original description (of Alcyonium borlasii Turton, 1807) Turton, W. (1807). British Fauna, containing a compendium of the zoology of the British Islands; arranged according to the Linnean system. Vol. 1, Mammalia, birds, Amphibia, fishes and worms. 1-230., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/21554423 [details] original description (of Aplidium verrucosum Dalyell, 1839) Dalyell, J. D. (1839). A singular mode of propagation among the lower animals illustrated. <em>Edinburgh New Philosophy Journal.</em> 26: 162-158. [details] original description (of Botryllus castaneus Alder & Hancock, 1848) Alder, J.; Hancock, A. (1848). Additions to the mollusca of Northumberland and Durham. <em>Trans. Tyneside Field Club.</em> 1: 195-207. [details] original description (of Botryllus calendula Giard, 1872) Giard, A. (1872). Recherches sur les Ascidies composées ou Synascidies. [Research on compound ascidians or synascidians.]. <em>Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale.</em> 1:501-687, pls. 25-30. (Copepoda: 555). [details] original description (of Botryllus pruinosus Giard, 1872) Giard, A. (1872). Recherches sur les Ascidies composées ou Synascidies. [Research on compound ascidians or synascidians.]. <em>Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale.</em> 1:501-687, pls. 25-30. (Copepoda: 555). [details] original description (of Botryllus aurolineatus Giard, 1872) Giard, A. (1872). Recherches sur les Ascidies composées ou Synascidies. [Research on compound ascidians or synascidians.]. <em>Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale.</em> 1:501-687, pls. 25-30. (Copepoda: 555). [details] original description (of Botryllus morio Giard, 1872) Giard, A. (1872). Recherches sur les Ascidies composées ou Synascidies. [Research on compound ascidians or synascidians.]. <em>Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale.</em> 1:501-687, pls. 25-30. (Copepoda: 555). [details] original description (of Botryllus marionis Giard, 1872) Giard, A. (1872). Recherches sur les Ascidies composées ou Synascidies. [Research on compound ascidians or synascidians.]. <em>Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale.</em> 1:501-687, pls. 25-30. (Copepoda: 555). [details] original description (of Botryllus rubigo Giard, 1872) Giard, A. (1872). Recherches sur les Ascidies composées ou Synascidies. [Research on compound ascidians or synascidians.]. <em>Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale.</em> 1:501-687, pls. 25-30. (Copepoda: 555). [details] original description (of Botryllus violatinctus Hartmeyer, 1909) Hartmeyer, R. (1909-1911). Ascidien (continuation of work by Seeliger). <em>In: Bronn, H.G., Klassen und Ordnungen des Tier-reichs. Leipzig, 3, suppl. psts.</em> 81-98,: 1281-1773. [details] original description (of Botryllus badius Alder & Hancock, 1912) Alder, J.; Hancock, A. (1905-1912). The British Tunicata. <em>London, Ray Society.</em> vol.1 (1905), 146pp; 2 (1907), vol.2 (1907), 164pp; vol.3, (1912), 113pp. [details] original description (of Alcyonium schlosseri Pallas, 1766) Pallas, P. S. (1766). Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones, cum selectis auctorum synonymis. [List of zoophytes containing general outlines of genera and brief descriptions of known species, with selected synonyms of the authors.]. <em>Fransiscum Varrentrapp, Hagae.</em> 451 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6019361 [details] original description (of Botryllus violaceus Milne Edwards, 1841) Milne Edwards, H. (1841). Observations sur les Ascidies composées des côtes de la Manche. <em>Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences de l'Institut de France.</em> 18: 217-326. [details] original description (of Botryllus gascoi Della Valle, 1877) Della Valle, A. (1877). Contribuzioni alla storia naturalle delle Ascidie Composte del Golfo di Napoli. <em>Napoli, tip. Comuni.</em> 48 p. [details] basis of record Monniot, C. (2001). Ascidiacea & Sorberacea. <em>In: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: pp. 352-355. (look up in IMIS) [details] Othercontext source (Introduced species)
Katsanevakis, S.; Bogucarskis, K.; Gatto, F.; Vandekerkhove, J.; Deriu, I.; Cardoso A.S. (2012). Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. <em>BioInvasions Records.</em> 1: 235-245., available online at http://easin.jrc.ec.europa.eu [details] Available for editors
 [request]context source (HKRMS) Kott P. & Goodbody I. (1982). The ascidians of Hong Kong. In: Morton B, editor. Proceedings of the first international marine biological workshop: The marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and southern China. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong. 1: pp 503-554. [details] additional source Gosner, K. L. (1971). Guide to identification of marine and estuarine invertebrates: Cape Hatteras to the Bay of Fundy. <em>John Wiley & Sons, Inc., London.</em> 693 pp. [pdf copepod and branchiuran :445-455]. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]additional source Linkletter, L. E. (1977). A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy. <em>Huntsman Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, N.B.</em> 68: p. [details] additional source Meinkoth, N. A. (1981). Field guide to North American seashore creatures. <em>The Audubon Society.</em> 1-799. [details] additional source Miner, R. W. (1950). Field book of seashore life. <em>G.P. Putnam & Sons.</em> 1-888. [details] additional source Thomas, M. L. H. (1983). Marine and coastal systems of the Quoddy Region, New Brunswick. <em>Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.</em> 64:1-306. [details] Available for editors [request]additional source Millar, R. H. (1955). On a collection of ascidians from South Africa. <em>Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.</em> 125(1): 169-221. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]additional source Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. <em>Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France.</em> 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details] additional source Kott, P. (1985). The Australian Ascidiacea part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. <em>Mem Qd Mus.</em> 23: 1-440., available online at http://biostor.org/reference/109626 [details] Available for editors [request]additional source Gosner, K.L. (1979). A Field Guide to the Atlantic Seashore. Invertebrates and Seaweeds of the Atlantic Coast from the Bay of Fundy to Cape Hatteras. <em>Wiley-Interscience, Boston.</em> 329pp., figs. 1-72, pls. 1-64. [pdf copepods only]. [details] Available for editors [request]additional source Zenetos, A., M.E. Cinar, M.A. Pancucci-Papadopoulou, J.G. Harmelin, G. Furnari, F. Andaloro, N. Bellou, N. Streftaris & H. Zibrowius. (2005). Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 6 (2): 63-118., available online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273213810_Annotated_list_of_marine_alien_species_in_the_Mediterranean_with_records_of_the_worst_invasive_species [details] Available for editors [request]additional source Kott, P.; Bradford-Grieve, J.; Esnal, G.; Murdoch, R.C. (2009). Phylum Tunicata: sea squirts, salps, appendicularians, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. pp. 409-430. [details] Available for editors [request]additional source Cole, L. and G. Lambert. 2009. Tunicata (Urochordata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1209–1216 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details] additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]additional source Trott, T. J. (2004). Cobscook Bay inventory: a historical checklist of marine invertebrates spanning 162 years. <em>Northeastern Naturalist.</em> 11, 261-324., available online at http://www.gulfofmaine.org/kb/files/9793/TROTT-Cobscook%20List.pdf [details] Available for editors [request]additional source Brine, O.; Hunt, L.; Costello, M. J. (2013). Marine biofouling on recreational boats on swing moorings and berths. <em>Management of Biological Invasions.</em> 4(4): 327-341., available online at https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2013.4.4.07 [details] Available for editors [request]additional source Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]additional source Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details] additional source van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). , available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/ [details] biology source Tepolt, C. K. (2014). Adaptation in marine invasion: a genetic perspective. <em>Biological Invasions.</em> 17(3): 887-903., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-014-0825-8 note: Here, I review evidence for adaptation in marine invasion, considering both quantitative and genetic studies. [details] Available for editors [request] Present Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Genetic nomenclature abbreviation Boschl [details]From regional or thematic species database
Introduced species abundance in Canadian part of the Bay of Fundy (Marine Region) : Rare to common [details]Introduced species impact in Australia (Nation) : Loss of aquaculture/commercial/recreational harvest or gain [details] Introduced species management in Canadian part of the Gulf of St-Lawrence (Marine Region) : yes [details] Introduced species remark Madeiran part of the North Atlantic Ocean (Marine Region) Ships: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms [details] Introduced species vector dispersal United States part of the North Pacific Ocean (Marine Region) Aquaculture: accidental [details] Introduced species vector dispersal in Australia (Nation) : Recreational equipment: accidental with recreational equipment [details] Introduced species vector dispersal in Australia (Nation) : Ships: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms [details] Introduced species vector dispersal in Portugal (Nation) : Shipping [details] Introduced species vector dispersal Argentinean part of the South Atlantic Ocean (Marine Region) Argentinean part of the South Atlantic Ocean (Marine Region) [details] Introduced species vector dispersal Argentinean part of the South Atlantic Ocean (Marine Region) Ships: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms [details] Introduced species vector dispersal Madeiran part of the North Atlantic Ocean (Marine Region) Ships: accidental with ballast water, sea water systems, live wells or other deck basins [details] Unreviewed
Diet plankton feeder [details]Dimensions colonies extend 75-100 mm [details] Distribution Bay of Fundy to North Carolina [details] Distribution semi-cosmopolitan [details] Habitat circalittoral of the Gulf and estuary [details] Remark Millar, 1955 placed this species in Botryllidae [details] Reproduction hermaphroditic; eggs shed and fertilized in the water [details] Taxonomy Order: Pleurogona Suborder: Stolidobranchiata, according to Trott (2004). [details]
BIOTIC
Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland Marine Life Information Network - UK To Barcode of Life (from synonym Botryllus violaceus Milne Edwards, 1841) To Barcode of Life (592 barcodes) To Biodiversity Heritage Library (11 publications) (from synonym Alcyonium schlosseri Pallas, 1766) To Biodiversity Heritage Library (152 publications) (from synonym Botryllus violaceus Milne Edwards, 1841) To Biodiversity Heritage Library (2 publications) (from synonym Botryllus calyculatus Alder & Hancock, 1907) To Biodiversity Heritage Library (20 publications) (from synonym Botryllus gouldii Verrill, 1871) To Biodiversity Heritage Library (20 publications) (from synonym Botryllus aurolineatus Giard, 1872) To Biodiversity Heritage Library (3 publications) (from synonym Botryllus badius Alder & Hancock, 1912) To Biodiversity Heritage Library (72 publications) To Biodiversity Heritage Library (9 publications) (from synonym Botryllus marionis Giard, 1872) To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL) To Dyntaxa To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Botryllus schlosseri) To GenBank (239675 nucleotides; 3082 proteins) To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI) To Information system on Aquatic Non-Indigenous and Cryptogenic Species (AquaNIS) To PESI To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Chordata Collection (1 record) (from synonym Botryllus aurolineatus Giard, 1872) To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Chordata Collection (14 records) (from synonym Botryllus gouldii Verrill, 1871) To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Chordata Collection (39 records) To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 098117) To ITIS Unreviewed
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