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WoRMS taxon details

Naria miliaris (Gmelin, 1791)

To GB Mollusca Types (Cypraea miliaris var. magistra Melvill, 1888; Holotype; NMW.1955.158.00282)
To GB Mollusca Types (Cypraea miliaris var. magistra Melvill, 1888; Holotype; NMW.1955.158.00282)

1079152  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:1079152)

  1. Biota
  2. Animalia (Kingdom)
  3. Mollusca (Phylum)
  4. Gastropoda (Class)
  5. Caenogastropoda (Subclass)
  6. Littorinimorpha (Order)
  7. Cypraeoidea (Superfamily)
  8. Cypraeidae (Family)
  9. Erosariinae (Subfamily)
  10. Naria (Genus)
  11. Naria miliaris (Species)
accepted
Species
Cypraea miliaris Gmelin, 1791 · unaccepted (original combination)
Cypraea miliaris var. diversa Kenyon, 1902 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Cypraea miliaris var. gabrielana Gatliff, 1929 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Cypraea miliaris var. gabrieli Gatliff, 1916 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym (invalid: junior homonym of...)  
invalid: junior homonym of Cypraea gabrieli Gatliff, 1912; Cypraea miliaris var. gabrielana is a replacement name
Cypraea miliaris var. magistra Melvill, 1888 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Erosaria (Erosaria) differens F. A. Schilder, 1927 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Erosaria metavona Iredale, 1935 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Naria miliaris var. bonfantinii Chiapponi & Lorenz, 2024 · unaccepted > unavailable name (name established at...)  
name established at infrasubspecific rank

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  1. Variety Naria miliaris var. bonfantinii Chiapponi & Lorenz, 2024 accepted as Naria miliaris (Gmelin, 1791) (unaccepted > unavailable name, name established at infrasubspecific rank)
  2. Variety Naria miliaris var. xincunensis S.-P. Zhang & P. Wei, 2011 accepted as Naria miliaris (Gmelin, 1791) (unaccepted > unavailable name)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent only
(of Cypraea miliaris Gmelin, 1791) Gmelin, J. F. (1791). Vermes. In: Gmelin J.F. (Ed.) Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Ed. 13. Tome 1(6). G.E. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig]. pp. 3021-3910. <em>Systema Naturae. Linneaeus (ed.). Ed. 13.</em> 1: pars. 6., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83098#5 [details] 
MolluscaBase eds. (2025). MolluscaBase. Naria miliaris (Gmelin, 1791). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1079152 on 2025-07-16
Date
action
by
2018-03-14 21:37:57Z
created
Bouchet, Philippe

Creative Commons License The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License


Nomenclature

original description (of Cypraea erosa var. inocellata Gray, 1825) Gray, J.E. (1824-1828). Monograph on the Cypraeidae, a family of testaceous Mollusca. <em>Zoological Journal.</em> 1(1): 71-80, pl. 7 [March 1824]; 1(2): 137-152 [June 1824]; 1(3): 367-391, pl. 12 [October 1824]; 1(4): 489-518, 603 (unnumbered Errata and Addendum) [January 1825]; 3(11): 363-371 [December 1827]; 3(12): 567-576 [April 1828]; 4(14): 66-88 (additions and corrections) [July 1828]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27570798
page(s): 1: 504 [details] 

original description (of Cypraea miliaris Gmelin, 1791) Gmelin, J. F. (1791). Vermes. In: Gmelin J.F. (Ed.) Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Ed. 13. Tome 1(6). G.E. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig]. pp. 3021-3910. <em>Systema Naturae. Linneaeus (ed.). Ed. 13.</em> 1: pars. 6., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83098#5 [details] 

original description (of Cypraea miliaris var. brevis M. Smith, 1913) Smith, M. (1913). On <i>Cypraea miliaris</i> Gmel., with descriptions of new varieties. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 27(6): 69-70., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1752588
page(s): 70 [details] 

original description (of Cypraea miliaris var. magistra Melvill, 1888) Melvill, J. C. (1888). A survey of the genus <i>Cypraea</i> (Linn.) its nomenclature, geographical distribution and distinctive affinites; with descriptions of two new species and several varieties. <em>Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.</em> ser. 4, 1: 184-252., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10266543
page(s): 227, pl. 1, fig. 6 [details] 

original description (of Cypraea miliaris var. brookei Rous, 1905) Rous, S. (1905). On some new varieties of <i>Cypraea</i>. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 19(3): 29., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1755602
page(s): 29 [details] 

original description (of Cypraea miliaris var. gabrieli Gatliff, 1916) Gatliff, J. H. (1916). Descriptions of two new Australian varieties of cowries. <em>The Victorian Naturalist.</em> 32: 147-149., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10113070
page(s): 148, textfig. 3 [details] 

original description (of Erosaria (Erosaria) differens F. A. Schilder, 1927) Schilder, F. A. (1927). Revision der Cypraeacea (Moll. Gastr.). <em>Archiv für Naturgeschichte.</em> 91A(10): 1-171., available online at https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Archiv-Naturgeschichte_91A_10_0001-0171.pdf
page(s): 107 [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

original description (of Cypraea miliaris var. gabrielana Gatliff, 1929) Gatliff, J. H. (1929). Alteration in the name of a <i>Cypraea</i>. <em>The Victorian Naturalist.</em> 46: 136., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40475735 [details] 

original description (of Erosaria metavona Iredale, 1935) Iredale, T. (1935). Australian cowries. <em>The Australian Zoologist.</em> 8(2): 96-135, pls. 8-9 [28 June 1935]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38709705
page(s): 117 [details] 

original description (of Cypraea miliaris var. diversa Kenyon, 1902) Kenyon, A.[F.]. (1902). Some undescribed varieties of <i>Cypraea</i>. <em>Journal of Conchology.</em> 10(6): 183-184., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31650003
page(s): 184 [details] 

original description (of Naria miliaris var. xincunensis S.-P. Zhang & P. Wei, 2011) Zhang, S.-P. & Wei, P. (2011). <i>Cowries and their relatives of China</i>. Oceanpress. 362 pp. [details] 

original description (of Naria miliaris var. bonfantinii Chiapponi & Lorenz, 2024) Chiapponi, M. & Lorenz, F. (2024). <i>Cowry shells. New subspecies and variations. Musings and anecdotes. A gallery of growth stages.</i> Molluscan Scirence, volume 6. 180 pp. ConchBooks.
page(s): 20,pl. 6 figs 7-9 [details] 

basis of record Lorenz, F. (2017). Cowries. A guide to the gastropod family Cypraeidae. <em>Volume 1, Biology and systematics. Harxheim: ConchBooks.</em> 644 pp.
page(s): 263, pls 41-42 [details] 

 
 Present  Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio   Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
   

    Definitions

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LanguageName 
English millet cowrie [from synonym]  [details]
German Hirsekauri [from synonym]  [details]
Japanese ハツユキダカラ  [details]
To Barcode of Life (4 barcodes) (from synonym Erosaria miliaris (Gmelin, 1791))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Cypraea erosa var. inocellata Gray, 1825)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (4 publications) (from synonym Erosaria miliaris (Gmelin, 1791))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (53 publications) (from synonym Cypraea miliaris Gmelin, 1791)
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL) (from synonym Cypraea miliaris Gmelin, 1791)
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL) (from synonym Erosaria miliaris (Gmelin, 1791))
To Conchology (Naria miliaris ALBINISTIC) 
To Conchology (Naria miliaris ALBINO) 
To Conchology (Naria miliaris CALLOUSED DWARF) 
To Conchology (Naria miliaris CALLOUSED) 
To Conchology (Naria miliaris DWARF) 
To Conchology (Naria miliaris FREAK) 
To Conchology (Naria miliaris GLOBOSE) 
To Conchology (Naria miliaris LARGE) 
To Conchology (Naria miliaris OVERGLAZE) 
To Conchology (Naria miliaris SET) 
To Conchology (Naria miliaris SPECIAL COLOR) 
To Conchology (Naria miliaris) 
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Naria miliaris) 
To GB Mollusca Types (Cypraea miliaris var. magistra Melvill, 1888; Holotype; NMW.1955.158.00282) (from synonym Cypraea miliaris var. magistra Melvill, 1888)
To GenBank (7 nucleotides; 17 proteins) 
To GenBank (7 nucleotides; 17 proteins) (from synonym Erosaria miliaris (Gmelin, 1791))
To GenBank (7 nucleotides; 17 proteins) (from synonym Cypraea miliaris Gmelin, 1791)
To Malacopics (Naria miliaris (Gmelin, 1791)) 
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Mollusca Collection (from synonym Cypraea miliaris Gmelin, 1791)
From editor or global species database
Unreviewed
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