MSBIAS taxon details
original description
(of ) Sars, M. (1857). Descriptions of some new Norwegian polyps. <em>The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology.</em> Ser. 2, 20: 238-239., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2365887 page(s): 238 [details]
context source (MSBIAS)
MEDIN. (2011). UK checklist of marine species derived from the applications Marine Recorder and UNICORN. version 1.0. [details]
context source (Deepsea)
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), available online at http://www.iobis.org/ [details]
context source (Hexacorallia)
Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record
van Ofwegen, L.; Grasshoff, M.; van der Land, J. (2001). Octocorallia (excl. Pennatulacea), <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 104-105 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Breeze, H., D.S. Davis, M. Butler, and V. Kostylev. 1997. Distribution and status of deep sea corals off Nova Scotia. Ecology Action Centre. Halifax. 58 p. [details]
additional source
Madsen, F. J. (1944). Octocorallia (Stolonifera - Telestacea - Xeniidae - Alcyonacea - Gorgonacea). <em>The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, Vol. V. Bianco Luno A/S.</em> 5(13): 1-65., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16849046 [details]
additional source
Watling, L.; Auster, P. (2005). Distribution of deep-water Alcyonacea off the Northeast Coast of the United States. In: Freiwald, A., R.J. Murray, editors. Cold-Water Corals and Ecosystems. <em>Proceedings of the Second Deep-Sea Coral Symposium.</em> 279-296. [details]
additional source
Kükenthal, W. (1924). Coelenterata: Gorgonaria. in: Das Tierreich (Eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen). 47. 478 pp. page(s): 15 [details] Available for editors
additional source
Tixier-Durivault, A.; d'Hondt, M.J. (1974). Les octocoralliaires de la campagne Biacores. <em>Bulletin de la Museum Nationale d'Histoire naturelle Paris, Ser. 3.</em> 252: 1361-1433., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57268683 page(s): 1393 [details]
additional source
Bayer, F.M. (1961). The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region. A manual for marine biologists. <em>Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and Other Caribbean Islands.</em> 12:1-373, pls. 1-23., available online at https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/506065 page(s): 68 [details] Available for editors
additional source
Verrill, A. E. (1922). Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-18. <em>Volume III: Mollusks, Echinoderms, Coelenterates, etc. Part G: Alcyonaria and Actiniaria.</em> F. A. Acland, Ottawa, Canada, 165 pp., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38351362 page(s): G18-G19 [details]
additional source
Thomson, J.A. (1927). Alcyonaires provenant des campagnes scientifiques du Prince Albert Ier de Monaco. <em>Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier.</em> 73: 1-77, plates 1-6., available online at https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924003498692&view=1up&seq=13 page(s): 16-17 [details]
additional source
Deichmann, E. (1936). The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. <em>Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College.</em> 53: 1-317, plates 1-37., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4363633 page(s): 6, 75, 78-79 [details]
additional source
Carlgren, O. (1940). A contribution to the knowledge of the structure and distribution of the cnidae in the Anthozoa. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets Handlingar, 51, N.F., (3): 1-62 page(s): 6, 8, 10 [details]
additional source
Thomson, J. A. (1929). Alcyonaires des environs de Monaco et de localités diverses. Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique (Monaco), (534): 1-10 page(s): 4 [details]
additional source
Verrill, A. E. (1922). The Alcyonaria of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918, with a revision of some other Canadian genera and species. Report on the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-1918, 8, G, G3-G87, available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38351360 page(s): 18, 19, 60 [details]
additional source
Williams, G. C. (1992). The Alcyonacea of southern Africa. Gorgonian octocorals (Coelenterata, Anthozoa). <em>Annals of the South African Museum.</em> 101(8): 181-296, Fig. 1., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40683324 page(s): 185, 186 [details]
additional source
Stiasny, G. (1937). Die Gorgonacea der Siboga-Expedition. Suppl. II. Revision der Scleraxonia mit ausschluss der Melitodidae und Coralliidae. <em>Siboga-Expeditie Monogr.</em> 13b8, pp. i-vi + 1-138, plates 1-8. page(s): 20-23 [details]
additional source
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]
new combination reference
Verrill, A. E. (1879). Notice of recent additions to the marine invertebrata of the northeastern coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species and critical remarks on others. Part I. Annelida, Gephyraea, Nemertina, Nematoda, Polyzoa, Tunicata, Mollusca, Anthozoa, Echinodermata, Porifera. <em>Proceedings of the United States National Museum.</em> 2: 165–205., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7303133 page(s): 199 [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
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